one
Li Lingqi people
The general was in a hundred battles and his reputation was shattered. To the river beam, turn back thousands of miles, the old man is extinct. —Xin Qiji's "He Bridegroom, Bemaojia's Twelve Brothers" The "general" mentioned in Xin Qiji's sentence is Li Ling, the grandson of Li Guang, the "flying general". When it comes to Li Guang and Li Ling, we have to sigh at the strength of genes and the impermanence of fate. Li Ling inherited his grandfather Li Guang's physical fitness, character quality and riding and archery talent, and was the most "flying general" among Li Guang's descendants. Taishi Gong said: Li Ling is strong, and he was elected as the Jianzhang supervisor and the superintendent of the horses. Good shooting, love soldiers. "The Biography of General Li" (After Li Ling reached the prime of life, he was elected as the supervisor of the Jianzhang Battalion and supervised all the cavalry. He is good at archery and loves ** soldiers. However, the servant looks at him as a strange person, filial piety, and faith, is honest and honest, takes righteousness, and has concessions and frugality. Always think hard to ignore the urgency of the country. "The Book of Bao Ren'an" (I observed him as a person, a wizard who could observe his own integrity, serve his parents and preach filial piety, emphasize honesty in his dealings with scholars, be honest in front of money, take righteousness as the criterion for receiving and giving, be willing to give in to different things, be humble to others, and be willing to live behind others, and often want to sacrifice himself regardless of the urgency of being a country. But Li Ling was different from his grandfather Li Guang in that he surrendered to the Xiongnu after the defeat and siege. It was this incident that made the gears of Li Ling's fate begin to turn. 
II. II. II
What is fate
Mencius said: Whoever comes to Mo will also die. Xunzi said: The fate of the festival is fate. "Mo Zhi came" means "I don't want him to come"; "Encounter" means "unintentional encounter". Therefore, in the article "On Fate", Mr. Feng Youlan defines "fate" as "a person's unintentional encounter". So Li Ling's surrender was an unintentional encounter for him? I think it should be. First, in the autumn of the second year of the Tianhan Dynasty, Li Ling followed the general Li Guangli out of Qilian Mountain to attack the Xiongnu Youxian King, who was rushing to kill the enemy for the country and establish meritorious deeds, rather than treason and surrender to the enemy. Second, Li Ling led 5,000 foot soldiers to be besieged by 80,000 Xiongnu soldiers and horses, fighting hard, and his courage shook the heavens and the earth. Shan Yu besieged the Ling army with 80,000 soldiers. The Ling army of 5,000 people, the soldiers were exhausted, more than half of the soldiers died, and more than 10,000 Huns were killed and wounded. and led the battle, fighting for eight days in a row. "The Biography of General Li" (Shan Yu used 80,000 troops to surround and intercept Li Ling's army. Li Ling's army had only 5,000 men, the arrows were shot out, and most of the soldiers died, but they also killed and wounded more than 10,000 Xiongnu. Third, Li Ling tried his best to fight for eight days, but Li Guangli's army was delayed and surrendered. This can blame Li Ling for failing to keep the courtiers' festival, after all, even if he is self-defeating! At least leave a clean reputation. But it can also be understood that Li Ling's surrender was a disappointment that Li Guangli's army was not saved, and a choice to refuse to follow in the footsteps of his grandfather. Perhaps it can also be understood according to Sima Qian's explanation: although he is defeated, he looks at his intentions and wants to repay the Han as he deserves. ("Report to Ren'an") is also a curve to serve the country, an expedient measure. Fourth, and most crucial, point. When Li Ling first descended, it was not clear whether it was a true or false descent. But Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed Li Lingmanmen, and this time, Li Ling was the true descender of Tie Tie! This is also the reason why although Li Guang is a traitor to the Han Dynasty, his descendants did not poke his backbone, but had deep sympathy for him. Three
National hatred and family hatred
The formation of any point of view is closely related to the position on which it stands. From the standpoint of the Han court, Li Ling is undoubtedly a traitor. But from the standpoint of the common people, Li Ling's name as a traitor is somewhat vague. Because Li Ling has tried his best to serve the country, but the country really owes him a debt. First, in that battle, Li Ling's task was to be a target, which was a thankless job that contributed, sent his life and died. The imperial court sent Li Ling to attract tens of thousands of Xiongnu iron horsemen with 5,000 foot soldiers, and its strategic purpose was one: to set up a stage for Li Guangli, the brother-in-law of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and let him sing. Second, Li Ling led the soldiers to risk their lives to set up a platform - attracting 80,000 soldiers and horses of the Xiongnu. So is Li Guangli's drama singing good? No, Li Guangli was defeated. Third, the place where Li Ling's troops surrendered was only a hundred miles away from Juyan, where the Han army was stationed, why didn't the Han army save it? Li Guangli is responsible, but to what extent did Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty protect him? In order to comfort Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian said: Li Ling temporarily surrendered to the Xiongnu, probably to wait until the right time to serve the Han Dynasty. It was understood by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty as deliberately slandering Li Guangli, and Sima Qian was sentenced to corruption. And afterwards, when the situation is unknown, it is even more excessive to behead Li Ling's family. From the standpoint of ordinary people, Li Ling was obviously played by his boss. This is a typical characteristic of feudal society: forcing good people to become prostitutes, but also letting people talk about discipline. Therefore, as long as ordinary people are not morally clean or extremely ignorant, they generally will not feel angry and disgusted by Li Ling's surrender, and will even have some pity and sympathy. As a comparison, there is a general in history who is in a similar situation to Li Ling, but chooses a completely different one - Yang Ye in the Yang family. At that time, the Yang family was besieged by the Liao army in the wolf's heart nest near the Li Tombstone in Lianglang Mountain, Yang Yening died unyieldingly, and died by hitting the Li Tombstone, which was tragic and tragic, and profoundly showed the spirit of Yang Ye's mighty and unyielding spirit to serve the country! She Taijun has a lyric in "Yangmen Female General": Li Lingbei killed my husband. Obviously, Yang Ye hit Li Lingbei and died, how can you say that Li Lingbei killed Yang Ye? In this place, "Li Tomb Monument" has a symbolic meaning. In the same desperate situation, Li Ling is ruined and ruined, and Yang Ye is the soul of the eternal heroes when he dies. This Li Lingbei has become a symbol of moral kidnapping by the feudal dynasty, so She Taijun's lyrics have the meaning of accusation. Four
Afterword
List of high-quality authors The imperial court will have the archway of the imperial court, but the people will also have their own name in their hearts. As ordinary people, of course, we must cherish our family and country and pursue loyalty. However, if you don't have the ability to think independently, and just blindly rely on external moral standards to act, it will be difficult to live out the value of being "born as a human being". If you want to understand how to grasp the degree between the two, I have to recommend Mr. Yang Ming's "To the Conscience". Work hard in your heart and stop at perfection. Just a little see, and friends to encourage!