On January 5, 1946, China** officially recognized the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic and established diplomatic relations with it shortly thereafter. Since then, Outer Mongolia has become an independent state, separated from the territory of China.
Despite the fact that the Mongolian nationality has always been a member of the big family of the Chinese nation in the long history. Therefore, the question of Genghis Khan's nationality has always been controversial.
Is he a Mongol or a Chinese?
The core is that whether Mongolia belongs to China is an important factor in determining whether Genghis Khan is Chinese. To answer this question, we need to consider the conditions for being an ancient Chinese: first, to be born and live within the territory of the ancient national regimes, and second, to be born and live within the territory of modern China.
As long as these two conditions are met, regardless of skin color and faith, they can be called Chinese. So, does Mongolia belong to China? The answer is based on the historical background of whether Genghis Khan's ancestors were Chinese.
Genghis Khan belonged to the Mongol ethnic group, and its earliest history can be traced back to the "Donghu" in the pre-Qin period. In the fourth century AD, a powerful tribe called the Khitan was founded, and one of its branches was called "Murwei", which gradually became independent in the course of its development and changed its name to "Tatar".
Later, the term Tatar gradually became a general term for the various tribes of Mongolia, and the Mongolian tribe was a small branch of the Tatar. Through historical development, the Mongol tribes gradually got ahead of other tribes and succeeded in unifying the steppes, so later people stopped calling them Tatars and replaced them with the word Mongol.
Therefore, the Mongols came from this, and if Mongolia belonged to China, then Genghis Khan was naturally the ancestor of China.
In ancient China, Mongolia had a close relationship with the Central Plains Dynasty as an independent power. Beginning with the Qin Dynasty, the Monan region was gradually incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty further unified the Monan and Mobei regions, which became part of the ancient Chinese territory and also became part of Chinese history.
Although the Mongolian region was later occupied by the Khitans, this did not affect the identity of the Mongolian people and the regime they established still belonged to China. In order to prove this, it is necessary to analyze from the various historical periods after the Tang Dynasty, whether it is the ancestors of the Mongols or their descendants, they are all authentic Chinese, so the identity of Genghis Khan is self-evident.
Later, the Central Plains fell into chaos, and the various minority regimes began to conquer each other, although a unified regime was never established, but the Mongol tribe Temujin unified the tribes on the Mongolian plateau, established the Great Mongolian State, and began to conquer the two regimes in the Central Plains.
Because of the geographical location, Temujin led the Mongolian iron cavalry to attack the Jin Kingdom in the north first, and gradually occupied most of the territory of the Jin Kingdom, and the survival of the Jin Kingdom has been extinguished in name only.
After the capture of the Jin Kingdom, Temujin had the military support and access to attack the Song Dynasty in the south, and finally succeeded in unifying the Central Plains. However, Temujin's ambitions did not stop there, and his goals also included the places where other ethnic minorities lived.
After the destruction of the Song Dynasty, he successively eliminated Western Xia and Dali, and reunified Tibet. After all this, the Yuan Dynasty was officially established and became the largest dynasty in Chinese history, with its territory covering the east as far as Liaozuo, the west pole quicksand, the north beyond the Yin Mountain, and the south of the sea surface.
The Yuan Dynasty established the Lingbei Province on the Mongolian Plateau to govern it. For nearly a hundred years from the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty to its demise, the Mongolian Plateau remained the territory of the Yuan Dynasty. Although the Yuan Dynasty was not founded by the Central Plains peoples, it was still a part of Chinese history and a regime established on Chinese soil, therefore, we can say that it was a Chinese regime.
The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty insisted that they were descendants of their Chinese ancestors and recognized themselves as part of the Chinese nation, and they embraced Han culture and identified with Chinese ancestry in their political system and living culture.
Even during the pre-Qin to Tang dynasties, the relationship between Mongolia and China was not close, but the history of the Yuan Dynasty fully proves that the Mongols, who had fully integrated into Chinese society at this time, were the undisputed Chinese.
Since Temujin was also considered Chinese as the founder of the unified regime, the Yuan Dynasty established by him was naturally also a Chinese regime. Therefore, Mongolia is undoubtedly part of China.
Relations between Mongolia and China were not easily severed, and despite the establishment of the Ming Dynasty after the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia remained complicated. Ming Chengzu Zhu Di's Five Expeditions to Mobei successfully recovered most of the Mongolian Plateau, and at this time the Mongolian tribes were left with only the remnants of the Northern Yuan and the Mongolian aborigines.
