Happy Chinese New Year's Eve
spring
festival
Chinese New Year's Eve is the last day of the Chinese lunar calendar, a day for removing the old and reuniting the family. "Except", in order to change the old and the new, that is, the meaning of alternation; "Xi", the original meaning is "sunset", and by extension, "night". "Chinese New Year's Eve" means that the old year will be removed here, and tomorrow will be replaced by a new year.
In the hearts of Chinese, Chinese New Year's Eve is the most important day of the year, and every family will put up lights to welcome relatives and friends and reunite.
Origin and customs of Chinese New Year's Eve
Chinese New Year's Eve" originated from the "expulsion" of the pre-Qin period. At the end of each year in the Zhou and Qin periods, the ceremony of "Dada" was held in the imperial palace, and the ghosts of the plague were expelled by drums, which was called "expulsion". According to the record of "Lü's Spring and Autumn and Season Winter Chronicles", the ancients beat drums to expel the "ghosts of plague" on the day before the New Year. This is the origin of "Chinese New Year's Eve". The earliest mention of the name "Chinese New Year's Eve" is the local customs and customs chronicle "Fengtu Ji" written by the Western Jin Dynasty.
The custom of Chinese New Year's Eve is related to the legend of "Nian". Legend has it that in ancient times, there was a fierce beast called "Nian". It has a hideous appearance, a natural nature, and feeds on all kinds of beasts. At the end of each year, they will break into villages and places where people live, hunting people and livestock, which makes people talk about the color of "Nian". People counted the days when the "year" was raging, and regarded this terrible night as a pass, and called it the "year pass". After many years of struggling with Nian, it was discovered that the beast was afraid of three things: red, fire, and sound. So on this day, people hung red peach boards on their doors, lit fires at the doors, lit candles or oil lamps, and the whole family ate "Chinese New Year's Eve Dinner" together, staying up all night, knocking and beating, hoping to pass the "New Year's Pass" safely.
Nian "broke into the village, saw the red and fire in every house, heard the sound of the earth, and ran back to the mountains in fright. As the night passed, people congratulated each other and celebrated their victory. In the future, every winter at this time, every household will paste red paper couplets on the door, light lanterns, beat gongs and drums, and set off firecrackers and fireworks; At night, an all-night vigil; The next day, they congratulated each other early in the morning. In this way, it has been passed down from generation to generation, and it has become the "New Year".
These customs have been passed down from generation to generation and have become what we see today:
Paste the couplets
The Spring League originated from the ancient peach charm, Ying Shao's "Customs and Customs" and Zong Wei's "Jing Chu Years Record" all have peach charms on Chinese New Year's Eve. In the Song Dynasty, hanging peach charms during the New Year was a common folk custom. "Tokyo Menghualu" contains: "In the near New Year's Festival, the market is printed and sold door gods, Zhong Kui, peach boards, and peach charms. "The poem is inscribed on the peach symbol, and the legend begins with Meng Chang of the fifth generation of Hou Shu. The couplet he wrote, "New Year's Yuqing, Jiajie Changchun" has become a promiscuity of Spring Festival couplets. Since the Ming Dynasty, people began to write couplets on red paper and post portals on Chinese New Year's Eve, completing the evolution from peach charms to spring couplets, mainly used to express aspirations, emotions and wishes, and with the function of Najib welcoming auspiciousness and the festive and warm atmosphere to become the New Year's symbol that the people like to see.
Keep the year
The ancients said that Chinese New Year's Eve is "two years old in one night, and two years in five years". Chinese New Year's Eve is one of the most important celebrations. Keeping the New Year is the custom of staying up late to welcome the arrival of the new year without sleeping on the last night of the old year, also known as "staying up in the New Year". The custom of keeping the year has a long history, and the "Records of the Wind and Soil" in the Western Jin Dynasty said: "Until Chinese New Year's Eve, the year is not sleepy, which is called keeping the year." "Keeping the New Year, nostalgic for the old year and welcoming the New Year, there is not only nostalgia for the passing years, but also for the coming New Year.
