"In China's democratic revolutionary movement, intellectuals are the first to become enlightened. This was evident in both the Xinhai Revolution and the May Fourth Movement, and the intellectuals during the May Fourth Movement were broader and more conscious than those during the Xinhai Revolution."
During the May Fourth period, hundreds of thousands of students bravely emerged at the forefront of the movement. This is where the May Fourth Movement is a step further than the Xinhai Revolution. ”
Before the May Fourth Movement, secondary and primary education in northwest Shandong had developed slowly compared with the early years. All counties and counties have set up a higher primary school on the basis of the Confucian Temple, academy or temple, and some of the higher primary schools in Liaocheng, Linqing, and Gaotang have reached five.
In terms of secondary education, the Shandong Provincial Third Normal School in Liaocheng had 336 students and 23 teachers in 1919; Shandong Provincial No. 3 Middle School has only about 200 students and more than a dozen teachers.
Among the teachers and students of the Third Division and the Second Middle School, communist intellectuals have not yet been born, and the bourgeois intellectuals who have influence in northwestern Shandong have not yet appeared, and the vast number of teachers and students basically belong to petty-bourgeois intellectuals.
The new cultural movement, which takes the banner of opposing old morality and advocating new morality and opposing old literature and advocating new literature, has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and has been widely spread among the teachers and students of the Third Division and the Second Middle School, and the trend of reform and national salvation has greatly promoted the revolutionary upsurge of petty-bourgeois intellectuals in northwestern Shandong.
The petty-bourgeois intellectuals in northwestern Shandong have long been proud of the patriotic students of Beijing and other large and medium-sized cities to commemorate the "May 7 National Shame Day" (against the "21 Articles" activities) every year, and they have accumulated a deep grudge against the warlords.
When the "May Fourth" patriotic movement broke out in Beijing, and the news that the representatives of the Beijing warlords had betrayed the sovereignty of Shandong and Qingdao at the Paris Peace Conference reached Liaocheng, the students of the Third Division and the Second Middle School were boiling with anger and righteous indignation. In the atmosphere of sudden outburst of uproar, there were students who were heartbroken and bit their fingers, crying, and writing in blood "Conscience saves the country"; They made speeches one after another, made generous speeches, and encouraged the people to strike classes to arouse the people to save the country.
Liu Lunqing, a student representative, emerged from the third division, and Li Xuezeng, a student representative from the second middle school.
On the basis of the student unions of the Third Division and the No. 2 Middle School, together with several senior primary schools in Liaocheng City, the Liaocheng Student Federation was formed, and following the example of Beijing and Jinan, it also issued slogans such as "opposing the thieves with practical actions," "rejecting the peace treaty with Germany," "abolishing the 21st Article," and "never allowing Japan to seize Germany's rights in Shandong," and took to the streets to demonstrate and expose the crimes of Beijing's sovereignty and suppression of the students' patriotic movement.
Shouting "Defend Qingdao for the time being!" "Give me back Qingdao!" "Severely punish Cao (Rulin), Zhang (Zongxiang), and Lu (Zongyu)!.""The students' charity deeply touched the general public and businessmen.
The businessman ** has changed the owner of the old state of harmony and business first, and took the lead in expressing his boycott of Japanese goods and patriotism.
Under the propaganda and encouragement of the Student Federation and the organization and mobilization, the Chamber of Commerce and the Student Federation formed the Liaocheng Federation of Students and Business.
Under the banner of associations from all walks of life, students formed propaganda teams, picket teams, investigation teams, and fund-raising teams, and mobilized businessmen to open domestic goods stores.
Merchants and students actively boycotted Japanese goods. The "Federation of Students and Businessmen" stipulates that all those who privately order or sell Japanese goods will be confiscated and destroyed. Some of the patriotic students of the No. 3 and No. 2 middle schools went to various counties and counties in northwestern Shandong to give speeches at street markets, distribute leaflets, and write a "Declaration on the Boycott of Japanese Products by the Fathers and Elders of the Whole Country" and send it to major newspapers across the country.
The students went deep into the township bazaars to carry out patriotic propaganda, expose Japan's aggressive ambitions and bullying and atrocities against China, publicize the pain of North Korea's national demise, alert the world, and arouse the people to fight for sovereignty abroad and punish them internally. Resolutely resist Japanese products and promote domestic products.
8. Hang a plaque at the entrance of the shopping mall: "Don't forget the national shame" and "Boycott Japanese goods". After the patriotic movement reached its climax, the students of the Women's Department of the Third Normal School and the Guangyuelou Girls' Primary School also broke through the shackles of the old rites and religions and took to the streets with the boys to demonstrate and give speeches.
Merchants and citizens constantly set up tables and prepared tea to enthusiastically support the students' patriotic actions.
On a national scale, the "May Fourth" Movement not only contributed to the rapid outbreak of the Beiyang warlords' "Zhiwan War" and the collapse of Duan Qirui's regime, but more importantly, it was not simply a fierce struggle between the masses of the people and people in society against Beiyang.
The May Fourth Movement prepared ideologically and cadrely for the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921, as well as the May Fourth Movement and the Northern Expedition.
During the May Fourth Movement, the Chinese working class entered the political arena for the first time as an independent force.
In northwestern Shandong, due to the limitations of the economic base and the educational, ideological, and cultural levels, the proletariat (industrial workers) had not yet been born, and the representatives of the bourgeois intellectuals had not yet appeared, and the revolutionary petty-bourgeois intellectuals and their patriotic propaganda, new literature, and new cultural movements occupied the mainstream position.
After the May Fourth Movement, with the opening up and construction of automobile roads in various counties in northwest Shandong, the closed doors were slightly opened, and the breath of coastal and southern areas gradually circulated in northwest Shandong, and people's wisdom of seeking knowledge and progress began to be activated, and the atmosphere of running schools and receiving education gradually became popular.
In the second half of 1919, Linqing set up the Eleventh Shandong Provincial Middle School, and in 1925, the Gaotang Travelers Association initiated the establishment of the Gaotang County Middle School.
By 1936, there were 3,885 high and junior primary schools and 4 ordinary middle schools (Shandong Provincial No. 2 Middle School, Shandong Provincial No. 11 Middle School, Gaotang County Middle School, and Tangyi County Private Wuxun Junior High School) within the jurisdiction of Liaocheng District (according to the administrative system in 1989).
There are 5 normal schools (Shandong Provincial Third Normal School, Shandong Provincial Third Normal School Women's Department, Shandong Provincial Shouzhang Rural Normal School, Linxiaguan Qingqiuguan 6 County Joint Rural Normal School, Fan Chaopu Three County Joint Rural Normal School, Yanggu County Simple Rural Normal School).
There are more than 10 normal training institutes and 3 vocational schools (Boping County B Sericulture School, Shandong Provincial Second Vocational School, and Shandong Provincial Fourth Vocational School).
In 1921, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was born, and the basic knowledge of Marxism-Leninism began to spread gradually from Beijing, Jinan, and the south to Liaocheng and to secondary schools in northwest Shandong. But at the same time, the northwest of Shandong and the whole north of Shandong have always been under the rule of the Beiyang warlords, especially under the cruel rule of the Feng warlords, and the society is in turmoil and the people's lives are miserable; Revolutionary petty-bourgeois intellectuals, especially the growing number of middle school and teacher training graduates, under the influence of Marxism-Leninism and the new trend of thought, were forced by the environment and society to actively explore a way out for life, the country, and the nation, and to actively seek the road of personal progress and the prosperity and strength of the country.
Select "Revolutionary History of Northwest Lu".