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On March 15, 1958, the Chinese People's Volunteers, who had stood firm on the Korean Peninsula, finally embarked on their way home. In the following seven months, more than 200,000 volunteer soldiers returned to the motherland one after another, completing the major task of withdrawing troops.
The withdrawal was smooth on the surface, but in practice it was fraught with difficulties. The United States has waged a long and arduous struggle with our country on the issue of troop withdrawal.
In the end, the first technology was superior, not only successfully withdrawing troops peacefully, but also through a move, the United States lost face in the international community and regretted it for decades.
What are the difficulties of North Korea's withdrawal? What kind of efforts have you made in the process?
Click to pay attention and walk into the story of the withdrawal of the Volunteer Army from North Korea.
In the eyes of many people who do not know enough about the situation on the Korean Peninsula, it seems that the Korean War lasted only about three years. After the armistice was signed in 1953, the two sides should return to peace and lead their troops back to their homeland. But in reality, the real situation in North Korea is much more tense than imagined. Although the situation on the peninsula has been eased by the signing of the armistice agreement, the US military and the United States are still eyeing the peninsula, and it seems that they are ready to tear up the treaty and march north.
In addition to military threats and intimidation, the US side has also used its own tricks at the diplomatic level. Taking advantage of its special status in the United Nations and the fact that China has not yet entered the United Nations, the United States has initiated relevant discussions on the Korean Peninsula issue in the United Nations in an attempt to abolish the armistice agreement it has just signed and start another war.
Fortunately, as a world-class diplomatic master, he used his diplomatic skills to successfully expose the ugly intentions of the United States in front of all countries in the world, and won the opportunity for fair negotiations for my country.
Although the United States has never agreed to hold fair negotiations with China, fortunately, the Soviet Union, Britain, and other countries are willing to promote a peaceful settlement of the Korean issue and take the initiative to fight for China's legitimate rights and interests.
In this way, New China was able to attend the well-known Geneva Conference, where it was able to negotiate with the United States on the Korean issue. In the end, the United States had to agree to rush to the Geneva meeting to discuss peace on the Korean Peninsula. But in reality, they did not seriously consider returning peace to the Korean Peninsula at all. In the process of preparing to participate in the meeting, they have also signed a mutual defense clause with the South Korean side, intending to establish a permanent military base for the US military in South Korea.
During the Geneva meeting, differences between China and the United States again arose over the North Korean issue. The United States has always hoped to pull the United Nations out of the arena and use its position to win more benefits for itself. However, Japan insisted on not agreeing to such an approach, and in the process, it even issued a call for "all foreign armed forces to withdraw from the Korean Peninsula."
This appeal is undoubtedly the initial manifestation of China's follow-up diplomatic strategy toward the DPRK, and it also laid the groundwork for China's subsequent withdrawal of troops.
After the meeting, the United States still chose to establish a mutual defense system with the ROK and rejected China's proposed plan to withdraw from the Korean Peninsula. In the face of such provocative acts by the United States, the Chinese side is naturally not to be outdone. In November 1953, China and the DPRK signed an agreement on economic and cultural cooperation.
Under the instructions of the agreement, the volunteer soldiers began to help the DPRK to rebuild the homeland and sit in the north to prevent a surprise attack from the United States.
Although the battlefield on the peninsula has stopped, the wounds of war are still there. A three-year war has destroyed the land beyond recognition, and the development of agriculture and industry on the peninsula has been seriously hindered.
And these problems are exactly the problems that the volunteers who remain on the peninsula need to help North Korea solve.
Under the direction of Shiji, countless volunteer soldiers went to the cities and villages in the northern part of the peninsula, and became workers to help the compatriots in the socialist camp rebuild their homes.
Even at that time, the slogan "the construction site is the battlefield" was flowed out, inspiring the soldiers to keep working. After receiving the order of Shiji, the railway troops of the Volunteer Army rushed to the Pyongyang area and began to rebuild the railway in the northern part of the peninsula to provide convenience for the local people and the lives of the people.
Thanks to the hard work of the railroad soldiers, in just over three months, all the railways in the northern part of the peninsula that had been owned before the war were restored. Even, our soldiers have rebuilt all the local bridges, large and small, bringing convenience to the local people.
