1.Leader's Vision: In 1956, the President foresaw that it would be possible to have access to higher education for the entire population, even though illiteracy was still high throughout the country at that time.
He firmly believes that in 100 years, all people in China will have access to a university education. 2.The origin of university education: China's first university of modern significance was the Beiyang University Hall, which was officially rebuilt in 1896 by the Qing Dynasty, which was founded in order to cultivate talents for the feudal ruling class.
Although there were universities at that time, university education in China in the true sense of the word only began after the Xinhai Revolution. 3.University education for all: The President's prophecy of making university education accessible to the entire population was a bold idea, but he firmly believed it was achievable.
He believes that education is an important means to make people better and more capable. 4.The Power of Education: The power of education lies in the fact that it can change people's lives, enhance people's abilities, and make people more capable and knowledgeable to face life's challenges.
** The President's prophecy is about the educational ideal of universal access to higher education. 5.Achieving University Education for All: Although it will take some time to achieve university education for all, with determination and perseverance, we can achieve this goal.
Because education is everyone's right, we should work towards this goal.
Cai Yuanpei, the founder of Chinese university education, cannot ignore his contributions. The predecessor of Peking University, Beijing Normal University, was the beginning of modern higher education in China.
However, even before Cai Yuanpei took over, Peking University was not accessible to everyone. At that time, Peking University was a representative of "either rich or expensive", and most of the students were the second generation of officials and the second generation of wealthy, and the purpose of entering the university was not just to study, but to seek a half-official position.
They often have a servant who serves and kowtows before class. However, Cai Yuanpei's arrival changed all that. His policy of open education gave everyone access to higher education, rich or poor.
He is committed to cultivating people with independent thinking skills, not just for the sake of promotion and fortune. Therefore, it can be said that without Cai Yuanpei, there would be no current Peking University, and there would be no development of modern higher education in China.
Looking back a hundred years, Peking University has been criticized for its chaotic management and corrupt atmosphere. Many teachers and students in the old days recalled that time and could not help but feel worried about the future of the country.
However, a new era is coming. In January 1917, Cai Yuanpei was inaugurated as the president of Peking University, and his arrival made the whole campus excited. Under Cai's leadership, Peking University has successfully reversed its decline and become a nationally renowned institution of higher learning.
The arrival of Cai Yuanpei made everyone feel equal and respected. His gesture of bowing and greeting the teachers and students broke the arrogant posture of the previous headmaster and surprised everyone.
Under his leadership, Peking University has reached a new level and cultivated generations of outstanding talents for the country.
Cai Yuanpei, a well-known educator, is deeply aware of the important impact of education on social atmosphere. Under his leadership, Peking University initiated the organization of the "Jinde Society" to advocate the correct atmosphere of the whole university.
As a member of the Jinde Association, you need to declare your own grade, from a member who does not prostitute, gamble, or take concubines, to a member who does not smoke, drink, or eat meat, and has a clear code of conduct.
Cai Yuanpei's reforms aroused attacks from the old school, but he always adhered to it and established a good trend for Peking University. In addition, he also hired Chen Duxiu, Xia Yuanying, Hu Shi, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Liu Bannong, Liang Shuming, Li Siguang, Wang Xinggong, Yan Renguang, Zhong Guanguan, Ren Hongjun, Li Shuhua, Ding Xilin, Ma Yinchu, Tao Menghe, Chen Qixiu, Wang Shijie and other super luxurious professors.
The academic and political views of these professors are fiercely contested in Peking University, creating an unprecedentedly rich academic atmosphere. It can be said that Cai Yuanpei's reform and influence on Peking University can be regarded as an important milestone in the history of Chinese education.
Cai Yuanpei broke the threshold of teachers and students, and even opened it to audit, setting a benchmark for recruiting female students for the first time. This atmosphere of fierce ideological competition makes students realize that the country and the nation need their efforts.
This trend further influenced society and became an important driving force for the May Fourth New Culture Movement. However, despite the efforts of the wise people of the old society to promote education, university education was still limited to families who could afford it.
** Deeply aware of the importance of education, believes that a country needs to reserve more talents in order to stand on the future. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Minister of Education Ma Xulun was instructed to attach importance to education, especially literacy education.
This is the first step in education.
** Knowing that in order for China to develop from an agricultural country to an industrialized power, it is necessary to promote literacy education for all. Thus, starting in 1950, a large-scale literacy campaign was launched throughout the country.
** once said: "The masses can benefit from learning culture for a lifetime, and if they don't learn culture well, it is largely the teacher's problem." Our peasant compatriots have all worked hard, and they understand that peace and stability are not easy to come by, so they cherish education very much and will not regard it as a face-saving project, but must really implement it. ”
According to statistics, from 1949 to 1965, there were 1500 million people have participated in literacy and amateur schools at all levels, and 1200 million illiterates, and the illiteracy rate has dropped from 80 per cent to 57 per cent.
FigIn October 1949, at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the whole country was 5More than 80 per cent of the population of 500 million are illiterate, and the illiteracy rate in rural areas is as high as 90 per cent.
What is even more worrying is that the vast number of cadres and party members, because they also came from poor societies, also missed the opportunity to receive education when they were young, and some cadres have a very low level of education, and they cannot even write a complete and smooth report.
