**10,000 Fans Incentive Plan Many people may have such a doubt when they first learn Chinese: suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly......, suddenlyNot only do these words have the same structure, but they also have no different meanings, so how can they be distinguished? And, since the structure is similar and the meaning is similar, why invent so many different words? What exactly do they do besides causing confusion? Synonyms, which refer to words that have the same or similar meaning to each other. There are more than 1,500 groups of synonyms commonly used in modern Chinese, and they create vivid and rich linguistic expressions for Chinese by virtue of their semantic features, combination limitations, syntactic distributions, and subtle differences between the templates used. In the same sentence, the alternation of synonyms can make the sentence more lively. For example, in "The Story of Little Stone Pond", Liu Zongyuan described the stream as "fighting and twisting and snakeing, and the light and extinction can be seen". Among them, "dou folding" and "snake walking" are a pair of synonyms, both of which can be used to describe the meandering of the stream, and when used together, it can not only get the interest of duality, but also make the words rich in variety. Nowadays, "fighting and twisting snakes" has evolved into an idiom. In modern Chinese, such idioms include "calm and calm", "piecemeal", "satisfied", etc., which can not only accentuate the tone, but also highlight the image and enhance the expressiveness of the text. 
"Dou Fold " and "Snake Walking" can all be used to describe a meandering stream. **/pixabay
Synonyms, were there also in ancient times?
In fact, synonyms are not a linguistic phenomenon unique to modern Chinese, and rich synonyms have appeared in the pre-Qin ancient texts with monosyllabic words as the main body. They seem to mean the same thing, but they have subtle differences in meaning and usage that cannot be easily interchanged. 
Xu's Shuo Wen Shu" volume, seal book excerpt Han Xu Shen's "Shuo Wen Interpretation of Character Narrative" paragraph. **Palace museum.
For example, "yan" and "yu" both involve "mouth", which has the meaning of speaking and talking, but in ancient Chinese, "yan" and "yu" as verbs do not have the same meaning and cannot be replaced with each other. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, the distinction between "words" and "language" appeared in the "Shuowen Jie Zi": "Straight words are words, and difficult words are said." Duan Yuci of the Qing Dynasty added more differences in meaning and usage on this basis in the "Annotations on the Interpretation of Words": "Daya Mao said: Speak bluntly, talk about difficult words." On it, justice is moss. Zheng Zhu Da Si Le said: The beginning is said, and it is difficult to speak. Miscellaneous notes say: words, say your own things; Speak for others. Roughly the same as the three bets. The general meaning is: straight talk is called "speech", argument is called "language", and "speech" is used to say one's own things, and "language" is mainly used to say things for others. It can be seen from this that all kinds of indications show that China's ancient philology has attached great importance to the identification and analysis of synonyms from a very early stage. Until modern times, with the more comprehensive and scientific study of ancient materials, the analysis of synonyms in ancient Chinese has also been further improved—in addition to the identification of meaning, practical forms such as grammar and combination have also been added. Taking "Yan" and "Yu" as examples, Mr. Wang Li, a modern linguist in China, pointed out that in a sense, "Yan" refers to taking the initiative to talk to others, while "Yu" mostly refers to answering other people's questions or talking about a matter with others. "Zuo Chuan: The Second Year of Chenggong" records the battle of Qi and Jin, and describes a dialogue in the battle: Xun Ke was wounded by the arrow, bleeding and dying, and the drum sound was not stopped, saying: "Yu is sick! Zhang Hou said: "Since the beginning of the union, and the arrow runs through the rest of the hands and elbows, the rest of the folds to the emperor, the left wheel Zhu Yin, how dare you say that you are sick." My son bears it! In order not to shake the morale of the army, Zhang Hou concealed his injuries. In the sentence, "how dare you say that you are sick" is to take the initiative to say that you are injured, and "words" cannot be replaced with "words". Similarly, in some cases, "language" cannot be replaced by "language". "The Analects of the Eight Hundreds" records: Ziyu Lu master music. Said: "Happy to know also: the beginning, Xi Ruye; From it, it is pure, it is like it, it is like it, and it is like it. The word "yu" here means to tell and talk about, and it is a meaning that "yan" does not have, and its pronunciation has also changed from 阳平 (yū) to 去音 (yù). 
