ORM is a mapping framework between an object model and a relational database that allows developers to manipulate the database by using object-oriented syntax instead of directly using SQL statements.
Simplify database operations:By mapping database tables to the object model, ORM allows developers to use the syntax of classes and objects for database operations without having to write SQL statements directly. This makes database operations more intuitive and easy to read, reducing the amount of detail that developers need to focus on.
Improve development efficiency:ORM can significantly improve development productivity because it reduces the effort required to write and debug SQL statements. Developers can focus more on the business logic rather than the underlying details of the relational database.
Cross-database compatibility:The ORM masks differences in the underlying database, making it easier for applications to switch between different database systems without having to modify a large number of database dependencies**.
Object-Relational Mapping:ORM simplifies data persistence by establishing a mapping between objects and a relational database so that objects in an application can be mapped directly to tables in the database.
Object-Oriented Programming:ORMs enable developers to combine business logic and data manipulation using an object-oriented programming paradigm. This design method is closer to the expression of practical problems, which improves the maintainability and readability of **.
Transaction Management:ORMs typically provide support for transactions, allowing developers to manage transactions in a higher-level abstraction that ensures data consistency and integrity.
Automated database schema management:ORMs typically provide tools that automate database schema migrations, making database changes easier to manage and eliminating the need to manually write and execute database upgrade scripts.
Performance Optimization:Some ORM frameworks provide mechanisms for performance optimization to improve the efficiency of database operations through caching, lazy loading, and other techniques.
The architecture of an ORM typically consists of the following key components:
Mapping Rules:Define mapping rules between objects and database tables, including attribute mappings, associations, and so on.
Persistence:Responsible for persisting object state into the database, and loading objects from the database.
Query Language:An object-oriented query language is provided that allows developers to query databases using syntax similar to programming languages.
Transaction Management:Transactional support is provided to ensure consistency across multiple database operations.
Database Connection Pool Management:Some ORM frameworks provide database connection pool management to improve the efficiency of database access.
The choice of ORM framework depends on the needs of the project, the developer's preferences, and the performance requirements of the application. Some popular ORM frameworks in Python include SQLALCHEMY, Django ORM, and others.
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