Meteorological services and green and low-carbon have entered the decision-making horizon of 17 ministries and commissions to formulate "data elements" actions at the beginning of the new year.
It is reported that the "Data Elements" Three-Year Action Plan (2024-2026) (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan") jointly issued by the National Data Bureau, together with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Emergency Management, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration of Financial Regulation, the National Medical Insurance Administration, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the China Meteorological Administration, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and other departments The above two areas are among the 12 key industries.
What is a data element?
A scholar who studies the theoretical system of digital economy told Wall Street that the so-called data element refers to the fact that data has become the core factor of production in the era of digital economy, and compared with traditional factors of production such as labor and capital, data continues to penetrate and replace the original factors of production, which can optimize and integrate the traditional factors and value chain as a whole, and establish new rules and new formats in the process of reconstructing production relations.
However, at present, in the process of development, there are also problems such as low quality of data supply, poor circulation mechanism and insufficient release of application potential, and the formulation of the Action Plan is to solve these problems in a targeted manner. Shen Zhulin, deputy director of the National Data Bureau, said at the briefing.
This is also summed up as "harnessing the multiplier effect of data elements", and the above two areas related to climate issues are also key areas.
Wall Street has noticed that the data element meteorological service strives to reduce the impact of extreme weather and climate events, supports the deep integration of meteorological data with urban planning, major projects and other construction data, and prevents and mitigates the impact of extreme weather and adverse meteorological conditions on planning and engineering from the source.
Because extreme weather has become a sword of Damocles hanging over the national economy and people's livelihood.
Internationally, the IPCC AR6 assessment report points out four common types of compound extreme events: the early impact type, such as the early heat wave will induce heavy precipitation in the later period;Multi-element symbiotic type, such as extreme warm-dry, warm-wet events;Successive occurrences, such as persistent daytime and nighttime heat waves;Spatial complexity, i.e., a single factor association affects multiple types of extreme events in space. Since the impact of compound extreme events is much greater than that of individual events alone, more and more attention has been paid to related research. The IPCC AR6 assessment report notes that since 1950, compounded extreme events have become more frequent in many parts of the world, including complex flood events in multiple watersheds, and combined weather conditions that induce wildfires.
In China, the relevant data statistics of the National Fire and Rescue Administration from 2019 to 2022 also show that typical disasters and emergencies occur frequently in China, mainly manifested in strong convective weather, precipitation, heavy rain and hot weather, etc., with the number of heavy precipitation being the majority, and the early warning of regional extreme weather and natural disasters is "seven down and eight up". The disasters in April and December were stable, the number of disasters in the Northeast, Jiangxi, and the central and eastern regions was larger, and the disaster areas were obviously in the north and south seasons, and from May to August, they were in the period of typhoons, heavy rainfall, hot and extreme high temperature disasters, and the amount of disasters in 2020 was more, causing harm to the production and life of the masses or safety and health impacts, and bringing direct economic losses or profound impacts to the society.
Taking agriculture as an example, agrometeorological disasters account for about 70% of all agricultural natural disasters, and in the context of global warming, the agricultural losses caused by them are also increasing. According to the Ministry of Emergency Management, in 2022, various natural disasters caused a total of 11.2 billion people were affected by the disaster, 554 people died and went missing due to the disaster, and 242 people were urgently relocated80,000 people;Collapsed house 470,000 rooms, 79 damaged to varying degrees60,000 rooms;The area of crops affected was 12,0716 thousand hectares;Direct economic loss 2386500 million yuan.
"One of the pain points of meteorological services is that meteorological data cannot be fully opened, because there are data security problems, and on the other hand, the amount of computing in the meteorological field is too large, which also leads to the difficulty of matching existing resources, especially the data services of extreme weather involving multiple factors. A meteorologist told Wall Street that the fundamental logic of the Action Plan is to focus on some areas where data elements can play a huge role, so the top-level designers included the scenario of meteorological services in the first batch of decision-making.
It is understood that the data element meteorological service also includes innovative meteorological data products and services, supporting financial enterprises to integrate and apply meteorological data, developing new products of weather index insurance, weather derivatives and climate investment and financing, and providing support for insurance, etc. Support new energy enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency, support wind and solar energy enterprises to integrate and apply meteorological data, optimize site selection and layout, equipment operation and maintenance, energy scheduling, etc.
In addition to meteorological services, according to the deployment of the Action Plan, the value of data elements will also be released on "green and low-carbon" climate issues.
It is understood that the "Action Plan" mainly includes five parts and 23 measures. Shen Zhulin summarized it as: grasp a main line, do a good job in three aspects, implement five major measures, and promote twelve actions. Among them, the 12 actions refer to the 12 typical scenarios that focus on meteorological services and green and low-carbon, and the main line refers to the main line of promoting the high-level application of data elements.
The three aspects of security refer to improving the level of data supply, optimizing the data circulation environment, and strengthening data security. The five major measures mainly include strengthening organizational leadership, carrying out pilot demonstrations, promoting the use of competitions, strengthening financial support, and increasing publicity and promotion.
It is reported that in terms of green and low-carbon, the document requires to improve the level of refinement of ecological and environmental governance, including strengthening the integration and innovation of ecological and environmental public data, supporting enterprises to integrate and apply their own data and ecological environment public data, optimizing environmental risk assessment, and supporting the design of environmental pollution liability insurance and green credit services.
With the continuous improvement of the country's strategic deployment of the digital economy development, the establishment of a public data open platform can form an intermediary and carrier connecting the public data publishing end and the acquisition end. This fundamentally promotes the effective circulation of public data and realizes the aggregation of public data as an innovative element to enterprises. With the entry of such factors of production into the market and enterprises, profound changes have taken place in the industrial structure and enterprise operations. From a macro perspective, the entry of public data into the market as an efficient factor of production can promote the upgrading of the original allocation structure of factors of production and make it match the direction of technological progress.
At the same time, the "Action Plan" also requires to improve energy efficiency, promote the integration and innovation of manufacturing and energy data, promote energy enterprises and high-energy-consuming enterprises to open up orders, scheduling, electricity consumption and other data, and support energy consumption, multi-energy complementarity, gradient pricing and other applications.
It is worth mentioning that the "Action Plan" also requires to improve the level of carbon emission management, support the carbon emission data of materials, auxiliary materials, energy and other materials in the whole production cycle of key products, as well as industry carbon footprint data, carry out product carbon footprint measurement and evaluation, and guide enterprises to save energy and reduce carbon emissions.
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