Sima Qian said in the preface to "The Chronology of the Marquis of Huijingjian"."Taishi Gong read the list to the Benhou, and said: There is a husband! The king of Changsha is called loyal. In the past, the ancestors set the world, and the heroes were not the same surname as the territory and the king of the eight countries. When filial piety is reached, only Changsha Quan, Chan V, with no heirs, has no fault, and is committed to the duties of the domain. Therefore, there are several people who have no merit. ”Wu Qian, the marquis, was the concubine of Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, and he was made a marquis during the reign of Emperor Xiaohui. This made Sima Tan, who was Tai Shi Ling, surprised, if he hadn't read the file of "Liefeng", I'm afraid he would have been unable to believe it. Sima Tan wanted to understand why Wu Qian was crowned a marquis in vain, and he found out the decree of Gaozu Shi, saw the document that especially praised the loyalty of Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, and his son, and after verifying all the historical archives of Wu Rui's family, he wrote this passage, and recorded the historical facts of Wu Rui's descendants as kings and marquis in the "Chronology of Princes and Kings since the Han Dynasty" and "Chronology of the Marquis of Huijingjian".
Wu Rui's father and son, how can they survive and prosper alone with a different surname? Observing their deeds, there seems to be nothing special, and they have no special relationship with the Liu royal family, and their deeds in the "Historical Records" are not much, so that there is no biography of Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, but why can they survive alone and be the king and the prince?
1. Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, passed on the fifth generation of "no later and the country is divided".
Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, has no biography in the "Historical Records", while Han Xin, the king of Chu, has "The Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin", Peng Yue, the king of Liang, has "The Biography of Peng Yue of Weibao", Han Wangxin and Lu Juan, the king of Yan, have "The Biography of Han Xin and Lu Xuan", Wang Yingbu of Huainan has "The Biography of Huang Bulie", and Zhang Ao, the king of Zhao, has "The Biography of Zhang Er Chen Yulie", Zhang Er is Zhang Ao's father, and Zhang Ao is Liu Bang's son-in-law. Of the eight kings, only Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, and Zang Tu, the former king of Yan, have no legends. Although Sima Qian did not give Wu Rui a biography, he still recorded his important deeds in the "Historical Records". Wu Rui was the commander of Poyang County of the Qin Dynasty, he was benevolent, righteous and just, and had the style of a gentleman, so he was called Fanjun, and Fanjun became his name. After Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rebelled, Wu Rui also rebelled against Qin, and the king of Minyue Wuzhu and the king of the East China Sea shook it"The rate of returning to Poyang ordered Wu Rui, the so-called Poyang monarch, to destroy Qin from the princes." It can be seen that Wu Rui is very influential in the south, otherwise, the king of Liangyue would not follow him against Qin.
Pei Gong Liu Bang was on his way to attack Xianyang"When you meet Pojun, don't take Mei Kai, and all, reduce the analysis, Li". Mei Kai led the army and cooperated well with Pei Gong, forcing the two county towns of Xi and Li to surrender, and Mei Kai was meritorious. This was the first time Liu Bang had worked with Wu Rui's subordinates.
After the Hongmen banquet, Pei Gong Liu Bang was forced out of the Qin capital by Xiang Yu. After Xiang Yu entered Xianyang, he killed his son, burned the Qin capital, and proclaimed himself the overlord of Western Chu. "Historical Records: Xiang Yu Benji" describes it like this"Therefore, the prince of Pei was the king of Han, Wang Ba, Shu, Hanzhong, and the capital was ...... Zheng in the southWhen Yang Jun Dubu is the general of Chu and the champion of Chang, Libu is the king of Jiujiang, all six. Pojun Wu Rui led the princes of Baiyue Zuo, and entered the customs, so Rui was the king of Hengshan, and the capital was Yi. ”At this time, Wu Rui and Di Bu, Zhang Er, Zang Di and Liu Bang were all listed as kings, and they were all established as princes by the overlord Xiang Yu for their meritorious service in destroying Qin. When it is said that "Pojun Wu Rui led the princes of Baiyue Zuo", he should refer to the king of Minyue, the king of the East China Sea, and many ethnic minorities in the south who rebelled against Qin, which shows Wu Rui's prestige.
