International politics is a complex and ever-changing arena, and the relationship between countries is also changing with changes in interests and situations. Some countries used to be close allies of China, jointly defending against foreign enemies and supporting each other, but at a certain time, they suddenly changed their positions, antagonized China, and even started wars. Who exactly are these countries?Why did they betray China?And what did they get?This article will uncover the answers to these questions for you, giving you an idea of what these countries are really like and what motivates them.
These countries are Vietnam, Albania and the Philippines. All of them were once China's hardcore allies and have deep friendship and cooperation with China. But at different times, they were all in different ways, chose the opposite path of China, and became China's enemies. Below, we will go through the process and reasons for their betrayal, respectively.
Vietnam: From "brother" to "white-eyed wolf".
Vietnam is a close neighbor of China, and the two countries have a long history and cultural ties. Ho Chi Minh, the founding father of Vietnam, had lived in China for many years and was fluent in Chinese, making him very friendly to China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Vietnam was still under French colonial rule and faced a difficult struggle for national liberation. In order to support Vietnam's independence and reunification, China provided Vietnam with a large amount of economic and military assistance to help Vietnam resist French and American aggression. According to statistics, China's total aid to Vietnam has reached more than 20 billion US dollars, of which 93% is free of charge, with no strings attached. China also sent tens of thousands of volunteers to fight alongside the Vietnamese People's Army, teaching them the tactics of guerrilla warfare and movement warfare, and together defeated the French and American forces. China has made tremendous sacrifices and contributions to Vietnam's independence and reunification, and a deep friendship of "comrades and brothers" has been formed between the two countries.
However, Vietnam did not cherish this friendship, but at a certain time, it chose to break with China and even launched a war of aggression. This was mainly due to the influence and lure of the Soviet Union, as well as the jealousy and fear of China. Against the background of the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, Vietnam leaned towards the USSR, believing that the USSR was the leader of the socialist camp, and China was a "revisionist" and a "traitor". Vietnam is not only ideologically opposed to China, but also geopolitically competing with China, trying to expand its sphere of influence in Southeast Asia. Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978, overthrew the Khmer Rouge regime, and established a pro-Vietnamese regime. Vietnam also invaded Laos in 1979 and established a pro-Vietnamese regime. Vietnam has also frequently harassed China in the border areas, and even claimed that it would recover the Liangguang region and include it in Vietnam's territory. Vietnam's actions have seriously violated China's territorial sovereignty and security interests, and have also seriously undermined peace and stability in Southeast Asia.
In order to safeguard its own interests and dignity, as well as regional peace and order, China had no choice but to take measures of self-defense and counterattack against Vietnam, and launched a war of self-defense and counterattack against Vietnam. The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) launched a surprise offensive against northern Vietnam on February 17, 1979, quickly breaking through Vietnamese defenses and capturing several cities and important targets in Vietnam. In 28 days, the squadron completely crushed Vietnam's military strength and dealt a heavy blow to Vietnam. After completing the purpose of self-defense counterattack, the squadron took the initiative to withdraw from Vietnamese territory, but in the process of retreating, a shocking scene was discovered. It turned out that a large amount of supplies that China had aided Vietnam were used by the Vietnamese army to build fortifications and even to deal with squadrons. When the squadron saw the words "China Aid" written on these supplies, they couldn't help but feel sad and angry. In order to punish Vietnam for its ingratitude, the squadron dismantled or took away all these materials, leaving Vietnam with nothing. China's self-defense counterattack against Vietnam not only dealt a blow to Vietnam's aggressive ambitions, but also broke Vietnam's economic foundation, leaving Vietnam in a long-term predicament and backwardness.
Albania: from "friend" to "traitor".
Albania is a small country located on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe with a population of only a few million and is one of the members of NATO. Albania was once an important ally of China in Europe, and the two countries established diplomatic relations in the sixties of the last century to jointly oppose the hegemony of the Soviet Union. In order to support Albania's socialist construction, China has provided Albania with a large amount of economic and technical assistance, helped Albania build infrastructure in the fields of industry, agriculture, transportation, education, and health, and made important contributions to Albania's development. According to statistics, China's total aid to Albania reached 9 billion yuan, equivalent to half of Albania's national income at that time. China has also provided Albania with a large amount of food and cash aid, helping Albania overcome famine and hardship. China's assistance to Albania is China's largest aid project in Europe, which reflects China's sincerity and friendship with Albania.