Have a Chinese New Year's Eve dinner
As the highlight of the Chinese New Year's Eve New Year's Day, every family has to prepare a sumptuous Chinese New Year's Eve meal, which symbolizes reunion Chinese New Year's Eve, condenses the family affection, and contains the unique taste of a family, also called "reunion dinner" and "family carnival". In the hearts of us Chinese, everyone has a Chinese New Year's Eve dinner that belongs to their own family. On Chinese New Year's Eve, northerners make dumplings and southerners make rice cakes. The shape of the dumplings resembles "ingots", and the sound of rice cakes resembles "Nian Gao", which are good omens of good luck. Because "fish" and "yu" have the same sound, and symbolize auspiciousness, "no fish can not be a feast", and Chinese New Year's Eve to eat Chinese New Year's Eve, the dish of fish can not be eaten, which means that there is more than every year.
New Year's Eve
When keeping the New Year, the elders also have to give the younger generations New Year's money. "Sui" and "Zhen" are homophonic, and the elders hope that the New Year's money can drive away evil spirits and avoid disasters, and bless children with peace and healthy growth. The earliest "New Year's money" appeared in the Han Dynasty, called "winning money". This coin is not meant for circulation, but rather as an ornament in the shape of a coin that can be seen and worn. The front of "Winning Money" is generally cast with auspicious words, such as "Four Seasons Peace", "Travel Daji", "Family Anshun" and other words; On the back, there are various patterns of folk beasts and auspicious birds, such as dragons and phoenixes, turtles and snakes, double fishes, fighting swords, star fights, bats, deer, etc. During the Spring Festival in the Song and Yuan dynasties, the elders would give some copper coins to the children and let them play with them in order to seek peace and auspiciousness, and this custom has been spreading. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the official name of "New Year's money" was given, and "New Year's money" was worn on the body like a jade pendant to become a kind of ornament to ward off evil spirits and keep peace. In the ** period, the evil function of the "New Year's money" accessories officially withdrew from the historical stage and was replaced by real currency.
Make dumplings
The most popular Chinese New Year food in the north is dumplings. In the Song Dynasty, dumplings were called "slots", or "water corners"; In the Yuan Dynasty, it began to be called "flat food"; Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the word "dumpling" has been widely used. "Dumplings" is homophonic to "Jiaozi", that is, the meaning of Jiaozi, symbolizing the arrival of the Spring Festival. Making dumplings on Chinese New Year's Eve, people start to cook dumplings as soon as the time passes by, making them the first meal of the new year, also known as "dumplings on the first day of the new year", taking the meaning of alternating between the old and the new, and "changing the age of the child".
Chinese New Year's Eve poems
Keep the year
Song Su Shi
If you want to know that you are dying, it is like going to a snake.
Half of the scales are gone, so I don't care who can cover them.
If you want to tie it to the end, although you know what to do.
The children do not sleep, and they keep vigil and rejoice in each other's nights.
Don't sing in the morning, but even more fearful.
Sit for a long time and see the Beidou oblique.
There will be no year next year, and I am afraid that my heart will be ruined.
Try your best tonight, the young man can still boast.
"Yuan Ri".
Song Wang Anshi
In the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tusu.
Thousands of households always replace the new peach with the old one.
"Removing the Night Snow".
Song Lu You
The north wind blows the snow at the beginning of the fourth watch, and Jia Rui Tianjiao and the year is removed.
Half of Tu Su was still raised, and the grass in front of the lamp wrote a peach charm.
"Jiayin's Miscellaneous Books on the Night (Part 3)".
Ming Wen Zhengming
When people are busy on Chinese New Year's Eve, I pick up old poems by myself.
Mo Xiao's scholar is too pedantic, and his one-year work is a literary word.
This ** is excerpted from "Yanhuang Culture Reader", Ancient Poetry Network, Zhihu Network, Baotu Network, CCTV News WeChat***
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