words". * "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" written by Han Xu Xuan and edited by Song Xu Xuan and others
language". * In addition to the distinction between "Yan" and "Yu" from the perspective of meaning and pronunciation, the two can also be distinguished from the perspective of pragmatic collocation. When used as a transitive verb, "words" can generally only carry objects that refer to things, such as "words disease" and "words"; If it refers to a person, it can only refer to him, not to the other party of the conversation, for example, "Shu Shu Ji, Yan Fei Nu Ye" ("Zuo Chuan: The Twelfth Year of Wen Gong"), which means "writing 'Shu Ji', indicating that she is not an unmarried woman". For example, Confucius directly said to Zilu in the Analects of Yang Goods, "Ju! My Whisper Girl", i.e. "Sit down!" I tell you". In addition, "language" can also be followed by double objects, such as "the reason of the public language" ("Zuo Chuan, Yin Gong Gong"), "Wu Yu Female Dao" ("Zhuangzi Zaiyou"), etc., and there are few double objects after "words". In ancient Chinese, there was also a word with a similar meaning to "yu" – in the sense of "telling", "sue" and "yu" were synonymous. The main difference between the two is in usage: only "sue" can be used on the opposite side, but not "language". For example, in "The Fifteenth Year of Duke Xu", Qin Mugong's wife persuaded Qin Mugong's behavior only to be recorded with "and sued", not "and said". For the following, you can use both "sue" and "language", such as "because of the official language, and tell the repentance" ("Zuo Chuan: The First Year of the Yin Dynasty"), here "sue" and "language" are used at the same time on the occasion when Zheng Guojun speaks to Uncle Yingkao. It can be seen that the use of words in ancient Chinese should not only consider the meaning and collocation, but also take into account the difference in the "subtext" behind the words. 
Manchu and Mongolian Chinese Character Book", not divided into volumes, also known as "Imperial Manchu and Mongolian Wenjian", Qing Dynasty Anonymous Collection. The dictionary contains about 7,205 words, including words, phrases, sentences, etc., in a total of 262 categories. **Palace museum.
synonyms, how did they develop?
With the polysyllabization of Chinese vocabulary and the secularization of literature, a large number of polysyllabic spoken words can also be found in Chinese literature since the Tang Dynasty. The advent of the spoken language not only did not crowd out the space of the written language, but promoted the richness of the literary language, and some words also appeared to be synonymously replaced. These words have the same meaning, but they have different stylistic colors. This tradition continues to this day, and is often expressed in the distinction between written and spoken language, monosyllabic words and polysyllabic words. For example, "head" and "head", "arm" and "arm". 
Example of "head" vs. "head". ** Screenshot of the TV series "The Legend of Ruyi" These two groups of words should not be used interchangeably in the following sentences: "That kid is really strong, the thistle terrestris pierced his face, and the pain made his little head sweat beads plummet, but his two arms still hugged the bad guy's legs tightly." The "head" in the sentence cannot be replaced with "head", and although "two arms" can be replaced with "two arms", the style is not coordinated enough. However, if the physical education textbook writes "the head does not move, the arms are stretched out" as "the head does not move, the arms are stretched out", it is not in line with the concise and clear language characteristics of the textbook. It can be seen that words with different styles and colors should be used on different occasions. 
