In 1979, Ali Bhutto, the founder of the Pakistan People's Party, walked to the gallows, and on his deathbed, he left only one tragic sentence: "I am a sinless man!" ”
Despite this, the former leader of Pakistan was still hanged.
Is Ali Bhutto's life really as "innocent" as he claims? What is the reason why he, the founder of a major party, ended up in a bleak end?
Ali Bhutto's political career was full of twists and turns. He went from entering ** as a young man, then quit**, founding his own political party, and finally becoming the leader of the country, all of which made his life full of changes.
Ali Bhutto began his political career when he returned to Pakistan from Britain in 1953, where he was actively involved in political campaigns while serving as a lecturer in law and as a legal lawyer.
For example, in 1954 he was the chairman of the Youth Front in Sindh. Although, in general, it is difficult for young students and intellectuals to make a difference, Ali Bhutto knows how to attract them.
Because of his aristocratic origins, he quickly gained the favor of the intelligentsia and the bourgeoisie, and was hailed as "a symbol of the new forces". As Ali Bhutto's popularity grew, Pakistani Mirza spoke highly of him and appointed him as a member of the diplomatic corps in charge of foreign affairs, which earned him widespread recognition at home and abroad.
It was Pakistan's next Ayub Khan who really made Ali Bhutto famous. Since he came to power through a military coup, the cabinet at that time was completely reshuffled.
Ali Bhutto was elected at the age of 30 and became the youngest cabinet minister at the time. During that time, he served as Minister of Commerce, Journalism, Broadcasting, Nation-Building, Rural Aid, Grassroots Democracy, Tourism and Ethnic Minority Affairs.
He had an in-depth understanding of the Pakistani situation and had his own approach to reform, but his status gradually declined due to disagreements with Ayub Khan.
The Tashkent Declaration provoked deep contradictions between Ayub Khan and Ali Bhutto. Although Ayub Khan tried to resolve the dispute between India and Pakistan through the declaration, he ignored Pakistan's interests, which made Ali Bhutto very unhappy and eventually resigned from his position as chief minister and became a lawyer instead.
However, Ayub Khan's rule has become increasingly sluggish, and instead of helping Pakistan out of its economic woes, it has exacerbated inequality in the country, further exploited farmers, and brought Pakistan's agriculture to a standstill.
Against this backdrop, the share of the 22 large families supported by Ayub Khan in the banking sector and 65% in the industrial sector has reached 80 percent and 65 percent, respectively, which has led to growing popular discontent with Ayub Khan.
Ali Bhutto saw this trend and took advantage of it.
Ali Bhutto founded the "People's Party" in November 1967 with bourgeois, petty-bourgeois socialism and egalitarianism as his leader, and led the party to challenge Ayub Khan**.
Ayub Khan was furious and ordered Ali Bhutto to be arrested and imprisoned in the Lahore concentration camp. However, this has fueled discontent among the Pakistani people and made Ali Bhutto a heroic symbol of defiance of power.
As the tide of opposition to Ayub Khan grew in the country, Ayub Khan had no choice but to release Ali Bhutto and hand over power to Army Commander Yahya Khan in March of the same year.
Yahya Khan, faced with a growing pro-democracy movement, was unable to sustain the situation in Pakistan and was eventually forced to agree to hold it**. In December 1970, the People's Party (BJP) came to power and became the second largest party in the country.
Ali Bhutto then reached the pinnacle of power by holding positions such as Pakistan's ** and Prime Minister.
Although the BJP became the second largest party in Pakistan in the 1970 elections, the results suggest that the candidate for prime minister should be sought among Pakistan's largest party, the People's League.
Ali Bhutto's victory over Mujibur Rahman was largely due to his performance in the Third Indo-Pakistani War. As the first minister of Pakistan, he participated in the meeting held by the United Nations and the Security Council to discuss the issue of the Indo-Pakistani war, which was supported by China, but due to the opposition of the Soviet Union and the vacillation of the positions of countries such as the United States, Britain and France, the meeting failed to solve the problem.
In June 1972, Ali Bhutto negotiated again with Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In the early days, Indira Gandhi made many excesses, not only for Pakistan to cede land and return prisoners of war, but also for Pakistan to submit to India's position on the Kashmi issue.
Ali Bhutto resolutely rejected this, and he remained calm and determined, arguing with reason. In the last negotiations, he moved Indira Gandhi with his sincerity and got her to agree to make concessions that would protect Pakistan's national interests to the fullest.
After the negotiations, Ali Bhutto returned home to receive a warm welcome, but instead of basking in joy, he thoughtfully said: "This is not my victory, nor the victory of Indira Gandhi, but the victory of Pakistan and India." ”
Ali Bhutto, Pakistan's leader in democratic reform, has introduced a series of measures. He applied nationalization to industries such as banking, insurance, and transportation in order to weaken the monopoly and exploitation of the big bourgeoisie.
In order to implement the policy, he disregarded the interests of his family and sacrificed his own family450,000 acres of land. This action won the support of the broad masses of the peasants and the petty bourgeoisie.
However, the big bourgeoisie was vehemently opposed to his reforming actions. They used various tactics to hinder nationalization, interfere with the process of soil improvement, and at the same time divert large amounts of money abroad, which had a serious negative impact on domestic production.
Amid the turmoil caused by economic problems, Pakistan's political situation has also become increasingly unstable. Many, with the support of the big bourgeoisie in the country, began to try to suppress Ali Bhutto.