In addition to building transportation facilities, our soldiers also devoted themselves to restoring urban houses, reclaiming rural farmland, building water conservancy facilities, sports aid, voluntary diseases, and cleaning up the remnants of the war.
In the few years from the time the volunteers received the order to the time when they were all withdrawn from the peninsula, our army built more than 800 public buildings, more than 40,000 houses, and embankments. Facilities such as canals, roads, and railways are even more difficult to measure.
In these years, the military and civilians between China and the DPRK have established a deep friendship, and the two sides are no longer comrades-in-arms in the same camp, but also friends who share life and death.
However, they belong to two countries, and the volunteer troops always have to say goodbye to the Korean land and the Korean people, and they are equally eager to return to their homeland and go back to build their homeland.
The volunteers stayed in North Korea and made great contributions to the local economic and cultural recovery. But there is no banquet in the world, and the volunteer troops will eventually usher in the time to go home. How will our troops be withdrawn, and how will the plan for the withdrawal be formulated?
In fact, in the process of helping the construction of North Korea, the volunteer army units are gradually withdrawing from the country. With the exception of the United States, the support forces of both sides of the confrontation between the North and the South have their own affairs to deal with, and it is impossible for them to be stationed on the peninsula forever. In addition, all countries except the United States hope that the situation on the peninsula can be stabilized. Therefore, since the armistice, the units of the United ** and the Volunteer Army have begun to withdraw step by step.
Three-quarters of our troops have been withdrawn from the country through a formal withdrawal in an open and quiet manner, as well as through quiet action. By 1958, the total number of troops left on the peninsula was about 250,000. Most of the United States has also withdrawn, leaving the United States unwilling to leave the peninsula by virtue of the agreement signed with the South Korean side.
As an independent sovereign country, although the DPRK is very grateful for the efforts of the volunteers, it also hopes that the volunteers will leave their country as soon as possible. In 1956, our ambassador visited the DPRK. The DPRK leader revealed to China and the Soviet Union the relevant agreement on the withdrawal of volunteers.
**After receiving the news from the diplomatic ambassador, even if you understand what Kim Il Sung is thinking.
In 1957, he visited the Soviet Union as a representative of our country and met with the supreme leader of the Soviet side, Nikita Khrushchev. In the conversation between the two, ** mentioned the withdrawal of the volunteers.
As the absolute boss of the socialist camp, the opinion of the Soviet side is crucial. Khrushchev, after weighing the pros and cons, finally agreed to the withdrawal of our troops and gave a positive answer. However, the talks between the prime minister and Khrushchev were only a verbal agreement. The real leaders of China, the Soviet Union and the DPRK discussed the details of the withdrawal of troops in November 1957.
It was the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution, and the leaders of the socialist countries of the world came to Moscow. China, the Soviet Union and the DPRK finally had the opportunity to discuss in detail the topic of troop withdrawal.
In fact, the issue of withdrawal has been thought about for a long time, and this is reflected in the continuous withdrawal of troops over the past few years. In order to assist the DPRK side, China has stationed hundreds of thousands of troops to live on the territory of other countries for a long time, and the cost of food, clothing, and other expenses for these troops is very expensive, which is very difficult for the new China, which has just been founded for a few years.
In addition, the international situation has been accurately studied. At that time, the DPRK already had a mature army of 300,000 and had sufficient self-protection capabilities. After years of confrontation, the situation on the peninsula has tended to ease. Neither the ROK nor the US will launch a surprise attack in a hurry.
Therefore, it was decided to allow all the volunteer units that remained in the peninsula area to return to China and complete the complete withdrawal operation. Kim Il Sung, who was already supportive of the withdrawal of the troops, was very happy with the proposal, and immediately after his return, he convened a high-level meeting to design a plan for the withdrawal of the volunteers.
After that, Jin himself personally submitted the two sets of plans to the chairman through the letter.
One of the two plans is to focus on the DPRK, with the DPRK announcing to the world through the United Nations the news of China's withdrawal of troops. One is the announcement of the withdrawal of troops at the United Nations by the Soviet Union instead of the Chinese side.
But a week later, North Korea sent another proposal.
So what exactly is this solution? ** What kind of moves did you make in response to this plan to make the United States lose face?