In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, the king of the Han Dynasty"Three lets, no last resort", is the emperor's throne", Wu Rui, the king of Hengshan Mountain, is the king of Changsha, and Mei Hong, the general of the Linxiang Fanjun, has meritorious, from the Wuguan, so the Defanjun". Wu Rui was migrated as the king of Changsha, firstly, because of his meritorious service in destroying Qin, he was already crowned king by Xiang Yu, and secondly, "Fanjun's general Mei Hong has meritorious, from entering Wuguan, so he is a German fanjun". This second article refers to the fact that on the way of Pei Gong's attack on Xianyang, Mei Kaibu and Pei Gong took the initiative to cooperate to win the "analysis and Li". Because of this, "De Pojun", it can be seen that Liu Bang attaches great importance to the kindness of others. In addition, Wu Rui has no personal relationship with Liu Bang. Of course, Mei Kai's matter is not the personal relationship between Wu Rui and Liu Bang.
Hanshu Gao Di Ji First Order" said in the edict that Wu Rui was the king of Changsha"Therefore, Wu Rui, the king of Hengshan, and his son, a brother and son, from the soldiers of Baiyue, to support the princes, punish the tyrannical Qin, have great merits, and the princes are kings. The land that Xiang Yu invaded was the king. It takes Changsha, Yuzhang, Xiangjun, Guilin, and Nanhai Lifan Junrui as the king of Changsha. ”The fief of Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, was as large as five counties. Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, died a year later in Linxiang, and said that the king of Wen was said to be benevolent and loving to the people.
After Wu Rui's death, "Zicheng became the heir of the king". After the failure of the rebellionWith more than 100 people to go to the south of the Yangtze River. Cloth and Fanjun married, so Changsha mourning the king made people cloth, false and dead, lured away Yue, so the letter followed Fanyang. The people of Fanyang killed the villagers of Buzi and destroyed the cloth." Pei Qiuji quoted Xu Guang's note and said: "Biaoyun became a prince, and Wu Rui's son was also. "Table" refers to the "Historical Records: Chronology of Princes and Kings since the Han Dynasty", and when Huang Bu was executed, he was the fifth year of Changsha Chengwangchen. Wu Chen, the king of Changsha, firmly stood on the side of the court and the people on the major event of the rebellion of Tuibu, and made meritorious contributions to the extermination of Tubu, who was killed by the Fanyang people in the field, which also shows that Tubu is unpopular.
Hanshu Han Pengying, Lu Wu Biography IV" describes the king of Changsha"Xu, the son mourns the king's heir. Xu, the right heir of the king of the sub-communist party. Xu, the heir of King Zijing. Seven years after filial piety, he had no children, and the country was excepted. ”
After the heir of King Jing of Changsha, Jia Yi was the prince. "Historical Records: The Biography of Qu Yuan Jia Shenglie" says: "Jia Sheng was the prince of Changsha for three years. Zhang Shoujie said righteously: "The chronology of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty is cloudy: 'Wu Rui's great-great-grandson sent an attack on the king of Changsha. Fu was the king of Changsha for two years. King Jing died in B.C., a year after the annihilation of Han Xin and Peng Yue.
Second, Gaozu was the king of Changsha, Wu Rui, "wrote the order and called him loyal".
Sima Qian said in the "Chronology of the Marquis of Huijingjian"."Taishi Gong read the list to the Benhou, and said: There is a husband! The king of Changsha is called loyal. ’"Hanshu Han Pengying Lu Wu Biography" said: "At the beginning, Wen Wang Rui, Gao Zu Xianzhi, made the imperial history: 'Changsha Wang Zhong, his fixed order' "for the king of Changsha" Decree A" This matter was done by Gaozu, there are archives to check, in the "first chapter" of the order.
What is the content of the "Order A" for the King of Changsha? It should be hereditary king. Why is this order issued? Because of "Changsha Wang Zhong". Changsha Wang Zhong" This judgment was made by Gaozu Liu Bang, and this "loyalty" was not expressed from one or two things, but was derived by Gaozu through long-term observation. From "at the beginning, Wen Wang Rui, Gao Zu Xianzhi" to "Writings for the Order", the King of Changsha showed his "loyalty". Not only was the king of Changsha "loyal" in the past, but Gaozu's judgment was that the king of Changsha in the future should also be loyal, so he "made the imperial history, the king of Changsha was loyal, and his decree was fixed." Gaozu foresaw the loyalty or rebellion of his subordinates, and he once predicted the rebellion of Liu Bi, the king of Wu.