Although in the following elections, Ali Bhutto still won the support of the majority and was successfully re-elected. However, this further exacerbated the contradictions of the time, and members of the opposition began to provoke confrontations and harassment throughout the country, and the situation directly spiraled out of control.
At this critical juncture, Ali Bhutto could only take control of the military first. As a result, he made an exception and promoted Zia Haq, then commander of the Third Army, to the post of Chief of the Army General Staff. However, what Ali Bhutto never expected was that he was looking at the wrong person.
Far from being "one of his own", Zia al-Haq even took the initiative to stage a coup d'état and arrest Ali Bhutto.
Ali Bhutto's life was full of twists and turns. At 2 a.m. on July 5, 1977, he was charged with the crime**, but he was eventually acquitted thanks to the assistance of a lawyer and the court.
However, Zia-ul-Haq re-arrested him on charges of endangering the military regime. At this time, many people, including Anglo-American France and Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, began to call for Ali Bhutto's release.
As an old friend of Pakistan, my country has also tried its best to assist through various channels. However, Zia al-Haq, fearing that Ali Bhutto would threaten his rule, finally forced the court to sentence Ali Bhutto to death by hanging, which is regrettable.
In the early morning of April 4, 1979, Ali Bhutto died peacefully in front of the gallows outside Rawalpindi prison. He looked into the distance and prayed in a low voice, "Lord, I am sinless." ”
However, his prayers failed to change his fate, and his life ended under the gallows, and his body even hung for 30 minutes. From the perspective of Ali Bhutto's life, his ups and downs are closely related to one group, and that is the bourgeoisie.
In fact, he was a member of the Pakistani bourgeoisie, and his father was Sir Xanawaz Khan Bhutto.
Ali Bhutto, with his rich wealth and high position, quickly gained popularity among the intelligentsia and the bourgeoisie upon his return. However, in order to promote democracy and "Scandinavian-like socialism", he enacted the Economic Reform Act, which repeatedly lowered the land ceiling and facilitated capitalist agricultural operators, while nationalizing key industries.
These measures strengthened the state's control over the economy, but they also caused the bourgeoisie to become one of the main reasons for his failure because the reforms were too drastic and did not fully take into account Pakistan's own national conditions.
In addition, Ali Bhutto's failure was also related to his "ignorance", and if he had not mistakenly regarded Zia-ul-Haq as "one of his own", the reforms he implemented could have succeeded.
Ali Bhutto's life was full of tragedy, but his legacy did not end with his death. Instead, his daughter, Bhutto, carried on the legend and carried it forward.
Shortly after his father was removed from his post as prime minister and hanged, Bhutto returned home to face his imminent five-year prison sentence. After spending two or three years in a dark and dirty cell, Bhutto went through trials and tribulations.
However, she was not defeated and eventually survived. Although she was assassinated on the operating table, she grew up with courage and tenacity. Benazto's legacy doesn't stop there, and her courage and tenacity will inspire more people to pursue their dreams, no matter what the odds and challenges come their way.
Her story reminds us that everyone has the potential to be a legend, if we have the determination and perseverance to pursue our dreams.
Her life was full of challenges, but she never gave in. Benazir Bhutto, inheriting his father's legacy, stepped into Pakistan**. She became the prime minister of Pakistan twice and became the first female prime minister in the history of Pakistan.
Due to her weak appearance but strong inside, she acquired"Iron butterfly"reputation. Bhutto's political career was supposed to be smooth sailing, but like her father, she encountered problems of not knowing anyone.
Her husband, Zardari, was of poor character despite his noble background. He was known for ***, and even got a nickname for it-"Mr. 10%."。
This moniker means that whoever wants to get a project from his hands as Minister of Political Investment must pay him a 10% kickback.
Once a Pakistani political giant, Benazir Bhutto had an ill-fated affair and was twice sentenced to five years in prison and a fine of $8.6 million for her husband's ***.
Despite this, she did not give up and began a career of exile with her three children, which did not end until 2007. However, even after her return to Pakistan, her former "opponents" are still reluctant to let her go.
On the night she returned to Pakistan, there were two attacks, but she herself was unharmed. The threat to her life did not give her in, but strengthened her resolve.
At a press conference, Bhutto expressed his deep abhorrence for extremism and called on Britain and the United States and other countries to participate in the investigation of the bomb attacks. Bhutto's influence is so great that Pakistan even had to imprison her in order to prevent her supporters from triggering conflict.
After strenuous efforts, on 5 December 2007, Benazir Bhutto reached a reconciliation agreement with the leaders of the Muslim League. Murashaf, who was Pakistani at the time, pardoned Bhutto for all charges, which meant that she could return to Pakistan to participate in parliamentary elections and have the opportunity to become prime minister again.
However, tragedy struck. At a campaign rally on December 27, Bhutto was attacked again, this time not escaping the catastrophe and eventually suffering serious injuries and dying in hospitals.
Her death plunged the whole of Pakistan into deep mourning.
This "iron butterfly" dances gracefully in the sky, but in the end she falls on the road to pursue her dreams, just like her father. After Bhutto's death, she was buried in the family cemetery in the Rakhana area, where she was buried with her father, Ali Bhutto.
It is said that on the day of her burial, hundreds of thousands of people rushed to see her off, not only to mourn the "iron butterfly", but also to cry for her father Ali Bhutto, which made people feel sad.
However, the pursuit of ideals is always full of setbacks and difficulties, and we can only show respect and respect for them except for regret.