5. Modal verbs + substantive verbs.
1.Usage of need:
1) need, as a modal verb, means "need, must", which is mainly used in negative sentences and interrogative sentences, and its negative form is needn't, which means "not necessary, not necessary".
eg. you needn’t do it again.You don't need to do it anymore.
Note: When asking a question with need, the positive answer is must, and the negative answer is needn't or don't h**e to.
eg. -need i do my homework now?Do I have to do my homework now?
yes, you must. / no. you needn’t . / no, you don’t h**e to.
2) need can also be used as a substantive verb, where there are changes in pronoun, number and tense.
If the subject is a person, the usage is: sb need(s) sth."Someone needs something".
sb. need to do sth."Someone needs to do something".
eg. he needs to learn english.He needs to learn English.
do i need to call him right now?Do I need to give him a ** now?
yes, you do. / no, you don’t.
If the subject is a thing, the usage is: sthneed doing(= need to be done) "something needs to be done".
In this case, it should be noted that the gerund doing in active form has a passive meaning; The gerund can be changed to its passive form in the infinitive form without the meaning of the sentence unchanged.
eg. your car needs washing. = your car needs to be washed.Your car needs to be washed.
2.Usage of dare:
1) dare, as a modal verb, is mainly used in negative sentences, interrogative sentences, and conditional sentences, without the third-person singular form, only the simple present tense and the simple past tense.
eg. i daren’t ask her. will you do it for me?I didn't dare ask her. Can you help me ask?
2) As a substantive verb, dare is pronounced, numbered, and tense at this time.
eg. he doesn’t dare to break his promise.He did not dare to break his promise.
6. Modal verbs + auxiliary verbs:
1.Usage of will:
1) will, as a modal verb, expresses will, will, intent and can be used in a variety of personal pronouns.
eg. i will help you if i’m free this afternoon.I'll help you if I'm free in the afternoon.
2) will is used in the second person interrogative sentence to express solicitation of opinions and suggestions.
eg. will you please take out the trash?Would you please take out the garbage?
2.would's usage:
1) would is the past tense of will, which indicates the will, will, and intention of the past, and can be used in a variety of personal pronouns.
eg. i told peter that i would go along with him.I told Peter I was going with him.
2) would is used in the second person interrogative sentence, indicating asking for opinions and suggestions, and the tone is more tactful than will.
eg. would like to h**e a glass of wine?Would you like a glass of wine?
3.Usage of shall:
Shall as a modal verb that indicates to ask for the opinion of the other party, it is mostly used in the first place.
1. Three-person claims.
eg. shall we go out for a walk?Shall we go out for a walk?
4.Usage of should:
Should, as a modal verb, means "should" and can express advice, advice, obligation, responsibility, etc.
eg. we should protect the environment.We should protect the environment.
7. Auxiliary verbs + substantive verbs.
Feel is used as a verb and a substantial verb usage induction:
a) Used as a conjunctive verb.
1) Expressing someone's feelings, with the person as the subject. Such as:
i feel really tired.I feel really tired.
whenever i see you i feel nervous.I was nervous as soon as I saw you.
When used in this sense, it can be used in the progressive tense. Such as:
i feel fine. / i’m feeling fine.I feel good. I'm feeling good now.
she feels [is feeling] much better today.Today she feels much better.
2) Expressing the feeling that something feels to the touch or what characteristics it makes people feel, etc., usually the object that is touched or felt should be the subject. Such as:
your hand feels cold.Your hands are cool to the touch.
nothing feels right in our new house.In our new house, everything felt wrong.
Note that although this usage has a passive connotation, it is not used in the passive voice; It is also not used in the continuous tense and is generally not followed by to be. Such as:
The satin is soft and smooth to the touch.
False: Silk is felt soft and smooth
False: silk is feeling soft and smooth
False: silk feels to be soft and smooth
Positive: silk feels soft and smooth
Compare synonyms:
Marble is smooth to the touch.
Positive: Marble feels smooth
Positive: Marble is smooth to the touch(2) Used as a verb in the sense of substance.
1) It can be followed by a compound structure of the infinitive as the object, where the infinitive does not carry to. Such as:
she felt the tears roll down her cheeks.She felt tears run down her face.
i felt something crawl up my arm.I felt something crawling up my arm.
It is also usually followed by the compound structure of the present participle, so roll, crawl in the above two sentences can also be replaced by rolling, crawling.
Compound structures of past participles may also be used sometimes as needed. Such as:
he felt a great weight taken off his mind.He felt like he had lost a big thing.
However, if the infinitive is to be, you must keep to. Such as:
he felt the plan to be unwise.He thought it was an unwise plan.
Compare synonyms:
he felt them to be right.
he felt that they were right.He thinks they're right.
they all felt the plan to be unwise.
they all felt that the plan was unwise.They all thought the plan was unwise.
2) When an infinitive, gerund or clause is used as an object, the formal object it should usually be used. Such as:
he feels it his duty to help others.He sees it as his duty to help others.
i felt it a terrible thing that my mother should h**e to toil so endlessly.I felt terrible that my mother was so old and working endlessly.
