**Soviet area is located in the remote mountainous area at the intersection of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong provinces, the history of feudal social bad customs are deep-rooted and intertwined, not only long-term impact on the living habits of the masses, but also greatly hinder the development and growth of the Soviet area. To this end, the Zhu Mao Red Army has taken a series of measures to revolutionize the original social customs and cultivate a new, healthy and progressive new social fashion.
Strengthen the cultural and educational transformation of the old and the new. In the process of establishing the first Soviet area, the Red Army attached great importance to the destruction of the old and the new in culture and education, and reconstructed the new form of social customs in the Soviet area. First, it is necessary to strengthen education in Marxist culture. **The cultural education in the Soviet area has always paid attention to the cultivation and training of the communist spirit. Ministries of education at all levels, from the first to the local, were set up in the Soviet districts. The first Minister of Education was Qu Qiubai, and the Vice Minister was Xu Teli. Published and distributed Marxist theoretical readers. In the spring of 1932, the Party School of the ** Bureau of the Soviet District was founded. On this basis, in March 1933, the Marxist Communist School was founded, which was the predecessor of the ** Party School. The second is to explore new ways of cultural education. In order to revolutionize the original social customs, Lenin primary schools, night schools, literacy classes, and Lenin rooms were established in the Soviet districts, and a literacy campaign was launched to encourage women to study and write in schools. Literacy signs were hung on the roadside of the villages in the urban and rural areas of the Soviet Union, and slogans and slogans were written on the walls of the houses. In the subtle life of the military and people in the Soviet area, they realized the ignorance of the old customs and generally accepted the new way of life. The third is to profoundly expose the essence of feudal customs and vices. On October 1, 1928, Circular No. 4 - On Propaganda and Agitation Work stated that it was necessary to "ruthlessly break all feudal and patriarchal reactionary ideas in the countryside, especially in the Soviet areas. In particular, the feudal concepts and customs of women's historical prejudices, such as the three obedience and four virtues, the superiority of men and the inferiority of women, were completely destroyed by the constitution of the Soviet region, and the culture and education of the Soviet region were fiercely criticized, so as to awaken and stimulate women's consciousness and enthusiasm for self-emancipation.
Carry out mass health and sports campaigns. ** The conditions in the Soviet area are arduous and the living standards of the vast number of soldiers and civilians are low, which seriously affects the combat effectiveness of the troops and the ability of the broad masses of the people to resist diseases. In order to raise the level of spiritual civilization in the Soviet area, strengthen the physique of the military and civilians in the Soviet area, and cultivate a new social outlook in the Soviet area, the Soviet area organized a mass sports and public health campaign.
The Soviet region is rich in sports and has many projects. In track and field, there are high jump, long jump, etc.; In terms of gymnastics, there are soft gymnastics, movement exercises, etc. Physical education classes were offered in various schools in the Soviet districts, and a certain number of hours were prescribed. It is worth mentioning in particular that the active participation of women in sports in the Soviet districts constitutes a beautiful landscape. For example, in May 1930, the All-District Games held in Longchi District, Longyan, Fujian Province, women competed to participate. ** In the report of the Second National Congress of the Chinese Soviets, it was specifically stated: "Red sports among the masses have also developed rapidly, and now there are athletic competitions in remote villages, and sports fields are equipped in many places. ”
* The people in the Soviet area retained many bad habits, and the Kuomintang military "encirclement and suppression" led to the unnatural death of people and animals, and the emergence of the plague. Judging from the measures taken to deal with the epidemic, the Soviet region abandoned the ignorant practice of praying to God and shouting souls, and carried out health and epidemic prevention propaganda and popularization while actively treating it. In May 1932, the Soviet District promulgated the Provisional Regulations on Epidemic Prevention in Soviet Areas. In March 1933, the "Program of the Sanitary Campaign in the Soviet District" was promulgated. A health campaign organization has been set up and a wide-ranging mass health campaign has been organized. For example, in March 1934, an epidemic broke out in Ruijin, the core area of the Soviet Union. It was decided to set up an epidemic prevention committee to enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of the epidemic prevention work in the Soviet area and prevent the spread of the epidemic.
Punish pornography, gambling and drugs. Before the establishment of the Soviet Union, the problem of pornography, gambling and drugs was relatively common in the region. Wang Shoudao, Xiao Ke and others wrote in "Memories of the Hunan and Jiangxi Soviet Areas": "At that time, there was a strong atmosphere of opium smoking, gambling, and binding small feet in the Soviet area. In May 1930, ** mentioned in the "Investigation of the Search for Wool" that the business of searching for Wu included prostitution.
At the beginning of 1929, the main force of the Red Fourth Army went down to Jinggangshan to carry out military struggles in the vast areas of southern Jiangxi and western Fujian, and at the same time, they realized the adverse effects of pornography, gambling and drugs on the Red Army. Therefore, at the Gutian meeting, it was clearly pointed out that corresponding measures must be taken organizationally. "Those who have erroneous political concepts, eat opium, make foreign fortunes, gamble, etc., and refuse to change their ways, regardless of whether they are cadres or non-cadres, will be purged from the party. "After the establishment of the Provisional Chinese Soviet Republic on November 7, 1931, the severe punishment of the ** system was increased. For example, the No. 14 Instruction of the Executive Committee and the No. 13 Proclamation of the Provisional Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic clearly stipulate that the cultivation of opium shall be "strictly investigated and severely punished". The staff involved in pornography, gambling and drugs will be administratively dismissed and punished with hard labor. If the circumstances are serious, they shall be executed after a judicial trial or public trial.
In order to cooperate with the eradication of pornography, gambling and drugs, newspapers and magazines in the Soviet region opened special columns. For example, "Red China" has opened up columns such as "Soviet Court", "Commando", "Iron Rod" and "Iron Hammer of the Proletariat" to expose the bad customs of gambling and make public behavior. Chen Zhifang wrote an article pointing out that the ugliness of Peng Yaoting, a military doctor of the 22nd Army, and Peng Guorong, a military doctor of the First Army, "cannot be described in words." They were dismissed from the military after being criticized by the Ministry of Health for not changing their education. The Soviet district severely punished pornography, gambling and drugs, which made the Kuomintang authorities marvel that smoking and gambling were "all banned."
Revolutionize traditional etiquette. The traditional festival etiquette of the Chinese nation is not only diverse in form, but also rich in content, which has a profound impact on social customs. In the process of creating the first Soviet area, on the one hand, the superstitious activities in the original festival etiquette, such as burning incense and worshipping God, were banned, and on the other hand, the excellent elements in the traditional etiquette such as New Year's greetings, respecting the old and loving the young, etc., were upgraded, but more importantly, it reflected the new content of the tenacious struggle of the military and the people in the Soviet area and advocating science. For example, the literary and artistic workers in the Soviet area transformed the traditional song and dance -- "Tea Picking Opera" -- and filled in new words full of fighting spirit, adding to the joyful atmosphere of the festival.
For example, on the occasion of International Women's Day, May Day, Army Day, October Revolution Day, and the anniversary of the Guangzhou Uprising, the Soviet District has to hold grand propaganda activities and theatrical performances. According to the 13th issue of the "Red China" newspaper, on the "March 8" International Women's Day in 1932, a commemorative meeting was held in the ninth district of Ruijin, with more than 6,000 people attending. The vast number of women chanted slogans such as "oppose husbands beating wives," "encourage husbands to become the Red Army," and "Long live the liberation of working women." In the evening, a party was held to perform new dramas such as the way out of working women and the oppression of daughters-in-law by mothers-in-law.