China abandons Jiang Xinpo, whether it is a gain or a loss
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Your reading support is our biggest motivation, thank you for your kindness. In the late Qing Dynasty, many of China's territories were occupied by other countries due to political corruption and national weakness, which is deplorable.
However, it is gratifying that since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state has been committed to recovering these lost territories and resolutely safeguarding the integrity of the country's territory.
After years of hard work, we achieved some results, but in the process of trying to regain lost territory, we made a surprising decision in 1960 to abandon Jiangxinpo in Yunnan Province and cede it to Burma.
So, what is the reason behind this?Why did our country take the initiative to give up this precious land?
Jiangxinpo: A large territory located on the border of China and Myanmar, from **Chayu County in the north, near the Savage Mountain and Jiangao Mountain in Kachin State in the south, and to Grape County in Myanmar in the west, with a total area of about 270,000 square kilometers.
The area is dominated by high mountains and basins, and other areas have fewer resources except for Grape County, which has fertile soil and rich minerals. The overall topography is high in the north and low in the south, which is mainly due to the fact that the north is close to China**, which belongs to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the branches of the Himalayas, and although the south is near the Savage Mountain, the height is lower than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The main basins in the region are concentrated in Grape County to the west.
Jiangxinpo, with a special geographical environment, can be roughly divided into three major regions: Jiangtoudi in the north, also known as Kakuga, close to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, affected by cold air and plateau climate, the climate is cold, the growth of crops is limited, and the population is relatively small.
The middle stone in the middle, also known as G'anca;The lower part of the lower Shidan, also known as Lunanka. These two parts are far from the plateau and are less affected by its climate, which is pleasant, with abundant rainfall, abundant vegetation and a higher population density.
However, due to the heavy rainfall, dense vegetation and hot climate, the middle and lower parts have become the frequent areas of diseases and infectious diseases in the Jiangxinpo area.
During the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di carried out reforms here, which strengthened the military strength of the Ming Dynasty and allowed it to gain more territory in various conquests.
However, the climate and environment of Jiangxinpo are harsh, resources are scarce, and transportation is inconvenient, making it unsuitable for human habitation.
In the 11th year of Yongle (1413), in order to strengthen its control over the southwest region, the Ming Dynasty established the "Three Xuanxuan and Six Comforts". The jurisdiction of this administrative body almost included the territory of present-day Burma, northern Thailand, central Laos and part of eastern India, among which Jiangxinpo was under the administration of the Mengyang Military and Civilian Propaganda Mission, which was a very important territory.
However, the good times did not last long, and by the tenth year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1531), due to political corruption and the emperor's neglect of government, the administration of the southwest region gradually weakened, leading to the emergence of independence movements in Burma and other places.
Among the many dynasties, the Taungoo Dynasty, founded by the Burmese people, was the most influential. They gradually unified the administrative regions of the Burmese Dagura Xuanwei Division, the Demasa Xuanwei Division, and other Tusi administrative regions, and the Ming Dynasty at that time was powerless to do anything about it due to political corruption, so that the Taungoo Dynasty was successfully established.
Seeing that the reaction of the Ming Dynasty was not violent, the founders of the Donghu Dynasty realized the problems within the Ming Dynasty and became ambitious, and began to invade the territory administered by the "Three Xuan and Six Comforts", including Jiangxinpo.
However, the results did not turn out as they hoped, and in the end the Taungoo dynasty only owned most of Burma's territory. Despite this, the ambitions of the Taungoo dynasty did not dissipate. During the late Ming Dynasty and the Wanli period, they continued to harass the southwest region and encroached on parts of the territory.
And the Ming Dynasty also occupied part of the territory from them, and the two sides hurt each other. Jiang Xinpo also often switches management rights back and forth between the two countries. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Donghu Dynasty saw the strength of the Qing Dynasty and did not conflict with the Qing Dynasty, and the two sides have been at peace with each other.
It was not until the fall of the Taungoo Dynasty and the establishment of the Yong Kya Dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in Burma, that war broke out between the two sides.
In 1765, the territorial expansion of the Yongzhiya Dynasty caused discontent among the Qing Dynasty, and eventually the "Qing-Burma War" broke out. During the war, the Qing army repeatedly invaded Burmese territory and captured Meng Gong, Mu Bang, Meng Gong and other places.
After the war, Burma became a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty. In 1790, Emperor Qianlong's 80th birthday, the King of Burma came to congratulate, Qianlong named the King of Burma as the "King of Ava Burma", and gave the sovereignty of Menggong, Mubang, Menggong and other regions to Burma.
However, this act led to the blurring of the border between the Qing Dynasty and Burma, and the British took the opportunity to invade and occupy these areas directly. Although the Qing Dynasty argued many times, it could only swallow the bitter fruit in the face of the powerful Britain.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the inaccuracy of the border line, we could only sigh with admiration and at a loss for what to do about the border territory. Especially in the Jiangxinpo area, although the Qing Dynasty has been administering, because of the British invasion, the border has become blurred, and the entire Jiangxinpo area is in an independent state.
The peoples living there formed their own armed forces and resisted the Qing Dynasty and the British co-optation. When Myanmar became independent, Jiangxinpo was occupied by Myanmar, and although the sovereignty is still in our country, the actual administrator is Myanmar.
In order to solve the Sino-Burmese border issue, China signed a border treaty with Myanmar in 1960, giving up its sovereignty over Jiangxinpo in exchange for the three regions of Banhong, Banlao and Pianma.
Some people think that our country will suffer a loss by exchanging Jiangxinpo for Pianma and other places, but this is not the case.
1.Although Jiangxinpo enjoys sovereignty over China, the local ethnic groups have a lower sense of identity and belonging to our country, and are closer to Myanmar. If China forcibly manages it, it may cause resentment and problems among local residents, and affect China's construction and the development of Jiangxinpo.
2.At that time, China had sovereignty over Jiangxinpo, but the actual management was in the hands of Myanmar. If China wants to actually manage Jiangxinpo, it will come into conflict with Myanmar, which is not in line with China's Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
3.In order to determine the border between China and Myanmar, China is faced with the challenge of the border issue in the southwest and the region. Due to the Qing Dynasty's neglect of border issues, the border line in the southwest region was blurred, and there was only one traditional border line as the basis for demarcation.
However, Myanmar does not agree with this demarcation line, and advocates that the 1941 line, which infringes on China's interests, be used as the standard, and the areas including Savage Mountain and Jiangxinpo should be assigned to Myanmar. My country is categorically opposed to such demarcations.
On the border between China and Myanmar, due to territorial disputes, many negotiations have not reached a consensus. During this period, India seized the opportunity to provoke and constantly invaded and occupied southern Tibet. In order to resolve the border issue, China decided to conduct a territorial exchange with Myanmar, exchanging sovereignty over Jiangxinpo for Pianma and other places, and at the same time settling the border dispute.
On the surface, although China has lost Jiangxinpo, it has gained valuable time for development, avoided useless struggles with Myanmar, reduced conflicts, and determined the Sino-Burmese border, so that China can concentrate on development and avoid wasting energy due to border issues.
Thus, in the long run, our country did not suffer as a result of this territorial exchange.