Feng Hong (?) 438), the word is literalHe was born in Xindu County, Changle County (now Jizhou District, Hengshui City, Hebei Province). The last monarch of Northern Yan during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the younger brother of Emperor Wencheng Feng Ba,Reigned 430-436
Feng Hong followed his elder brother Feng Ba to make contributions as a teenager, and later assisted Feng Ba and Murong Yun in establishing the Northern Yan regime. During the reign of Murong Yun, Feng Hong was named the general of the Eastern Expedition, and concurrently served as the leader of the Central Army and the Duke of Jijun. After Feng Ba ascended the throne, he appointed Feng Hong as the left servant of Shangshu. During Feng Ba's reign, Feng Hong was successively appointed as the general of the hussars and renamed the Duke of Zhongshan. Feng Hong was in charge of the palace guards inside, and was in charge of court affairs outside, and his official position was Situ.
In the twenty-second year of Taiping (430), Feng Ba was seriously ill. Feng Ba's favorite concubine, Madame Song, falsely passed on the holy decree and did not allow the ministers to meet Feng Ba, intending to support her son Feng Shou to take the throne. When Feng Hong learned about it, he personally led the warriors into the palace to quell the rebellion, and killed Madame Song and the prince Feng Shouju on the spot. Feng Bao witnessed this scene and immediately died of fright. Feng Hong then excused himself on the excuse that the crown prince Feng Yi was not serving in front of the emperor, which was unfilial, and he wanted to replace the prince as the heir.
The crown prince Feng Yi led the East Palace guards out of the palace to resist, but was defeated, all his soldiers were scattered, and Feng Hong sent people to force Feng Yi to commit suicide. Feng Ba had more than 100 sons, all of whom were killed by Feng Hong. After clearing all obstacles, Feng Hong took the throne. On the first day of the first month of the first year of Daxing (431), Feng Hong granted amnesty to the world and changed the name of the year to Daxing.
Feng Hong spoiled his concubine and killed his wife, abolished his original wife Wang, and drove his sons Feng Chong, Feng Lang and Feng Miao out of the palace. These three sons were desperate and defected to the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty took a fancy to the ability and prestige of these three sons, and used them very much, and entrusted them with important tasks. Feng Chong was bent on avenging his mother, and with the support of Emperor Taiwu, he led his army to attack Northern Yan many times. And the Northern Wei Dynasty has always wanted to annex the Northern Yan, so it has always vigorously supported Feng Chong's attack on the Northern Yan.
In the fourth year of Daxing (434), Feng Hong sued for peace with the Northern Wei Dynasty, but was rejected by Emperor Taiwu. A few months later, Feng Hong sent his daughter to Emperor Taiwu, still wanting to ask for peace. Emperor Taiwu knew that Feng Hong's favored concubine killed his wife, so he asked him to send Feng Wangren, the son of Murong's favorite concubine (later named empress), to the Northern Wei Dynasty as a hostage. All the ministers persuaded Feng Hong to agree, but he was reluctant to give up this son, so he still refused. As a result, the Northern Wei Dynasty was overwhelmed by large troops, and Feng Hong had no ability to resist, so he could only secretly ask Goguryeo to take him in.
In the sixth year of Daxing (436), the Goguryeo general Ge Lu and others led their troops to greet Feng Hong, and when Ge Lu and others came to Helong City, they took off their rough cloth clothes and brought Feng Hong's sophisticated weapons and equipment to his subordinates. Feng Hong had no choice but to come to Goguryeo with the royal family. After Feng Hong arrived in Liaodong, Goguryeo sent an envoy to comfort him, saying: "Feng Jun, the king of Longcheng, came to the field to rest, and the soldiers and horses are very hard, right?" ”
Feng Hong was very ashamed and angry when he heard this, and answered the envoy as an emperor, and Goguryeo placed Feng Hong in Pingguo, and soon let him move to Beifeng. Feng Hong has always insulted Goguryeo, and after arriving here, his decrees, criminal laws, rewards and punishments are still the same as in his own country. Goguryeo took Feng Hong's attendants and took Feng Wangren hostage. Feng Hong was very angry and resentful about this, and planned to run to the south. Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty asked Goguryeo for Feng Hong, and Goguryeo was afraid of the strength of the Northern Wei Dynasty, so he killed Feng Hong and more than a dozen of his descendants.
Feng Hong's original partner Wang, the year of birth and death, and family history are unknown. After Wang married Feng Hong, he gave birth to three sons. However, Feng Hong later doted on his concubine Murong and her son Feng Wangren, and had no feelings for Wang and his three sons. After Feng Hong ascended the throne, he should have canonized the Wang family as the queen, but he spoiled his concubine and killed his wife, canonized Murong as the queen, abolished the original Wang family as a concubine, and drove him out of the palace together with the three sons born to the Wang family.
Fortunately, Wang's three sons were very filial and capable. They fled to the Northern Wei Dynasty with the Wang family, and the three sons all became important ministers of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Northern Yan was later destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the Wang family and his three sons have been living in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the year of Wang's death is unknown.
The concubine in Feng Hong's act of favoring his concubine and killing his wife was the queen Murong clan he later canonized. Murong clan, year of birth and death unknown, Xianbei clan. Murong was accepted as a concubine by Feng Hong because of her beauty and was extremely favored. The Murong clan gave birth to a son, Feng Wangren, and Feng Hong thought that this son was very similar to him, and loved him the most among all the sons. The status of Murong's mother and son gradually surpassed that of the original Wang family and its son. In 430, Feng Hong ascended the throne, and he deposed the original Wang family as a concubine, and drove Wang and his son out of the palace. At the same time, Feng Hong made Murong the queen and Feng Wangren the crown prince.
Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty took in Feng Hong's three sons who were originally married to the Wang family, and was very disdainful of Feng Hong's behavior of spoiling his concubine and killing his wife. Later, the Northern Wei Dynasty besieged Northern Yan, and Feng Hong wanted to ask for peace. Emperor Taiwu took the opportunity to ask Feng Hong to send the crown prince Feng Wangren to the Northern Wei Dynasty as a proton, Feng Hong was reluctant to give up this son, and Empress Murong cried and pleaded, Feng Hong still rejected Emperor Taiwu. As everyone knows, this move laid the root of Beiyan's demise.
In 436, Northern Yan was destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Feng Hong fled to Goguryeo with the children of his concubines. However, in Goguryeo, Feng Hong still used the emperor's power in a high-profile manner, angering the king of Goguryeo. The king of Goguryeo was also afraid of the threat of the Northern Wei Dynasty, so in 438, he killed Feng Hong and more than a dozen of his descendants. Murong's son, Feng Wangren, died there, but she was not killed. However, what happened to her is not recorded in historical sources.
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