Hemodialysis is a kind of kidney replacement method, which mainly uses special substances or filters the blood of the human body, so as to discharge excess water and metabolic waste from the body, which can maintain the balance of water and electrolytes, and can also improve cardiovascular function. Regarding the nature of hemodialysis effluents, the specific analysis is as follows:
1.Water quality of dialysis water: The water quality of dialysis water should meet the standards stipulated by the state, and it is generally necessary to use a special dialysis machine for testing, and special sterile instruments should be used to avoid cross-infection. If the quality of the dialysis water is not up to standard, it may cause discomfort during dialysis and may also lead to exacerbation.
2.Microbial limit: The dialysis water should not contain bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms, otherwise it will contaminate the patient's blood and cause infection during dialysis.
3.Volatile impurities: Volatile impurities refer to organic and inorganic substances in water, which usually enter the human body with the evaporation of water, causing adverse effects on health. Therefore, volatile impurities should be less than 05ug/ml。
4.Total number of bacteria: The total number of bacteria refers to the number of bacteria in a container, the total number of bacteria in dialysis water should not exceed 100 cfu ml, if it is greater than 100 cfu ml, it means that there may be bacterial infection.
The treatment methods of hemodialysis wastewater generally include physical, chemical and biological methods. The details are as follows:
1.The physical method mainly uses physical action to separate suspended solids in wastewater.
2.The chemical method mainly uses chemical reactions to treat dissolved substances or colloidal substances in wastewater.
3.The biological method is used to remove colloids from wastewater and dissolved organic matter.
In addition, the treatment of hemodialysis wastewater also needs to pay attention to the following points:
1.Wastewater needs to be collected and fed into a collection tank. When the water level in the collection tank reaches the set water level, the system will automatically start the treatment.
2.The purpose of conventional primary treatment is mainly to remove floating and suspended solids (SS) from the sewage and create conditions for subsequent treatment. Its main equipment and structures are: grid, grit tank, sedimentation tank, etc.
3.Secondary treatment mainly refers to biological treatment, which can remove dissolved and colloidal organic pollutants from wastewater. The BOD removal rate of biological treatment is more than 90%, and the BOD of effluent can be reduced to less than 30mg L, and organic pollutants such as COD, phenol, and cyanide can also be removed.
4.The daily business of the laboratory department includes: outpatient and emergency testing, clinical testing, biochemical testing, immunology testing, blood testing, microbiological testing, molecular diagnostic testing and blood transfusion related testing. This kind of wastewater is corrosive, toxic and harmful, and needs to be treated and discharged up to standard.