The grain filling period of rice is the key period to determine the yield, but it is also the period when rice is most prone to lodging. Lodging not only affects yields, but also makes harvesting difficult. Therefore, timely and effective treatment methods are essential to ensure high yields and smooth harvesting of rice. In this paper, we will introduce the causes and treatment methods of lodging in rice at the grain filling stage.
1. Causes of lodging in rice filling stage.
1.Poor lodging resistance of varieties: Different varieties of rice have different lodging resistance, and if the planted varieties themselves have poor lodging resistance, lodging is easy to occur at the filling stage.
2.Improper fertilization: Excessive fertilization can lead to weak rice stalks that are prone to lodging. Insufficient fertilization will cause rice to be malnourished and susceptible to lodging due to wind.
3.Effects of pests and diseases: After rice is infected with pests and diseases, the stalks will become fragile and prone to lodging at the filling stage. Such as rice planthopper, sheath blight, etc.
4.Climatic factors: Severe weather such as strong winds and heavy rain during the grain filling period will make the rice plants unable to withstand the pressure and lodging.
2. Lodging treatment method for rice at grain filling stage.
1.Selection of lodging resistant varieties: Selecting varieties with strong lodging resistance, high yield and excellent quality is the most effective way to prevent lodging in rice. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the resistance of varieties to diseases and pests in order to improve the stress resistance of plants.
2.Reasonable fertilization: According to the soil nutrient status and the law of rice fertilizer demand, the fertilization plan should be scientifically formulated. It is necessary to control the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizers such as silicon and zinc to improve the strength of stems and enhance the ability to resist lodging. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the application of basal fertilizer and tillering fertilizer to ensure that the plant grows robustly.
3.Scientific irrigation: Keep the field moist during the grain filling period and avoid long-term deep water irrigation. Reasonable adjustment of the depth of the water layer is conducive to the development of rice stems and the improvement of lodging resistance. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to draining the water before the wind and rain to avoid water accumulation in the field.
4.Pest control: Strengthen the monitoring and control of pests and diseases, and detect and control the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases in a timely manner. Focus on the prevention and control of rice planthoppers, sheath blight and other pests and diseases that are easy to lead to lodging, and adopt a combination of agricultural control, biological control and chemical control methods to reduce the burden on stalks and improve lodging resistance.
5.Chemical control: For tall stalks and lodging varieties, an appropriate amount of plant growth regulators such as paclobutrazol or uniconazole can be sprayed before jointing to reduce plant height and enhance lodging resistance. However, it is necessary to pay attention to controlling the dosage and spraying time to avoid pesticide damage.
6.Artificial support: For rice that has fallen down, artificial support can be adopted to restore its upright growth. Avoid damaging plants and roots, and keep the field well ventilated. At the same time, it is necessary to combine pest control and fertilization measures to promote the recovery of plant growth.
7.Mechanical harvesting: When harvesting, it is necessary to choose the appropriate harvester according to the specific conditions of the paddy field. For paddy fields with severe lodging, it is necessary to use an extended harvester or a segmented harvesting method to harvest to improve harvesting efficiency and reduce losses. At the same time, it is necessary to try to avoid over-crushing the rice field and damaging the plants.
In short, a comprehensive treatment should be adopted for the lodging problem of rice at the filling stage. Management and operation should be strengthened in terms of variety selection, fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, chemical regulation, manual support, and mechanical harvesting. Only in this way can we effectively reduce the risk of rice lodging, improve yield and quality, and provide a strong guarantee for farmers to increase production and income. At the same time, it is also necessary to continuously explore and study new technical measures to adapt to the new challenges brought about by climate change and planting structure adjustment.