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There is a planet whose surface resembles a huge melting pot, largeThe air was filled with a thick poisonous mist, and its environment was bad enough to make the crystallization of human science and technology disappear in an instant.
This planet is Venus, our most mysterious and terrifying neighbor. Its frightening environmental conditions and enticing mysteries have attracted humans to explore deeply since ancient times. In the long history of mankind, the exploration of Venus is not only a feat of science, but also an expedition to challenge the limits.
Under the cover of night,There is a star that shines brightly, second only to the bright moonto become one of the brightest stars in our field of vision.
This shining star is Venus, the closest planet to our Earth and the second closest celestial body to the Sun.
The name Venus contains different meanings and origins, reflecting the diverse cognition and imagination of human beings about this planet.
Ancient China called Venus "Taibai", which means that it is as white as white, echoing the metallic nature of the five elements. Venus sometimes appears in the east in the early morningIt is called "Kaimei" and symbolizes the arrival of a new day；Sometimes it shines in the west at dusk and is coveredIt is praised as "Chang Gung", which means a long star. Venus is believed to be an auspicious symbol that predicts the fate of kings and the rise and fall of nations.
In Western culture,Venus takes its name from Venus, the goddess of love and beauty in Roman mythology。In Greek mythology,She corresponds to Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty.
Venus is seen as the symbol of Venus because of its brightness and beauty. Her astronomical symbols,It is in the image of a vanity mirror held by Venus.
Although Venus is adjacent to Earth, its environment is very different. Venus's atmosphere is extremely thick and consists mainly of clouds of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid.
The planet lacks water, life, and tectonics on Earth, with only a large number of volcanoes and impact craters. Venus rotates in the opposite direction to other planets and is extremely slow, with a day longer than a year.
The mystery of Venus attracts the heart of human exploration. From naked-eye observation in ancient times, to telescope observation in modern times, to modern space exploration, mankind's understanding of Venus has deepened day by day. However, as the understanding deepened, people gradually discovered the horror and mystery hidden by Venus.
Venus, shining brightest in the solar system, has the most dangerous environment. Its surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and acid rain all present daunting challenges. Venus has a reputation for its hellish conditions, making it one of the most difficult tasks for humans to explore the solar system.
First of all, it's the heat of Venus that is terrifying. The planet has an average surface temperature of up to 462 degrees Celsius, higher than Mercury, becoming the hottest planet in the solar system.
This temperature is enough to melt metals such as lead, tin, and zinc, and it can also turn humans into ashes in an instant. The main culprit for this high temperature is the intense greenhouse effect caused by Venus's thick atmosphere. This layer of the atmosphere is mainly composed of carbon dioxide, which accounts for more than 96% of the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that absorbs the sun's heat, but it is difficult to release, causing the surface temperature of Venus to continue to rise. In addition, sulfuric acid clouds in the atmosphere invert most of the sunlight, making the surface of Venus dull, but it also hinders the dissipation of heat, further exacerbating the greenhouse effect.
Secondly, the atmospheric pressure of Venus is also extremely staggering, equivalent to 92 times that of the Earth, and equivalent to the water pressure at 1,000 meters below the Earth's sea level.
This pressure is enough to easily shatter a human body, and it can also destroy most man-made devices. Venus has a thick atmosphere, 93 times the mass and 50 times the density of the Earth.
In addition, the atmosphere is filled with a large number of toxic gasesSuch as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrofluoric acid, and hydrochloric acid, which is extremely corrosive to both humans and detectors.
In addition, the wind speed on Venus is also extremely terrifying, reaching up to 360 kilometers per hour, which is more violent than a hurricane on Earth. This phenomenon stems from the extremely slow rotation of Venus, with a day longer than a year.
This results in a large temperature difference that stimulates intense atmospheric movements. It is worth mentioning that Venus rotates in the opposite direction to the other planets, from west to east, which may have been caused by a huge impact.
Finally, acid rain is common on Venus, due to sulfuric acid clouds in the atmosphere. These clouds are produced by the reaction of large amounts of sulfur dioxide released by Volcanic activity on Venus and water vapor from the atmosphere.