The people of the time even joked: "If you are not afraid of guns or cannons, you are afraid of writing reports." The evaluation of the literacy campaign is: "The masses learn culture well and benefit for life, but if they do not learn culture well, it is to a large extent the problem of teachers; our peasant compatriots have worked hard, and they understand that peace and stability are not easy to come by, so they cherish it very much, and engaging in education is not a face-saving project, but the key is to implement it." ”
According to a set of statistics, from the founding of New China in 1949 to 1965, there were 1By 1965, 500 million people had taken part in literacy and all levels of amateur schooling, and by 1965 the illiteracy rate had fallen from 80 per cent in the early years of the People's Republic of China to 57 per cent.
A total of 1200 million people. |
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the promotion of the literacy campaign was only the first step in the country's education, and the education of children was particularly concerned. **When he was young, he received a private school education, and the private school teachers praised him for his diligent learning and thinking, and he would get ahead in the future.
However, Mao Shunsheng was not honored by this, and he believed that sending his son to study was to take over the family business. This kind of thinking was the subjective desire of most families at that time, and even many years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, many families still think this way.
Another reason is that sending children to school is expensive, and in the old days, people didn't even have enough to eat, let alone go to school. Even *** himself almost couldn't learn, he learned from his cousin that there was a foreign school in Dongshan, Xiangxiang, teaching new knowledge from the West and adopting radical education methods.
At the beginning, ** wanted to go to a school, but was opposed by his father. Later, under the persuasion of his cousin Wang Jifan and others, he finally decided to go to school.
It's just that Mao Shunsheng is worried about tuition fees, because family expenses are not enough to pay for tuition. Wang Jifan told him that he only needed to pay 1,500 copper coins, and even the food expenses were paid, and he would bear the rest.
Later, Wang Jifan really took out 100 oceans as tuition. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, many peasant families still adhered to traditional concepts and were reluctant to send their children to school. Knowing this, he believes that this is because the cost of education in our country is too high, which makes it difficult to reduce tuition fees.
Even though the state is strapped for funding, he still calls for an increase in the proportion of education funding every year so that all school-age children can receive education. For university education, it is believed that one should not be stingy with spending, because the country needs a large number of talents.
Although universities are currently facing a shortage of teachers, this is only temporary. Universities should encourage students to study abroad and learn about advanced cultures from outside, so that they can become pillars of the country when they return home.
In order to attract more useful talents, universities are even encouraged to pay to send students to study abroad.
At 9:30 a.m. on August 13, 1958, accompanied by the leaders of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee and the Tianjin Municipal Party Committee, ** went to Tianjin University for inspection. Many readers may not know that the predecessor of Tianjin University is Peiyang University, which is one of the earliest universities in China that we mentioned earlier.
As soon as I heard the news that *** was coming, all the teachers and students of Tianjin University immediately boiled, ** just listened to the report, walked out of the building, and immediately met with enthusiastic students, they shouted various slogans, one after another, looking at the group of energetic students in front of them, ** felt very gratified.
Despite the hot August season, *** tirelessly communicated with the students and asked them about their studies. **During the inspection of the Tianjin University Machinery Factory, Zhang Meizhen, a second-year university student, was working in the factory.
After enthusiastically asking her name, he immediately threw out a question: "Do you think it's better to just study, or is it better to work and study like this?" * This question was asked very carefully, and Zhang Meizhen also answered them one by one, and at the end, on behalf of the students, she gave a fineness meter made by her own labor to ***
FigOn August 13, 1958, he inspected Tianjin University and put forward three instructions for higher education after the inspection: "Colleges and universities should grasp three things: first, the leadership of the party committee; the second is the mass line; Third, it is necessary to integrate education with the division of production. ”
Since then, Tianjin University has put practical teaching in an important position according to the instructions of Tianjin, emphasizing the cultivation of students' hands-on ability and practical creative ability. Looking back on his school years, he found that the school's curriculum was too intensive, resulting in students not having time to exercise.
In 1917, when he was at the Hunan Provincial First Normal School, he wrote "The Study of Physical Education", believing that China's school system was too heavy for even strong adults to cope with, let alone underage or frail students.
His research was a warning to China's education system at the time, and it also reflected his concern for the health of students.
Fig**Cordial visit to teachers and students of Tianjin University, emphasizing health first, study second In view of the situation that students have too much schoolwork and too much intensive schoolwork, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, ** specially instructed the Minister of Education Ma Xuzhuan: "This matter should be resolved quickly, and all schools should pay attention to health first and study second."
Insufficient nutrition, it is advisable to increase funds as appropriate. It is advisable to reduce the time spent on study and meetings. Patients should be treated with special treatment. This should be true for all schools in the country. On July 3, 1965, ** saw a student in a class of Beijing Normal University report that his study life was too stressful, which led to his health deteriorating, and immediately wrote to the head of the Central Propaganda Department: "The burden on students is too heavy, it affects their health, and it is useless to study.
It is recommended to cut off one-third of all activities. Please invite the representatives of teachers and students of the school to discuss it several times and decide to implement it. How to please. For ***, education is a major event related to the development of the country, and no matter what time it is, it cannot be easily and hastily treated.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state has spared no effort in investing in education.
**I was full of expectations for the future of education, hoping that every Chinese would be able to go to university within 100 years. He firmly believes that as long as he works hard, the best primary schools and universities can catch up with the mainland.
In the past, there were only beautiful visions, but now they are becoming reality. As of 2021, China has universalized 12 years of compulsory education, and the illiteracy rate has dropped to 267%, while the population with a university degree or above (including a junior college) has reached 21.8 billion, accounting for 15 percent of the total population5%。