The phrase "head does not move, arms stretch out" in the first set of broadcast gymnastics, if written as "head does not move, arms stretch out", also does not conform to the concise and clear language characteristics of the textbook. ** Screenshot of CCTV documentary "Walking Radio Gymnastics" Another way of producing synonyms in modern Chinese comes from alien words in Chinese. Heteromorphic words refer to words that coexist and are used in written Mandarin with homophones and synonyms but are written in different forms, such as "strokes-strokes". Due to China's long history and vast land, the writing form of some words is not uniform, but their sound, rhyme, tone, rational, color and grammatical meanings are exactly the same, which can easily cause a burden in use. Therefore, the State Language Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "State Language Commission") standardizes and sorts out the heteromorphic words based on the principles of universality, rationality and systematization, and gives recommended word forms. However, there are a small number of heteromorphic words whose two forms are widely disseminated and recognized in society, and this influence has led them to differentiate into similar but different meanings, or one of them has derived other meanings, resulting in an interesting phenomenon of changing from synonyms to synonyms. For example, "imitation" and "imitation", the former is more commonly used in the imitation of specific close-up scenes, such as the objects and actions in front of you; The latter can also be used to simulate more abstract behaviors, on a larger scale. In specific use, "imitation" can mostly be replaced by "imitation", but "imitation" sometimes cannot be replaced by "imitation". 
The book contains about 8,300 words, and the vocabulary is not as large as the large phonetic dictionary published in the early periodicals, but the words included are all new words after the standardization of the Qianlong Dynasty, and the meaning and morphological changes of each word are included. **Palace museum.
Synonyms in modern Chinese are more often presented as two-syllable words in the form of "suddenly, suddenly, suddenly", which not only have similar meanings or even the same, but also have similar structures. These words have been used since ancient times, evolving from unstable combinations of monosyllabic words to fixed phrases commonly used in modern times. "Suddenly" is seen in "Mozi Tianzhi I": "However, the world's scholars and gentlemen are also in the sky, and suddenly they don't know how to set an example for each other, so I know that the world's corporal and gentlemen know the small but not the big." Here, the meaning of sudden takes the original meaning of the central word "suddenly" and ignores it, referring to the appearance of carelessness. In "Zhuangzi Zhibei Tour", "suddenly" is derived from "between the world and the world, if the white horse passes through the gap, suddenly" gives birth to the extended meaning of "rapid". 
Zhuangzi statue. ** The Conservation Department of the Chinese History Museum, "Portraits of Chinese Celebrities in the Past Dynasties", Strait Literature and Art Publishing House, 2003 edition, about "suddenly", Xu Kai's "Shuowen Jie Zi Biography" is the most suitable to explain its original meaning: "The dog hides in the cave and serves people, and people do not expect it, and they come out suddenly." "Suddenly" describes the swiftness of the dog, and it also leads to the meaning of rapidity. The original meaning of "fierce" is a healthy dog, which is similar to "suddenly". In "The Legend of the West Chamber", there is "I dare not hang down when I see him crying, I am afraid that people will know; Suddenly, he lowered his head, exhaled for a long time, and pushed Su Luo's clothes. "Suddenly" also describes the quick response to the action.
In ancient Chinese, "ran" means "......."The meaning of these words is actually ** in the central word modified by "ran", that is, "suddenly", "suddenly", "fiercely", etc. But without "yet", these monosyllabic words are difficult to derive meanings. Thus, these synonyms are the result of monosyllabic word combinations complementing each other.
Synonyms, how to distinguish them?
Knowing the history of the formation of "suddenly, suddenly, suddenly" does not mean understanding the difference between them, as a practical "tool", synonyms focus on distinguishing and analyzing, so as to accurately express thoughts and feelings. The basis for distinguishing synonyms is to understand the differences between synonyms, and the differences between synonyms are mainly manifested in three aspects: meaning, color, and part of speech. Ideographic is an important function of the Chinese language, and after a long period of exposure, people are more sensitive to the difference in meaning between synonyms. The meaning of a group of synonyms also has a distinction between light and heavy, scope, etc. For example, although both "contempt" and "contempt" have the meaning of "contempt", the degree of "contempt" is obviously heavier than that of "contempt". Although both "frontier" and "frontier" refer to areas close to national borders, they do not refer to the same scope. "Frontier" refers to a territory close to the border and is larger; Whereas, "border" refers to a place close to the border and is smaller in scope. 