The family of Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, did not disappoint Gaozu, and went through five generations of Rui, Chen, Hui, Right, and Poor as kings, loyal to the Han family, because of the difference "no children, the country is excepted". This is already the last year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. The time of "Ordering A" was when Wu Chen, the king of Changsha. Wu Rui "migrated to the king of Changsha, all of them were in Hunan for a year, and he was called the king of Wen". The Book of Han said when describing the "Decree A": "At the beginning, Wen Wang Rui, Gao Zu Xianzhi, made the imperial history: 'Changsha Wang Zhong, his fixed order'. Its decree was made after Wu Rui's death. Wu Ruizi Wu Chen succeeded to the throne of Changsha, Wu Chen reigned for eight years, and died in the second year of Emperor Xiaohui after Gaozu. "Historical Records: Empress Dowager Lu Benji" When describing the kings of the world after Gaozu collapsed in Changle Palace, he said after counting the nine queens of the Liu family, such as Liu Fei, the king of Qi: "Wu Ruizichen, who is not the hero of the Liu family, is the king of Changsha. Therefore, "Ordering Jia" was when Wu Chen was the king of Changsha.
Wu Chen's heir was the king of Changsha in the sixth year of Gaozu's reign, and there was a year until Gaozu's death. Let Gaozu make up his mind to "write the order armor" to carry the loyalty of the king of Changsha, there will definitely be a major event that specifically shows the loyalty of the king of Changsha, and only in this way will the people of the world be convinced and the future generations will obey it. This should be Wu Chen's "making people cloth" to help the Han family capture and kill the cloth. "When Gaozu struck the cloth, he was hit by a stray arrow, and he was sick. Very sick. And died of this wound, the blow to Gaozu was fatal. Therefore, the "Decree A" should be in the twelfth year of Gaozu after the extermination of the cloth.
After Gaozu set the world, the king with a different surname was rebellious, and he was annihilated, and "made an agreement with the minister, saying, 'If you are not the king of the Liu family, the world will fight together'" "This agreement should be made before the Wu Rui family" Decree A, "Decree A" is a supplementary provision to this agreement. "If you are not the king of the Liu family, the world will fight against it" made the only surviving king with a different surname, Lu Xuan, very uneasy. The emperor sent envoys to recruit Lu Juan, the king of Yan, and Lu Huang was very frightened and hid, "Hanshu Han Pengying Lu Wu Biography" recorded that he said to his cronies"The one who is not the king of the Liu family, the only one is with Changsha Er. In previous years, the Han Huaiyin, Peng Yue, and Lu Houji. Today's illness belongs to Ren Luhou. The woman of the queen of Lu wants to punish the king and the hero with different surnames with things. ”Lu Juan and Liu Bang were born on the same day, and the two families have loved each other for decades, "to their relatives, they are not as good as the one who is married", and Yan Wangshang, who is so close to Gaozu, is so afraid of being annihilated, so what about the King of Changsha, who has nothing to do with the Liu family and the Lu family?
Wu Rui"Migrated to the king of Changsha, all of them were in Hunan for a year, and he was called the king of Wen, and his son became the king's heir." The heir king Wu Chen is not as good as the previous king Wu Rui, but the Wu family is loyal to the Han family, loyal to their duties, loyal to the people, and their family style and temperament remain unchanged. Therefore, " Gao Zu Xianzhi, the imperial history of the edict: ' Changsha Wang Zhong, his fixed order. The Wu family is not afraid because of their straight loyalty. Judging from the fifth generation of the Wu family, the so-called Empress Lu "deliberately wants to punish kings and great heroes with different surnames with things" is just Lu Xuan's doubts and delusions, and if he does not oppose it, he will not be punished. Empress Lu would not love the Wu family alone and hate the Lu family.
3. Emperor Xiaohui named Wu Rui's son Wu Qian as the marquis, and Lu Hou named Wu Yang, the son of Wu Chen, as the marquis of Yuanling.
In feudal society, only the eldest son can inherit his father's position and be the king as a marquis, like Wu Chen, Wu Hui, Wu You, and Wu Cha, they are descendants and inherited the throne of Changsha, while other descendants can generally only be the same as ordinary people, and if they have merit, they will also be made marquis.
Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, not only had his heir hereditary as the fifth king, but also his concubine Wu Qian was also named "Ben Hou" when he was Emperor Xiaohui. Sima Qian said in the "Chronology of the Marquis of Huijingjian": "Taishi Gong read the list and sealed it to the Marquis, and said: 'There is an Eev! The king of Changsha is called loyal. ”Wu Qian is Wu Rui's concubine, and he is only known as the "Prince of Changsha", and Wu Qian is named "Marquis of Two Thousand Households". The marquis passed on for four generations, to the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wu Qianqiu was removed because of the lack of gold.
Wu Qian sealed the marquis in September of the first year of filial piety, and in April of the second year, Zhu Cang, the prime minister of Changsha, sealed the marquis, 700 households. The feudal lords of the Han Dynasty were one of the most important state systems, and although the emperor had the final say, it was not possible to have no actual deeds that could be said and recorded in the archives. The edict of the king of Changsha said: "Therefore, Wu Rui, the king of Hengshan, and his son ......There is a great achievement. This shows that Wu Rui's concubine Wu Qian has contributed to the country, and this "great merit" has its part. The minister of Changsha will never be a marquis for no reason, he can only be a marquis because of his meritorious service to the king of Changsha. Wu Qian and Zhu Cang successively became marquis, and the reason should be the same, that is, they assisted Wu Hui, the king of Changsha, to help Gaozu in the war to exterminate the cloth. The Marquis of Zhucang was less than two years after the destruction of Dubu, and after the Marquis Wu Qian, he must have discovered that he had made important contributions in the process of assisting the King of Changsha before he was crowned Marquis. Wu Qian and Zhu Cang were the only two marquis of Emperor Xiaohui when he actually took power.
When the queen of Lü, "the heir of Changsha became the prince of the marquis", the king of Cheng was Wu Chen, his eldest son Wu Hui inherited the king of Changsha, and when he arrived after Lü, he named Wu Hui's younger brother Wu Yang as the marquis of Yuanling. Wu Yang Feng Yuan Ling Marquis in November of the first year of Lu Hou, this time the marquis has been more than half a year since Lu Chan and other ten people have been feudal, only Wu Yang is alone, there is no problem as a foil, his marquis can only be the due return of his deeds. The Marquis of Yuanling passed on the fourth, to Wu Zhou, because there was no queen and the country was removed.
After the demise of the seven kings with different surnames, the Wu family survived alone for more than one year (the last year of Emperor Wen of Wang Zhiwen, and the fifth year of Emperor Yuan Ding of Hou to Emperor Wu) as the king and the marquis, which is really a unique scenery in the world of the Liu family. Judging from these historical facts recorded in the Qing History, the Han family from Gaozu Liu Bang to Emperor Xiaohui, Empress Lu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wu, ** is sorry for the loyal minister Wu Rui's family? Wu Rui not only destroyed Qin has a great merit, but also in the establishment of the Han family in the world, they are not only loyal to the royal family, but also loyal to the people, Wu Rui is not only respected as "Fanjun" in the cruel Qin Dynasty, to the Han Dynasty his great-grandson is still the king, for the marquis, this is mainly due to their upright family style. "Hanshu Han Pengying Lu Wu Biography" praised"Only Wu Rui's rise, do not lose the right path, so he can pass on the number of the fifth, with no heirs, Qingliu branch, there is a husband, and he is loyal to Lingjia! ”Bangu's praise of the Wu Rui family is correct and worthy of deep thought for future generations!
Wu Rui's family's loyalty to the Han family is related to his personal experience, he is the Qin Dynasty's "Poyang County Order", respected and called "Fanjun", he was the king of Hengshan under King Xiang for four years, and later returned to the king of Han and was named the king of Changsha. Wu Rui, as a **, experienced both Qin's harshness and Xiang Yu's tyranny, he trembled and handled the relationship between his superiors and subordinates very carefully, and only then could the relationship between the government and the people be preserved, and only then could he gain the trust and support of his subordinates and the people. Later, Wu Rui returned to the Han Dynasty, Gaozu was lenient and generous, three chapters of the law, and the benevolent government was "changeable, tireless, and heavenly", which made Wu Rui very grateful, he knew that it was not easy to govern, and knew that it was rare for Han Gaozu to practice benevolent government, so he was loyal to the Han Dynasty and tried his best to maintain, which should be the reason why the Wu family was gifted by the imperial court.
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