The sulphuric acid cloud condensed into raindrops at high altitude, however, due to the high temperatures of VenusIt evaporates before it reaches the surface, creating a cycle. Sulfuric acid rain has a strong corrosive effect on both the surface of Venus and the probe, dissolving rocks and metals.
Venus is the most terrifying planet in the solar system, and it is also the most difficult existence on the road to exploration. The human quest for Venus has been fraught with failures and setbacks.
Since the 60s of the last century, the United States and the Soviet Union have been racing to launch probes to Venus in an attempt to unveil this mysterious planet. However, Venus's harsh environment makes it difficult for most probes to survive or work on its surface. Even if a handful of probes managed to reach the surface of Venus, they would only send back very little data, and then they would be wiped out by this hellish environment.
According to statistics,So far, more than 40 probes have been sent to VenusOf these, 18 were launched by the Soviet Union, 11 by the United States, and the rest by countries or organizations such as Europe and Japan.
The mission types of these probes are variedThis includes impacts, overflights, orbital entry, atmospheric probing, and landing。Sadly, many probes fail during launch, and some die from each other after entering the atmosphereOthers work on the surface of Venus for only a few minutes or hours before ceasing to function.
Only a handful of probes are able to sustain their work on Venus for a period of time, or to send back some limited and valuable data.
Mariner 2 in the United StatesIt was the first time that a machine had successfully flown by Venus, and the first time in human history that this goal had been achieved. After its launch on August 27, 1962, it flew by Venus on December 14 of the same year, reaching a distance of only 340,000 km.
It sent back radio and microwave data from VenusIt was confirmed that Venus's atmosphere was unusually thick and the surface temperature was extremely high, about 400 degrees Celsius.
Venus 7It was the first Soviet machine in the history of mankind to achieve a successful landing. It was launched on August 17, 1970, and landed on the surface of Venus on December 15 of the same year.
It sent back some atmospheric and surface data from VenusIt was verified that the atmospheric pressure of Venus was 90 times that of the Earth, the surface temperature reached 475 degrees Celsius, and the surface wind speed was 05 to 15 meters. In addition, it sent back some sounds of Venus, but no images were taken.
It is the first time that I have successfully photographed the ** on the surface of this planet. Launched on June 8, 1975, it contains an orbiter and a lander.
The orbiter entered the orbit of Venus on October 20, 1975, and the lander landed on the surface of Venus on October 22 of the same year. The lander sent back some atmospheric and surface data from Venus, as well as the first ** from the surface of another planet.
This ** shows a desolate view of the surface of Venus, with some flat rocks and fissures. The lander was destroyed by high temperatures and pressures after working on Venus for 53 minutes.
Magellan was the first U.S. probe to successfully map the globe of VenusIt is also the first machine that humans have achieved this goal. It was launched on May 4, 1989 and entered the orbit of Venus on August 10, 1990.
High-resolution scanning of the surface of Venus using synthetic aperture radar technologyCompleted more than 98% of the mapping of Venus. A large number of volcanoes, impact craters, geological faults, and mountain ranges have been discovered.
It also measured Venus' gravitational field and found anomalous areas of gravity that may be related to the planet's internal structure. After almost four years on Venus, the mission ended on October 12, 1994It was then guided into the atmosphere of Venus on October 13 and incinerated.
Despite the difficulties and dangers faced by these probes on Venus, they have revealed some of the mysteries of Venus for mankind and taught us more about Earth's neighbors.
However,Venus is still a world full of unknowns and challenges, and human exploration of it is still in the exploration stage. In recent years, a number of new Venus exploration programs have been proposed, such as the Venus Express in Europe, the Venus Climate Orbiter in Japan, and Leonardo da Vinci+ and Veritas in the United States.
These probes will use more advanced technology to conduct more in-depth studies of Venus's atmosphere, surface, interior and surrounding space environmentIt is hoped that important questions about the evolutionary history of Venus, geological and volcanic activity, atmospheric composition, the greenhouse effect, the presence of water, and the possibility of life will be answered. Perhaps in the near future, humanity will have a deeper knowledge and understanding of this hard-to-set world.
In the years to come, we may have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of Venus, revealing the planet's true face. Whether it's a challenge or a miracle,Venus has always been the mysterious and terrifying neighbor of the solar system, waiting for human explorers to move forward bravely and explore more unknown mysteries.
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