In order to improve the survivability and combat efficiency of soldiers, Russia began to explore the concept of integrated combat equipment in 1993, influenced by the active development of the "soldier of the future" system in other countries, and also took into account the rapid progress and wide application of combat equipment in modern warfare, especially the protection of those combat groups and soldiers who perform independent tasks. Therefore, Russia developed the first generation of soldier systems - "Palmicha".
"Palmicha" means "warrior's helmet", and its research and development focuses on individual soldier protection, communications, reconnaissance, engineering and special equipment, etc., aiming to improve the comprehensive technical level of the most advanced equipment.
The "Palmicha" system is developed by the ** Precision Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as the "Precision Institute"), with more than 20 enterprises participating in it, mainly for motorized infantry, airborne troops and some special forces. In 2004, part of the equipment of the troops began. In 2005, during the Sino-Russian joint exercise "Peace Mission", "Palmicha" was demonstrated, and its performance was 1 percent higher than that of the original standard equipment5 times. It is characterized by good versatility, versatility and high integration. It is composed of 5 basic systems such as lethality, protection, control, life support, and energy, covering 11 categories, more than 60 kinds (and more than 50 kinds) of equipment for individual soldiers and teams, including fire strikes (such as 545mm "Abagan" AN-94 automatic rifle, AK rifle or "Pecheneg" machine gun, using new ammunition that can penetrate body armor and light armor, etc.), reconnaissance and surveillance equipment (such as navigation, compass, night vision goggles, etc.), communication equipment (such as portable "elevated canal" radio station, etc.), protective equipment (such as "breastwall" bulletproof vest, which can withstand bullets fired by AK-74 rifles within 10 meters, "Pollit-" universal bulletproof helmet, universal tactical vest, etc.), Life support systems (such as fire extinguishing equipment, backpacks, sleeping bags, raincoats, blankets, pillows, backpacks, cloaks, summer and winter military uniforms, food, heaters, water filters, medical supplies, engineering equipment, etc.), parachute equipment, shift and special equipment, etc. Its portable radio station can realize wireless and confidential communication between companies, platoons, squads, and individual soldiers. The weight of the full set of equipment "Palmicha" is between 43 52 kg.
The Ballicha Universal Tactical Vest is model 6SH112, and its "Marksman" type basic set includes: 1 basic vest, 2 packs for 2 AK-74 (AKM) rifle magazines and 1 flare, 2 packs for 2 AK-74 (AKM) rifle magazines, 4 grenade packs for Defensive Grenades RG, Offensive Grenades RGN, Long Range Grenades RGD-5 and F-1 Fragmentation Grenades, 2 Universal Packs, 1 Small Infantry Shovel Pack, 1 combat bag, 1 patrol bag, 1 operation manual, 1 ID, 1 set of accessories. In addition, there are "machine gunner" packs, "sniper rifleman" packs, etc.
The "Palmicha-M1" system has a number of other equipment, such as laser detectors, ultra-short wave (or ultra-high frequency) detectors, and medical physiological monitoring systems.
In 2007, the Russian army began experiment-design work on the "Palmicha-" system, which mainly improved the level of protection of body armor and helmets, enhanced battlefield situational awareness and command and control capabilities, and also reduced weight.
Warrior "Soldier system."
Compared to the American "Land Warrior" and the French Felin soldier system (the world's first soldier system to equip troops), the Russian "Palmicha" soldier system has advantages in terms of protection systems, but is otherwise less technological, backward in performance, and weighs 10 20% more than Western products. It only integrates the useful equipment that soldiers need, and does not bring about revolutionary changes. Therefore, on the basis of the "Palmicha" system, Russia has made improvements and developed the second-generation soldier system - the "Warrior" soldier system.
The "Warrior" soldier system, that is, the "Warrior" combat equipment, is a major modernization program of the Russian army, which was developed by the Institute of Precision at the beginning of the 21st century, the chief designer is Vladimir Repin, and more than 50 Russian research institutes and production enterprises are involved in this project, including the "Scientific Research Institute", the "Special Technology and Communications" scientific research and production complex and the "Special Materials" scientific research and production complex.
During the research and development process, former Defense Minister Serdyukov wanted to buy several Felin soldier systems from France, because he believed that the French system was better designed than the domestic defense industry. However, the cost of the Felin system was too high, and later he was dismissed, and Russia decided to develop it on its own.
In August 2011, the Russian "Warrior" system made its debut at MAKS-2011 (the 10th Moscow International Air Show). Russian infantrymen, scouts and vehicle drivers have already used the "Warrior" soldier system in daily combat training, and some companies have also conducted tactical exercises.
Troop trials were conducted from 2012 to 2013 and included participation in the exercises "Caucasus-2012". The results of the tests showed that the "Warrior" system was not only no worse than the Felin system, but also surpassed the Felin system in a number of indicators. In the summer of 2013-2014, 12 units participated in state trials of the Warrior system.
The combat equipment of the "Warrior" consists of 5 major systems and more than 10 subsystems such as protection, control, life support, ** and energy support, which are divided into winter and summer versions, and the system of general complexity has 59 components (there are about 100 components in the design stage, 40 were determined to participate in the test in 2012, and the rest of the components were completed in 2013).
The protective system consists of about 20 components, such as bulletproof vests, bulletproof helmets, protective glasses, protective clothing, and hearing protection components, which can protect soldiers from lethal and non-lethal attacks (sound, tear gas, heat, etc.), and also have anti-virus functions. The winter version also has insulation and heating equipment. The "Warrior" protective suit is breathable, waterproof and moisture-insulating, can be worn for 48 hours, and can be easily attached or removed. The modular design allows a variety of pockets to be attached to the vest. At the end of service, worn clothes are issued to recruits after they are cleaned and decontaminated.