3) Feel sth and feel for sth have different meanings, the former means "to touch something" and the latter means "to touch and find something". Such as:
the doctor was feeling her pulse.The doctor was giving her a pulse.
he was feeling for the keyhole in the dark.He fumbled in the dark for the keyhole.
Note that feel for sb means "to sympathize with someone". Such as:
i really felt for him in all these troubles.I am very sympathetic to his troubles.
8. Have some characteristics of modal verbs:
1.Usage of h**e to:
H**e to emphasizes the need for objectivity (external force), which can be translated as "have to", and some people call the change of sum number (has to, had to, will h**e to).
eg. soldiers h**e to learn discipline.Military personnel must learn to be disciplined.
2.Usage of ought to:
1) Indicates an obligation or responsibility, suggestion or exhortation, meaning "should".
eg. teachers ought to be honored.Teachers should be treated with respect.
we oughtn’t to take risks.We should not take risks.
2) Indicates inference, meaning "should", "maybe".
ought to + verb form that denotes speculation about the present or future situation.
eg. that ought to be enough food for all of us.That's enough for all of us.
ought to + progressive, which denotes speculation about what is happening.
eg. you ought not to be sitting here. it’s for old man only.You shouldn't be sitting here, it's for the elderly.
ought to + perfect, which indicates speculation about the past.
eg. the table-tennis game ought to h**e finished by now.The table tennis game should be over by now.
3.Had better usage:
Had better means "best", without the change of the number of the number of the non-pronouns, followed by the infinitive without to, and its negative form is: had better not.
eg. we had better go now.You'd better go now.
9. Is the do in place of a verb an auxiliary verb or a verb in the real sense:
The do used to replace the verb is an auxiliary verb, which can also be said to be used as a "surrogate verb" to indicate the action just mentioned to avoid repetition. Take a look at the following example sentences.
do you like beijing?Do you like Beijing?
yes, i do.Yes, like. (do is used as a pronoun instead of like beijing).
i always eat peas with honey. my wife never does.I always eat peas with honey. My wife never eats like this. (does is used as a pronoun instead of eat peas with honey).
But pay attention to the structure of do so, do it, do that, do is not an auxiliary verb, but a real verb, and it is a transitive verb. For example:
she hoped that he would search the room carefully and he did so.She wanted him to inspect the room carefully, and he did.
at night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so.At night, when you try to fall asleep, you rarely fall asleep.
i could run after a bus and catch it twenty years ago, but i can’t do that now.
mr brown goes to the hospital for treatment every week: in face, he has been doing it ever since i h**e known him.Mr. Brown goes to the hospital every week**: In fact, he's been like that since I knew him dependent.
10. Summary of the law of irregular changes in the past tense and past participles.
1. Unchanged: cost, put, hit, hurt, let, cut, set, shut, fit, spit, read, spread
2. I auxiliary structure i---a---u
begin began began.
drink.
sing.
ring hits**.
swim.
sink sank sunk.
The i auxiliary e structure changes to o in the past tense i, and n is added to the original form of the past participle, and t d is double-written in t d
drive drove driven.
rise rises.
ride rode ridden.
write.
hide hid hidden.
ought/aught
bring brought brought.
buy.
think.
fight.
Catch caught caught.
teach.
a---b---a
come come, come.
become become.
run.
ell becomes old
sell sold sold.
tell me.
EEP becomes EPT
keep kept keep.
sweep to clean.
sleep.
At the end, d becomes tspend spent spent spend.
send.
lend loan.
build.
ow —→ew--→own
blow blew blown blow, blow.
know know.
throw throw.
Grow.
draw drew drawn.
fly flew flown.
show→ showed→ shown
eak—oke--oken
break broke broken.
speak.
ay becomes aid
Pay Paid Paid.
Say says.
lay, lay.
ee change emeet met met.
feed feed.
speed acceleration.
Add t at the end, and EA pronouns e
mean meant meant.
deal dealt dealt.
dream dreamt dreamt dream.
a—b—bfind find, find.
feel.
hold and hold it.
hear.
Le**e leaves.
make to do.
h**e Yes.
lose.
sit.
get it.
Stand.
understand.
win.
smell.
dig dig.
stick, stick.
shine shines, shines.
burn.
lead leads.
hanging.
a—b—c (plus n en on the original form).
See saw seen.
take took taken belt.
eat ate eaten.
give g**e given.
fall fell.
beat beat beaten.
shake shook shaken.
mistake Mistaken.
forgive.
a—b—c (add n en to the past tense).
forget.
choose chose chosen.
steal stole stolen.
wake woke woken.
wear worn.
do did done.
go went gone.
Lie Lie is located in Lay Lain
Lie lied lied
Modal verbs. can→ could
may→ might
must→ must
will→ would
shall→ should
Emphasis rules, easy to make mistakes.
stop stopped.
plan planned.
drop dropped drop
nod nodded nodded.
prefer→ preferred→ preferred
control→ controlled→ controlled
regret→ regretted→ regretted
study studied ѧ ѧ .
cry cried.
try to try.
worry worried.
carry carried