The third package sent by the DPRK is a compromise version of the first and second packages. In this plan, Japan will take the initiative to announce the news of the withdrawal to the rest of the world, and then the DPRK will declare its approval, which not only retains the initiative of our country on this issue, but also allows the DPRK to show its right to speak.
But this seemingly very appropriate plan was rejected by ***. **After considering the international situation, we chose to take the initiative to show goodwill to the DPRK side and make improvements on the basis of the first set of plans.
Under the instructions of ***, the final withdrawal plan was carried out. The plan adopted the proposal of the DPRK to withdraw its troops in the first package, but deleted the process of sending a letter to the United Nations, leaving the United Nations organization without giving the organization a chance to end up. At the same time, in the withdrawal plan, Japan promotes reciprocal consultations between the DPRK and the ROK to provide the possibility of independence between the two sides.
The specific withdrawal plan is mainly divided into three steps, and our troops will be withdrawn in three periods: July-September, and the end of the year. The first troops to be withdrawn will be combat units that stick to the front line of the frontier, and the North Korean army will change their defenses. Subsequently, our troops gradually withdrew from the territory of the DPRK.
Such a thoughtful and proper plan was quickly unanimously approved by Kim Il Sung, Khrushchev and others, and finally began to be implemented.
At the beginning of February 1958, the DPRK issued a statement requesting the withdrawal of foreign troops. More than ten days later, under the instructions of ***, the diplomatic mission headed by Mr. Chen arrived in the territory of the DPRK. On behalf of our country, they officially issued a joint statement with the DPRK side, saying that our side will withdraw from the DPRK in three stages.
Because the previous communication process was very secretive, the United States did not get any news at all. With the issuance of the China-DPRK Joint Statement, the United States has always relied on the peninsula and has never promoted peace on the peninsula, and has become a "wicked person" in the eyes of all countries in the world. In terms of momentum, Lao Mei has already lost to my country before he makes a move.
In the face of China, which had the upper hand, it took the United States a long time to figure out the situation on the peninsula. In order to redeem the defeat in the first war, Lao Mei was silent for several months, devoting himself to studying the loopholes related to the peninsula issue.
On 9 April, in the name of the 16-nation joint force, Laos and the United States held a meeting in Beijing to ask China about the withdrawal of troops announced by China and the DPRK. As for why the US-led coalition has always stayed on the peninsula and not left, the United States has always avoided talking about it. Even Lao Mei once again tried to draw the United Nations into the city, hoping that the United Nations would supervise the volunteers.
In the face of Lao Mei's shameless behavior, we quickly made a relevant reply. The representative of our country pointed out sharply that in their response, the United States has always avoided mentioning why the US-led joint forces have always been unwilling to withdraw from the peninsula. In addition, Lao Mei also tried to use the United Nations as its own fig leaf to entangle the volunteers. This is obviously an attempt to divert the attention of the people of all countries in the world, thereby ignoring the sinister intention of uniting with others to carry out illegal activities in the peninsula region and obstruct the peaceful reunification of the region.
Since then, China has had many confrontations with the United States, and the United States has always adhered to a "shameless" attitude and resolutely refused to withdraw troops from the peninsula. After the Chinese side completed the withdrawal of troops step by step as planned, it launched a number of first-class battles with the DPRK side to denounce the dirty behavior of the US-led coalition.
Eventually, under strong ** pressure, all the united ** except the United States left the peninsula region. Although Lao Mei was condemned again and again, she successfully persevered by being shameless. However, they have also fallen into a very bad reputation because of this, and on an international scale, the impression that the United States is "brazen" is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. In this way, the image of the United States, which has been built up over countless years, has been greatly damaged, and it can be described as a loss of face.
And this is all thanks to the fast and swift diplomatic plan, through private communication of the agreement plan, and then quickly and publicly not giving Lao Mei a little time to react.
Therefore, as soon as the news of the withdrawal of the volunteers was announced, the United States had already fallen into disadvantage. One step at a time, one step at a time, Lao Mei finally did not take advantage of this matter, but left an ugly face in front of all countries in the world. China has not only succeeded in reducing part of its military expenditures, reducing financial pressure, and establishing an unbreakable revolutionary friendship with the DPRK, but has also broken the Far East plan of the United States and put it in an embarrassing situation.
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