"Leaving the grass on the plain, one year old and one withered. Wildfires burn inexhaustibly, and spring breezes blow and regenerate. "I believe that many adults, even children who have not yet entered elementary school, will recite this Tang poem. The author of this poem is Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty, and when he was 15 years old, he wrote the eternal masterpiece "Farewell to the Ancient Grass".
However, if someone asks you, what does the word "detachment" mean at the beginning of this poem? Can you answer that?
The poem "Farewell to the Ancient Grass" is rigorous, the language is smooth and natural, and the battle is neat and tidy, not only catchy to read, but also the meaning expressed is concise and clear, and you can understand what Lao Bai wanted to say when you read it.
It is said that the ancient plains are covered with dense grass, which wither and flourish every year, and even the fires in the fields cannot burn them, and a spring breeze blows and grows everywhere.
Through this explanation, we will find that the word "separation" in the poem does not represent parting and separation, but refers to the lush vegetation. That's just the surface of it, though.
In fact, this poem not only has the first four lines, but also the last four lines, and the remaining four lines are estimated to have not been heard by many people:
Yuanfang invaded the ancient road, and the clear green connected the deserted city. He sent Wang Sun to go, and he was full of farewell. ”
It is to the effect that the grass in the distance encroaches on the ancient road, and the verdant green in the sun connects the deserted city. I am here to say goodbye to my friends, and the grass is full of parting feelings.
If you look at it from the perspective of the whole poem, then the first four sentences are not as simple as writing scenes, but borrowing scenes to lyric.
Bai Juyi expressed his regret of gathering and leaving through the cycle of spring and autumn withering of wild grass on the ancient plain. Coming and going, gathering and parting are common things in the world, but no one prevents it from happening, so we must cherish the present moment and cherish the people in front of us.
But at the same time, he also used the lush vitality of the weeds to say that friendship will not be burned out, and the future will be long, and there will be a period in the future.
All in all, the word "separation" in Lao Bai's pen refers to the lush vegetation, and it is also a metaphor for the intensity of parting and the undefeated prosperity of friendship.
It is worth mentioning that in addition to Bai Juyi's "Farewell to the Ancient Grass", the frequency of "leaving" in ancient poetry is very high, and there are many different meanings.
The word "separation" first appeared in "The Book of Songs: Xiaoya": "Its chair is actually separated." "To the effect that the tall paulownia and catalpa trees are full of fruit and weigh down the branches.
Among them, "detachment" means to be fruitful.
Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty wrote in "Nine Sighs: Thinking of the Ancients" that "I was sad and my heart was detached." Here, "detachment" represents the meaning of tearing, denoting a feeling of grief. It can be seen that since the Han Dynasty, the original meaning of "separation" has changed from the flourishing of plants.
After the Tang Dynasty, the meaning of "leaving the plain" was more abundant, and there was "leaving the grass on the plain" that represented the flourishing of grass and trees; There is also a representative overlapping "night peak He leaves, the moon falls on the bottom of the rock." This poem comes from Li He's "Long Song and Short Song", which says that the mountain peaks in the night are undulating and overlapping, but the bright moon only shines on the bottom of the valley.
In addition, there is a vague "chaotic fluorescent light, the shadow of the trees is separated." This poem is written by Lu Lun; There is also a representative of grief "Leaving the empty sorrow, and holding the false alarm." From Han Yu's "Autumn Poems".
Later, the word "detachment" in most poems was related to luxuriation, basically referring to the flourishing of plants.
Bai Juyi was born in the middle of the Tang Dynasty and was a "poetic demon" tempered by troubled times.
In 772 AD, Bai Juyi was born in a bureaucratic family in Henan Province. At this time, the Tang Dynasty was in the period of the "Anshi Rebellion", and the prosperity of the era was declining.
Soon after Bai Juyi was born, turmoil broke out in Henan, and the local warlord Li Zhengji rebelled in Henan, implicating the people of more than ten states, causing the people to live in poverty.
When Bai Juyi was 2 years old, Ren County's grandfather died of illness in Chang'an, and then his grandmother passed away one after another.
When he was 10 years old, Bai Juyi's father sent the family to Fuli in Suzhou for refuge, and a year later, the family fled to Yuezhong.
It can be said that Lao Bai's childhood was spent in the war in the feudal town, and along the way, he saw with his own eyes that the people everywhere were displaced by the war, and he was very sad, so he set up the ambition and determination to save the country and save the people.
However, due to the impact of the rebellion, it has been difficult to carry out scientific research throughout the country, so even if Bai Juyi has the heart to serve the country, there is no way. In 786 AD, 14-year-old Bai Juyi learned that Jiangnan had opened a Jinshi department, so he studied hard.
It is said that Bai Juyi is very obsessed with reading, and often reads sores in his mouth, turning the book until his hand comes out of the calloon, and at the age of fourteen or fifteen years old, he has a white boy's head.
It was in 786 and 787 A.D. that the young Bai Juyi wrote the poem "Farewell to the Ancient Grass" in the process of taking the exam. According to the rules of the scientific examination, the word "endowment" must be added in front of all limited test questions, so the poem itself is called "Farewell to the Ancient Grass".
But who would have thought that as soon as this poem came out, it directly became Wang Bang, and the ministers and great poets of the Tang Dynasty who were responsible for screening candidates were all convinced, especially the sentence "Wildfires can't be burned, and the spring breeze blows and grows" has become a swan song for the ages.
In the winter of 802 AD, the 30-year-old Bai Juyi went to Chang'an to participate in the imperial examination, at that time, he not only went to high school in one fell swoop, but also met a close friend - Yuan Zhen. Subsequently, both of them entered the official career. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang at the age of 75.
Bai Juyi, an aspiring young man who is known as the three major poets of the Tang Dynasty along with Li Bai and Du Fu, has been writing poems all his life in order to reveal reality. Among his more than 3,000 existing poems, most of them mainly reflect the suffering of the people and criticize current affairs.
So, which of Bai Juyi's poems do you still like?
February** Dynamic Incentive Program