With the rapid development of the aquaculture industry, the scale of the farm is expanding day by day, and the amount of aquaculture sewage is also increasing year by year. If the aquaculture sewage is discharged directly without treatment, it will cause serious pollution to the environment and threaten human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry by means of sewage treatment and effective treatment and recycling of aquaculture sewage.
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1. Characteristics and hazards of aquaculture sewage.
Aquaculture sewage mainly includes livestock and poultry manure, feed residues, flushing water, etc. This kind of sewage has the characteristics of high organic matter content, high suspended solids content, high nitrogen and phosphorus content. If it is discharged directly without treatment, it will lead to eutrophication of the water body, trigger algae blooms, consume dissolved oxygen in the water, and affect the survival of aquatic organisms. At the same time, pathogens and parasites in aquaculture wastewater may also pose a threat to human health.
Second, the principle of sewage treatment in farms.
According to the characteristics of aquaculture sewage, the following principles should be followed when treating:
1.Reduction: Reduce the difficulty and cost of treatment by reducing the amount of wastewater generated.
2.Recycling: Utilize organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage to improve resource utilization efficiency.
3.Harmless: Ensure that the treated sewage meets the national discharge standards and does not cause harm to the environment.
Third, the main method of sewage treatment in farms.
1.Natural treatment method: use the natural purification capacity of soil and water bodies to naturally purify sewage. Including land treatment system, water purification system, etc. This method is less costly, but it occupies a large area, and the purification effect is greatly affected by natural conditions.
2.Physical treatment method: through physical means such as sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, etc., to remove suspended solids and impurities in sewage. Commonly used physical treatment methods include grids, sedimentation tanks, filtration tanks, etc. Physical treatment is simple and easy, but has limited effect on the removal of organic matter and nutrients.
3.Chemical treatment: The use of chemical agents to chemically react with pollutants in sewage to convert them into harmless or easy-to-treat substances. Commonly used chemical treatment methods include neutralization, oxidation, reduction, etc. The chemical treatment method has a good effect, but it may produce secondary pollution and the cost is high.
4.Biological deodorant treatment method: use the metabolic action of microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in the sewage into inorganic matter to achieve the purification of sewage. Biological treatment methods include activated sludge method, biofilm method, anaerobic biological treatment, etc. This method has a good treatment effect and is suitable for sewage treatment in large-scale farms.
Fourth, the development trend and suggestions of sewage treatment in farms.
With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the sewage treatment of farms will develop in the direction of more efficient and environmentally friendly. In the future, the sewage treatment of farms should pay attention to the following aspects:
1.Strengthen source control, reduce the amount of sewage generated, and improve resource utilization efficiency.
2.Promote advanced sewage treatment technology to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of sewage treatment.
3.Strengthen the operation and maintenance management of sewage treatment facilities to ensure the normal operation of facilities and prevent secondary pollution.
4.Strengthen policy guidance and support, promote the green development of the aquaculture industry, and realize the organic combination of aquaculture sewage treatment and recycling.
In short, the treatment of sewage in the farm is a long-term and arduous task. Only by continuous exploration and practice can we find a sewage treatment method suitable for the actual local situation and realize the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.