However, Albania did not cherish this friendship and assistance, but at a certain time, it chose to break with China, or even become an enemy of China. This is mainly because Albania's leader, Enver Hoxha, has developed strong dissatisfaction and antipathy towards China's political line and foreign policy. Hoxha was an extreme dogmatist, insisting that he was the rightful successor of Marxism-Leninism, while the rest of the socialist countries were revisionists or traitors. Hoxha's resentment of China began in 1969, when China began to engage and ease relations with the United States in response to the Soviet threat. Hoxha saw this as China's betrayal of the socialist camp and its defection to imperialism. Hoxha was even more angry that in 1974, ** put forward the theory of "three worlds", regarding the United States and the Soviet Union as the first world, developed countries such as Europe, Japan, and Canada as the second world, and developing countries such as Asia, Africa and Latin America as the third world, and advocated that the third world is the main force of the world revolution, the second world is the ally against the superpowers, and the first world is the enemy of the revolution. Hoxha saw it as an anti-Marxist theory, an abandonment of the class struggle, a compromise with imperialism, and a betrayal of the socialist state. Hoxha also accused China of using aid to control Third World countries, trying to become the leader of the Third World, and even wanting to replace the Soviet Union as the world's second most powerful country.
Hoxha's dissatisfaction and accusations provoked a strong reaction from China. Hoxha was an arrogant **, a Trotskyist, an Albanian revisionist. China believes that Hoxha completely ignores the changes in the international situation, disregards China's national interests and security, does not respect China's sovereignty and choice, does not appreciate China's assistance and support, and does not respect the friendship and cooperation between China and Afghanistan. It was decided to take measures against Albania to sever diplomatic relations and suspend aid as a sign of punishment and warning. In July 1978, China announced a complete cessation of aid to Albania and the withdrawal of all experts and technicians. In December 1978, China and Albania officially severed diplomatic relations, and Sino-Albanian relations broke down completely.
Philippines: From "partner" to "careerist".
The Philippines is an archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia with a population of over 100 million and is one of the founding members of ASEAN. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Philippines and China, the Philippines and China have maintained close economic and trade cooperation. We have given tremendous support and assistance to the Philippines in terms of economy and infrastructure. During the pandemic, we provided a large amount of medical supplies and expert support to the Philippines to help it fight the epidemic and tide over the difficulties. But it is this country that keeps claiming to be "brothers of flesh and blood" with China, but it has stabbed us in the back. At the instigation and instigation of Western politicians, the Philippines, together with Vietnam, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries, openly covets China's territorial sovereignty in the South China Sea. They not only illegally occupy China's islands and reefs, but also wantonly fish for China's maritime resources, seriously violating China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests.
What is the motivation for these actions of the Philippines? On the one hand, the Philippines has been influenced and lured by the United States, which has been trying to create trouble in the South China Sea, sow discord between China and its neighbors, and hinder China's peaceful rise. Not only does the United States frequently conduct so-called "freedom of navigation" operations in the South China Sea, but it also provides military assistance and political support to countries such as the Philippines to encourage them to confront China. As an ally of the United States, the Philippines naturally does not want to offend the United States, but is willing to cater to the will of the United States and become an enemy of China. On the other hand, the Philippines also has its own ambitions and calculations, and they want to use the power of the United States to expand their territory and obtain more resources and benefits. The Philippines has proposed the so-called "nine-dash line" to include most of the South China Sea in its territorial waters, which is a flagrant violation of international law and historical facts. The Philippines has also unilaterally filed an arbitration case in the South China Sea with an international arbitration tribunal in an attempt to deny China's historic rights and interests in the South China Sea, which has won the support and recognition of the international community.
In the face of the provocation and aggression of the Philippines, China and its people resolutely fought back and resisted. China has repeatedly lodged solemn representations with the Philippines, demanding that it immediately stop all acts infringing on China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, resume dialogue and negotiations, and resolve disputes through friendly consultations. China** also clarified China's legitimate position and propositions in the South China Sea to the international community, exposed the false and unreasonable demands of the Philippines, and won the understanding and support of the international community. The Chinese people also showed strong patriotic feelings and a sense of rights protection, expressed their indignation and dissatisfaction with the Philippines in various ways, and supported and trusted China. The squadron also maintains a high degree of combat and vigilance at all times, and is ready to respond to any possible challenges and threats at any time to defend the country's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests.
In international politics, interests are an important factor in relations between states, but they are not the only factor. Friendship, trust, respect, cooperation and equality are also important elements of inter-state relations. We cannot but feel regret and disappointment for those countries that were once friendly countries of China but later betrayed China, but we cannot but maintain a high degree of vigilance and resolute counterattack. At the same time, we should also strengthen friendly and cooperative relations with other countries and jointly safeguard regional and world peace, stability, development and prosperity.