At the end of the accounting year, the accountant has to take inventory, reconcile, check the amount of each account, write off bad debts, make provision for impairment, issue the current year's financial statements and other tedious tasks. At the end of the year, it is the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival, two important holiday periods, during which there are often business headaches for accountants, such as internal rewards, annual staff meetings, and banquets.
Although there are enough things at the end of the accounting year, after the update of the fourth golden tax, the requirements for accounting accounts are getting higher and higher, and the intensity of tax inspection is also increasing. No matter how busy an accountant is, these tasks must be done.
"Cash on hand" itself is a relatively sensitive accounting account, and it is also an account that is prone to concealing income and falsely reporting expenditures. In normal times, due to its flexible payment, many times the accounting will include the funds that cannot obtain vouchers into the cash in hand first. (e.g., receipt of excess invoices, temporary misappropriation of funds by legal persons, expenditures without invoices, etc.) these payments need to be properly organized at the end of the year to minimize the tax risk of "cash on hand". The following points need to be followed for the year-end treatment of cash on hand.
1. The cash in hand on the account cannot be higher than 20% of the registered capital。The cash in hand itself is used to pay for the sporadic expenses of the enterprise, and according to the regulations, it is only necessary to reserve 3 5 days of sporadic expenses, and it cannot exceed 15 days at most. Although the tax department does not usually strictly supervise the balance of cash on hand, at the end of the year, if the cash on hand in the company's financial statements is higher than the normal range. It will definitely cause the prediction of the golden tax system, and give the possibility that the enterprise may be suspected of evading funds, hiding income, evading individual income tax and other tax-related issues.
2. The inflated cash in hand cannot exceed 30%.。The inflated cash in hand is one of the hallmarks of accounting chaos, which is generally caused by enterprises entertaining customers, entering without tickets, and delaying reimbursement. At the end of the year, the accountant should urge the boss (generally the senior management or the boss to draw) to take the invoice for reimbursement to Cui Qi to issue an invoice, and if there is no ticket, it should be included in other payables. It is necessary to reduce the inflated cash in hand, so as not to be directly judged to evade individual income tax when the accounts are not in line with the facts.
Receivables are divided into other receivables and accounts receivable, accounts receivable is the arrears of customers in operation, and the end of the year is mainly to pay off the arrears and accrue bad debts. Other receivables are temporary payments or advances of the enterprise, and at the end of the year, the main purpose is to analyze the tax-related risks of other receivables and find ways to eliminate the tax-related risks of other receivables.
Accounts receivable for 3 years can be paid before the enterprise income tax to help the enterprise retain the enterprise income tax. When making expenditures, it is necessary to retain sufficient evidence of bad debts, such as legal documents suing the other party, bankruptcy certificates of the other party, and collection records. If there is evidence to prove that the other party is unable to repay the accounts receivable for less than 3 years, it is necessary to obtain evidence of inability to repay. (bankruptcy certificate, notice of termination of enforcement by the court, etc.) if evidence cannot be obtained, there must be an annual collection record.
1. For accounts receivable with long age, materials should be prepared in advance for pre-tax deduction。Accounts receivable for 3 years can be paid before the enterprise income tax to help the enterprise retain the enterprise income tax. When making expenditures, it is necessary to retain sufficient evidence of bad debts, such as legal documents suing the other party, bankruptcy certificates of the other party, and collection records. If there is evidence to prove that the other party is unable to repay the accounts receivable for less than 3 years, it is necessary to obtain evidence of inability to repay. (bankruptcy certificate, notice of termination of enforcement by the court, etc.) if evidence cannot be obtained, there must be an annual collection record.
2. "Other receivables" of non-shareholders and executives for more than one year should have a reminder record at the end of the year。There is no personal bankruptcy in China, and some enterprises do use other receivables to evade individual taxes, so for other receivables of individuals, they cannot arbitrarily do non-operating expenses or credit impairment losses, and they must have sufficient collection records. before it can be included in the "bad debt". If bad debts are hastily recorded, most of them require enterprises to bear 20% of the individual income tax on the other receivables.