Contempt" and "contempt" examples. ** Screenshot of the TV series "The Legend of Zhen Huan".
It is worth noting that some synonyms can be distinguished by the different meanings of collocation objects, such as "play" and "carry forward": "play" and "carry forward" both have the meaning of development, but the object of "play" collocation is mainly the internal things that the subject itself has, such as "power", "power" and "role"; The objects of "carrying forward" collocation are mainly conventional, more macro things, such as "spirit", "style", "tradition", "democracy", etc.
The difference in the color of synonyms is mainly reflected in the color of the sense and the color of the style. The sense of the word is positive, neutral, and depreciative, such as "results, results, and consequences" all have the meaning of "ending", but they are respectively positive words, neutral words, and derogatory words. The difference in stylistic color mainly refers to the difference between written and spoken language, such as "father" and "father", although "father" is also used in some literary works that describe scenes of life, but obviously "father" is more solemn. According to the grammatical function of words, Chinese classifies words into nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc., and these classifications are collectively called "parts of speech", and the grammatical characteristics of word classes are "parts of speech". The essence of the different parts of speech is the difference in grammatical features. For example, we can distinguish between "suddenly" and "suddenly" according to the different parts of speech: "suddenly" and "suddenly" both have the meaning of rapid change and unexpected action, and they can be used as adverbials, such as "he suddenly turned around" and "he turned around suddenly". However, "suddenly" can also be used as a predicate, a definite, and an object, such as "the situation is very sudden", "suddenly happens", "it feels sudden", and "suddenly" can only be used as an adverbial. Therefore, it is generally accepted that "suddenly" is an adjective and "suddenly" is an adverb.
Suddenly" use an example. ** Screenshot of the TV series "The Legend of Zhen Huan".
After understanding the differences between synonyms, we can analyze synonyms on this basis. We can use semantics and sense of language to distinguish different synonyms by using paraphrasing and substitution as appropriate. However, there is no significant semantic and grammatical difference between synonyms such as "suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly", and their distinction seems to require more accumulation of literary language, such as "suddenly" to "stormy", from "suddenly" to "suddenly", from "suddenly" to "suddenly", and ...... from "suddenly" to "suddenly".Their use is inseparable from the context, and it is also inseparable from the conventional social attributes of the language itself. Synonyms, will there be any more in the future?
There are a large number of synonyms in Chinese, and there are often many synonyms that express the same kind of things and similar concepts, and there can even be as many as a dozen words that express the same thing and the same concept. So, is the existence of these synonyms necessary? In fact, synonyms not only help us distinguish between different semantic and grammatical functions, but also make language more precise and rich. It's hard to imagine how boring it would be to use only "seeing" to illustrate our relationship with the environment when we write a travelogue. If words such as "distant looking" and "overlooking" are added, it not only clarifies the posture of people, but also shows the changes in the spatial relationship between people and scenery, making the article more vivid and natural. The use of synonyms avoids monotonous and repetitive writing, and the use of synonyms can also strengthen the tone and make the meaning of the sentence more perfect. The place where synonyms come into play is not only the written language; In colloquial language, the use of synonyms can make the tone euphemistic. In order to adapt to the needs of communication and express a euphemistic tone, we can choose synonyms of different colors. For example, replacing "dead" with "died" will make the sentence seem less straightforward. It can be seen that rich synonyms are the fruits of the long history of the Chinese nation, and also reflect the subtle and humble character and rich wisdom of the Chinese.
In 2022, a new round of revision of the Standard Dictionary of Modern Chinese was completed. Screenshot of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China portal.
In contemporary times, with the active online community and Internet platform, synonyms are also rapidly updated. In the future, there will be more synonyms born from our whims. synonyms, not far from us.