With the approach of the Spring Festival, the flow of people and gathering activities increases, and the risk of respiratory disease infection increases. How are different types of respiratory diseases treated? What should I do if my patient has a recurrent cough? What prevention and control matters need to be paid attention to in key populations? The National Health Commission (NHC) held a press conference on January 25 to respond to current respiratory disease hotspots.
Coronavirus1. How pathogenic is it?
No significant changes
Coronavirus1. The proportion of variants in China continues to rise, and the clinical manifestations are basically asymptomatic and mild. Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Infectious Disease Management Department of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said1 variant and eg5 There is no significant change in the severity of the disease caused by the variant. It is expected that around the Spring Festival holiday, the new crown epidemic may rebound to a certain extent due to various factors such as the large-scale movement of people. 
The scene of the press conference of the National Health Commission held on January 25. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Heng photo monitoring data shows that at present, China's influenza activity has shown a downward trend, and the current acute respiratory diseases are still dominated by influenza. Among them, the proportion of influenza B has increased recently, resulting in a small fluctuation in the influenza epidemic. Experts believe that this winter and spring China will continue to show a variety of respiratory diseases alternately or together.
Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health Commission and deputy director of the Publicity Department, said that it is necessary to continue to strengthen monitoring and early warning, strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic in key institutions such as elderly care institutions and social welfare institutions, pay attention to the key groups of "one old and one young", strengthen daily health monitoring, and implement various prevention and control measures.
How are different types of respiratory diseases treated?
Antiviral** + symptomatic**
For acute respiratory infectious diseases such as COVID and influenza, vaccination is the main means of prevention. Li Yanming, director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Beijing Hospital, introduced at the press conference that **measures mainly include antiviral** and symptomatic**. According to experts, in terms of antiviral**, there are antiviral drugs for influenza and new crown, which can relieve patients' symptoms and reduce the viral load. Symptomatic** mainly includes antipyretics or drugs to relieve cough, nasal congestion, and runny nose. Li Yanming reminded that asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, and the main symptoms include repeated coughing, dyspnea, chest tightness, etc. For asthma patients, if they suffer from influenza, new crown, etc., they should pay attention to the changes in their asthma symptoms, and if the symptoms worsen, they need to seek medical attention in time and adjust their asthma medications.
What to do about recurrent coughing?
Let's be clear first**
Cough is one of the most common symptoms and can be caused by a variety of reasons. If you have a recurrent cough, it is recommended to go to the hospital for treatment. Li Yanming said that according to the classification of cough duration, it can be divided into acute, subacute and chronic cough.
According to experts, acute cough generally lasts less than three weeks, and acute respiratory infections are the main cause; Subacute cough lasts three to eight weeks and is usually caused by post-infectious cough; Chronic cough lasts more than eight weeks and can be caused by a variety of causes, including asthma, COPD, reflux esophagitis, etc., and some medications can also cause cough.
Li Yanming said that if there are cough symptoms, in daily care, pay attention to weather changes, and increase or decrease clothing in time; In winter, the indoor room is generally drier, so it is necessary to maintain indoor humidity. It is recommended that people with cough wear masks when going out to reduce the impact of cold air on the airway. During coughing, spicy or greasy foods are not recommended.
What should people with underlying medical conditions pay attention to?
Enhance immunity and do a good job of basic protection
Winter is the season of high incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. According to Zhu Jia, chief physician of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, patients with cardiovascular diseases are more likely to have increased blood viscosity, slowed blood circulation, and thrombosis. Xiong Changming, chief physician of Fuwai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, said that once a patient with cardiovascular disease is infected with respiratory diseases, it may aggravate the condition. Experts say that patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and other diseases often have poor physique and resistance, and are prone to respiratory diseases. These patients should strengthen cardiovascular disease control in winter and control various indicators within an appropriate range. At the same time, actively get vaccinated, do a good job of personal protection and warmth, rest more, avoid excessive fatigue, maintain a healthy diet, pay attention to hand hygiene, wash hands frequently, avoid going to crowded places, and wear a mask when necessary.
What are the symptoms that indicate that your child may have pneumonia?
If you have these symptoms, get to the doctor as soon as possible
When a child is infected with a respiratory pathogen, parents are very worried that their child will develop pneumonia. In this regard, Wang Quan, chief physician of Beijing Children's Hospital, said that after a child has a respiratory infection, it may develop pneumonia, especially in young children. persistent high fever or fever for more than 3 days; Frequent or significantly worsening cough with increased sputum volume or change in sputum color; Some older children complain of chest tightness, chest pain, breathlessness and other discomforts; Mental lethargy or malaise, young children show irritability, crying, difficulty soothing ......Wang Quan introduced that if the child has these conditions, he should be alert to the possibility of pneumonia and send him to the hospital as soon as possible. Experts especially suggest that infants, especially those under three months old, suffer from pneumonia, the symptoms and signs are often atypical, and there may be no obvious fever and cough, only manifested as shortness of breath, choking, laborious or frequent spitting up, and sometimes there may be symptoms such as wheezing and suffocation, and bad complexion. If you have any of these signs and symptoms, you should take your child to your doctor as soon as possible.
*: Xinhua News Agency