3. For shareholders and legal persons with large amounts of other receivables, it is best not to celebrate the New Year。Shareholders and legal persons have absolute control over the enterprise, and if the shareholders occupy the company's funds for a long time, then the shareholders' behavior will become a disguised dividend or withdrawal of funds. Whether it is dividends or withdrawing funds, it is not allowed in terms of taxation. Therefore, at the end of the year, if the shareholders and the legal person have other receivables that have not been repaid, they should be replaced first, and then they need to borrow and spend after the year, and it is best not to celebrate the New Year.
If your business is a small and micro enterprise, the "tax burden" rate has nothing to do with you. As long as the company is not losing money year after year, it can be said that it is in the past, after all, everyone's business has not been good in recent years. But if you are a business with a certain scale and stable operation for more than three years, your tax rate should not be too low. Every industry has an industry tax rate, and too many enterprises below the average will be suspected of tax evasion risk and have the risk of being audited. (Of course, there is no problem with the account book, it can stand up to inspection, and the tax rate can be ignored at all).
When employee benefits, business entertainment expenses, publicity expenses, and employee education expenses are deducted before tax, they will be subject to the upper limit of deduction. The end of the year is approaching, and you need to plan ahead for the cost of exceeding the limit. If the deduction is prepared for the future year, the invoice will be issued late and included in the next year. If you want to deduct it this year, you need to think of a way to not let the third-party company bear these expenses, and then the third-party company will pass on the expenses in the form of consulting or other office services for the company. These need to be decided before the end of the year.
In recent years, "provisional accounting" has suddenly become the focus of tax inspection. This is not to say that the materials that have not obtained the invoice cannot be recorded, the main point of the tax department's inspection is to "illegal provisional assessment", the biggest feature of this provisional estimate is that there is no basis for the measurement of the provisional estimate, and there is no physical delivery of the provisional estimate business. In order to avoid the risk of provisional valuation, the following evidence needs to be prepared for provisional valuation:
1. Contract. When there is no invoice, the contract amount is the safest provisional accounting voucher as the recorded amount. Based on this provisional estimate, there will be no tax risk.
2. Bill of lading and warehousing list. If there is a provisional estimate of physical delivery, when there is no contract as a provisional estimate of the entry voucher, the bill of lading can be used as a provisional estimate of the accounting voucher, if there is no bill of lading, you can only retreat and use the self-made warehousing list as a provisional estimate voucher.
3. Acceptance certificate. When purchasing a service provisional estimate, there is no contract as a provisional estimate document. You can make your own acceptance certificate as a provisional evaluation certificate. The acceptance form needs to be signed by the leader of the unit and the service provider or individual.
1. Invoices that are not related to the main business should be recorded with sufficient reasons and evidence。For example, if we are a construction company, there are a large number of invoices for consulting fees in the annual cost of the current year. At this time, the golden tax system will definitely remind the enterprise that there is a tax-related risk. If the enterprise wants these invoices to be reasonably recorded, it is necessary to think about the reasonableness of the business in advance, and formulate the expected goal and actual effect of the expense.
2. In the case of no equipment, the invoice for equipment consumption is recorded。The most common enterprises do not have vehicles, and invoices such as fuel tickets and tolls are recorded. In order to account for this expense, it is necessary to have a lease contract for the relevant equipment. If it is not possible to provide a lease contract, this part of the cost can only be converted to employee benefits.
3. The risk invoice without supporting materials is called out of the account book。If the invoice is not related to the business, there is no supporting materials, and the reasonableness cannot be explained, it is better not to record the account and take the initiative to transfer the cost, which is much better than transferring it after the tax authorities find out after the declaration. The former will not be penalized, while the latter may face fines.