The standard "Warrior" protection system consists of a level 5 protective suit and a bulletproof vest and weighs about 10 kg; The heaviest assault body armor with an extended configuration consisting of a helmet and a 6B43 bulletproof vest with protection class 6A (including ceramic inserts and shoulder and hip padding) with a total weight of approx. 20 kg.
There are two types of "Warrior" bulletproof vests, of which the standard version weighs about 7 kg, which is significantly lighter than the previous generation; The assault version weighs 15 kg and can achieve up to level 6 protection. The bulletproof vest has a built-in quick-release system that is easy to use, lightweight, and easy to put on and take off. When opening the clothes for a wounded fighter, it was only necessary to pull the release device (previously it was necessary to remove the bulletproof vest from the head or cut the belt). When a soldier falls into the water, the combat equipment is taken off in an instant, which is extremely necessary for survival.
Equipped with troops in 2010, the 6B43 bulletproof vest protects against bullet attacks on the chest, back and sides, as well as damage to the groin and shoulders from fragments. Composite ceramic bulletproof inserts protect against bullets fired from SVD rifles from a distance of 10 meters. In case of a bulletproof plate, the bulletproof vest still has a supplementary protective plate, which is made of bulletproof fabric - "Rusal" ( . The bulletproof vest also has a cushion plate, which distributes the momentum in the event of an impact, reducing the damage caused by the bullet to the soldier's entire body.
The 6B47 helmet of the Warrior "Soldier System is a new multi-layer helmet with a three-layer structure: the outer layer is composite, the discontinuous fabric material, and the inner layer is also composite. The advantage is that the shock wave of the bullet is dispersed as if it were hit on an elastic deformed material. The shell is bent within the allowable value, but is still intact. The helmet is lightweight, with a total weight of 1,060 grams, which is not inferior to foreign "heavy" helmets. It can withstand the impact of a 9 mm pistol bullet fired from a distance of 5 meters (protection level 1), and the fragmentation kill rate is about 50% with an initial velocity of 630 meters and a protection of about 50 meters.
It is recognized as the lightest and strongest helmet used by military personnel around the world in contemporary times. The DuPont test center in Geneva came to the conclusion that the 6B47 helmet of the Russian "Warrior" system is the best protection for combat soldiers on the battlefield.
The first generation of protective glasses was produced by the company "Talisman Armor" and was able to protect against fragments with a size of 6 mm and a muzzle velocity of 350 m/s. The weight of protective glasses is less than 160 grams; The protective area is greater than 13 square decimeters.
The suit contains a sturdy and lightweight protective plate that protects the torso, neck, hands and shoulders from low-velocity fragments fired from cold weapons. It has strong protective properties, light weight, and does not hinder movement. The "Permiyak" protective clothing is made of the latest aramid fiber, which can prevent the damage of 1 gram weight and 140 meters of muzzle velocity to the soldiers, and can also prevent open flames for up to 10 seconds. The suit itself does not conduct heat, blocks ultraviolet and infrared rays, and is not easily detected by infrared sights. Its protection capacity is 70% higher than that of previous products. It can effectively protect 90% of the body area.
The control system includes communication, identification, information processing and display, orientation and navigation equipment, etc. It allows soldiers to share information, target location, and send and receive commands.
Russia's new C4ISR system, the "Sagittarius" reconnaissance, command and communications system, weighs 24 kg with small receiver and inertial navigation system. It's actually a mobile computer. The system is capable of 1It can be used within 5 km (to meet the communication needs of the entire company) while maintaining radio contact. The system improves the anti-interference ability. With an open structure design, it can be connected to a wide range of reconnaissance, control, aiming and target designation devices, radars, rangefinders, direction finders and UAVs. The system has three levels of configuration schemes: squad leader, platoon commander and company commander. The soldier determines the coordinates by GLONASS and GPS.
The navigation system was developed mainly on Russian software and hardware systems, allowing soldiers to share information with each other and also communicate with commanders. The ability to transmit voice, image, and data in real time allows commanders to adjust their soldiers' movements more effectively. This data can be quickly passed on to the support detachments - artillery and aviation. The identification of friend or foe system is one of the components of a new generation of combat equipment.
The life support system includes backpacks, sleeping bags, raincoats, blankets, pillows, backpacks, cloaks, summer and winter military uniforms, food, heaters, water filters, medical supplies, engineering equipment, etc. for various purposes. These equipment are able to guarantee the survival and combat ability of soldiers in different climatic and terrain conditions.
* The system includes 5 suitable for use by motorized troops45 mm Abagan An-94 automatic rifles, AK rifles or Pecheneg machine guns, using new ammunition that can penetrate body armor and light armor, etc. These ** can improve the firepower and accuracy of the soldier, and can also be connected to the control system to achieve automatic identification and aiming of targets.
Energy assurance systems include batteries, chargers, generators, etc., that provide power to various electronic devices. These devices can ensure the continuous combat ability of soldiers on the battlefield and also reduce the burden on soldiers.
The total weight of the combat equipment of the Warrior "is between 17 20 kilograms, which is more than half less than the system of" Palmicha ". Its protection capability, informatization level, combat efficiency and comfort have all been significantly improved, making Russia's soldier system reach the world's advanced level.