Before the Ming Chengzu Zhu Di's five expeditions to Mobei, the Mongolian tribes were mainly divided into two parts, East Mongolia mainly lived in the original Mongolian Plateau, and Western Mongolia lived in the farther Moxi region.
Although Eastern and Western Mongolia were far apart, they were always related by marriage, and were later reunited into six tribes by Dayan Khan. The relationship between the Ming Dynasty and the Mongols was not clear, and when it was strong, it would be submissive, and when it was weak, it would rebel and stand on its own, but in any case, for nearly 300 years, the Mongols were submissive for the same period as the Yuan dynasty.
After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty completed the unification of China, had a deeper understanding of other ethnic minorities, and the process of conquest and unification went smoothly. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, Mongolia was incorporated into its territory, and the Qing rulers adopted a divide-and-rule approach, dividing the Mongolian plateau into Inner and Outer Mongolia and settling various tribes.
The Qing ruled the Central Plains for nearly three hundred years, and they recognized Han culture and identified other ethnic minorities as Chinese. China inherited the territory of the Qing Dynasty, and Mongolia was a part of it and could not be divided.
The successive feudal regimes, whether Han or ethnic minorities, believed that the ethnic groups living within their borders were the Chinese nation and the Chinese. "The Book of Songs" once mentioned: "The world is big, it is not the king's land, and the shore of the land is not the king's minister." ”
Therefore, all the land where the Chinese nation has lived for generations is Chinese territory. The historical development of Mongolia proves that both the Mongols before the establishment of Mongolia and the various tribes and unified regimes after the establishment of Mongolia were established on Chinese soil, and they all recognized themselves as part of the Chinese nation and worthy of the name Chinese.
Outer Mongolia is the same Chinese nation, and for hundreds of years, it has been like a family. However, due to pressure from the Western powers, they were also unable to return Outer Mongolia to China.
The situation in Outer Mongolia improved, Western countries were involved in wars, and Outer Mongolia became less influenced by other countries. After the tribes discussed, the secret letter was handed over to the envoy of Kulun Town**, the autonomy was cancelled and the old system was restored, and the Chinese **** learned of the recall** to return to Beijing, and Xu Shuzheng led the troops to put the living Buddha VIII of Outer Mongolia under house arrest.
In November of the same year, Outer Mongolia submitted an application to China, requesting that the entire territory of Outer Mongolia be cancelled and returned to China.
The initial situation did not last long, and China soon fell into an ongoing civil war, with warlords scrambling for power and ignoring Mongol independence. At first, Mongolia's independence was not recognized by the world powers, but the Yalta Conference finally made Mongolia out of the Chinese territory.
Judging by the world situation at that time, the independence of Mongolia was inevitable. With its strategic location, Mongolia has always been an important military base, and it is an important barrier against foreign enemies, and it is a rare and good place.
In addition, Mongolia's abundant natural resources, especially mineral resources, are essential for the country's development. For the sake of world peace, Mongolia at this time could only be independent and exist as a neutral country to ensure the security of its natural resources and the peace of the world.
Therefore, Mongolia's independence is the need of the times and a necessary choice for maintaining world peace. Although Mongolia has disappeared from China's territory, the emotional ties between the Mongolian people and the Chinese people have not been broken, and thousands of years of cultural integration have integrated the Mongolian people into the Chinese nation.
Although Mongolia is not a part of China, as a neighbor of China, the relationship between the two countries is very friendly, and the border line has become a testimony to the friendship between the two countries. Since then, both the people and the new China have maintained good diplomatic relations with Mongolia, and there are many cooperation projects and exchanges between the two countries.
In recent years, China-Mongolia relations have become closer and more frequent. Of course, if one day Mongolia wants to return to the bosom of China, China will welcome it.
In any case, Mongolia is an inseparable part of Chinese history, and Genghis Khan, a generation of Tianjiao, is also a veritable Chinese.
The reason why Chinese culture is profound and long-standing is due to the joint cultivation of 56 ethnic groups. They have lived together on Chinese soil for thousands of years, and despite their conflicts and unhappy pasts, they are all part of Chinese culture and children of the land of China.
Although the independence of Outer Mongolia is a great regret for China, it does not erase the inseparable relationship between Mongolia and China.