This article tells the story of Deng Ying's super sister who went to Beijing Erqi Locomotive Factory in 1970 to understand the current situation of the work and life of the workers, and talk to everyone.
In the 70s of the 20th century, he took a photo with Deng Yingchao at Beijing Erqi Locomotive Factory.
Sister Deng Ying met us on October 13, 1970, and was very impressed because of her long stay. Many years later, in retrospect, everyone unanimously agreed that the image of Comrade Deng Yingchao in everyone's minds was not only an ordinary ordinary man and a respected elder sister, but also a great man who listened to the opinions of the masses and cared about their weal and woe.
Shortly after I got to work that morning, I accidentally saw through the windowpane that Jia Ting, the director of the factory's military management committee, had accompanied an elderly female comrade into the room next to us, and I didn't take it seriously. After a long time, I learned that Jia Ting was Zhou Jiading, the military secretary of the Prime Minister. In the room where Deng Ying's eldest sister and her entourage walked in, a group of scientific and technological personnel from the Railway Research Institute and the Erqi Factory were cooperating in the development of high-power thyristors and silicon rectifiers for railways.
The house is actually a large room with more than a dozen small rooms in one, a European-style house built by the French and Belgians in the early 20th century, as well as a fireplace, a basement, a tiled bathroom, which happens to be used in various places, the basement is used to store chemical reagents, and the bathroom is a water purification room. This house originally had several doors on the north, east and south sides, and the electronic components were required to be sealed and dustproof, and the other doors were sealed, leaving only one door to pass, and there were shoe racks in the corridor, and slippers and white overshirts were required to enter the room. The first room on the left hand side of the door is the duty room, facing the door of the room to put an iron frame bed welded with scrap steel pipes replaced by a repair locomotive, and under the window of the east wall is an old wooden table that is placed inside, and the room area is not large, about 10 square meters. They entered the house first, and Director Jia knew that he couldn't go any further, so he asked the squad leader Yin Baohua to be called.
Yin Baohua called me and a few other comrades who could temporarily put down their work, and there were seven or eight people. From news documentaries and newspapers, everyone is familiar with the image of Deng Ying's super-eldest sister, and you can recognize it at a glance without introducing it (at that time, most people couldn't see TV). That year, Deng Ying's eldest sister was 66 years old. Among our group, I am just in my early 30s, Yin Baohua is slightly older than me, and compared with Deng Ying's super sister, they are all small characters. There were no chairs in the room, so everyone invited Deng Ying's super sister to sit on the bed, she pulled Yin Baohua to sit on her right, and the others sat and stood. Director Jia stood near the door and said to everyone: "Sister Deng comrades all know, she was entrusted to see everyone, by the way to understand the work and life of the staff, I hope you seek truth from facts, know how much to say." He pointed to Yin Baohua and said to Sister Deng: "His name is Yin Baohua, a member of the Communist Party, and he is the squad leader of this silicon component class, if you have anything, you just have to look for him." He also explained to squad leader Yin: "Sister Deng handed it over to you, she is old, and you are responsible for taking care of it and organizing discussions." I still have something to do, so I won't accompany me, and I'll pick up Sister Deng when I go back. With that, he turned and walked out of the room. We don't know what to call it, since Director Jia is called Sister Deng, we call Sister Deng regardless of age or age, which is very kind.
At that time, the factory was under military control by Unit 8341 (** Guard Force), and the workshop was called the company. There are more than 30 people in the class, divided into three booths: diffusion, sintering, and encapsulation, which can be said to be a combat group. I am the only technician who retains the title of cadre, serving as the head of the sintering stall, leading more than 10 people, responsible for vacuum sintering, cleaning and corrosion, angle grinding and other tasks of silicon element cores.
Receiving Sister Deng is a task personally assigned by the factory leaders, and everyone has concerns in their hearts, and no one is willing to speak easily. Yin Baohua encouraged everyone: "Comrades, don't be restrained, just say whatever comes to mind. "There was still no one to speak, and the scene was stiff and unnatural. Yin Baohua said again: "Otherwise, if you have urgent matters at hand, you will deal with the work first, and then come back." If there is no urgency for the time being, let's talk casually first, don't be nervous, Sister Deng is listening to our reflection of the situation, and it doesn't matter if she is wrong. When he said that, someone went out to work.
In order to liven up the atmosphere, Sister Deng glanced at Yin Baohua and said softly: "You are the squad leader and a party member, just take the lead, you speak first." Lao Yin was ordered, he asked others not to be nervous, he was nervous, he didn't know what to say for a while, stabilized his mood a little, and said in a thick Hebei accent: "Sister Deng, then I'll report to you first, please add other comrades where I didn't say." He briefly introduced our desire to actively develop railway diesel locomotives and strive to realize as soon as possible the first "locomotive that emits black smoke will not enter the capital". At that time, China did not have civil high-power electronic device thyristor and silicon rectifier components, and faced with foreign restrictions and blockades, the Academy of Railway Sciences sent outstanding scientific researchers, allocated advanced equipment, supported precious materials, and closely cooperated with the factory, has been initially made of monocrystalline silicon materials and 200A silicon components, 500A thyristors are also being tested, and the results will be produced soon.
Sister Deng interjected when she heard this: "Okay, thank you, you have all worked hard. Listen to Director Jia, you don't stop working 24 hours a day, right? Everyone replied: "We respond to the call with practical actions." Sister Deng said again and again: "Good, good, ambitious." Then he asked, "Do you have a lot of lesbians here?" I don't know who said half-jokingly and half-seriously: "It is said that women hold up half the sky, and our women are at most half the sky, and there are more women than men." "That's true, I have more than ten people here, only three are men, and the rest are all lesbians. I assigned two women and one boy to each night shift, and asked the gay men in the middle shift to be responsible for sending the lesbians home at night. Sister Deng listened carefully, and from time to time she recorded in a small notebook, she stopped and glanced around and said to everyone: "You are all still young, the days of the revolution are long, you must work hard, and you must also pay attention to your health." Now I'm going to ask a question, and don't be embarrassed to say whoever says it. You call me eldest sister, but you have to be honest with the eldest sister. Everyone waited quietly for Sister Deng to ask, "Squad Leader Yin, I think it's better for you to say it first?" Lao Yin immediately said: "Sister Deng, comrades know that I like to be straightforward, as long as I know it, I promise to report it truthfully, and if I don't know, I have to ask my eldest sister for forgiveness." "Even the surname is omitted, as if he is really talking to his eldest sister. "Well, how much do you earn every month? Everyone was stunned after hearing this, no one from other leaders had ever mentioned this kind of question, and everyone was a little surprised after Sister Deng raised it. Lao Yin quickly came back to his senses and replied: "Workers in the same situation as me are 40 yuan and 1 dime per month, and my secondary school graduates are 1 dime less than real workers, 40 yuan per month, plus 6 yuan in auxiliary wages, a total of 46 yuan, and sick leave and personal leave should be deducted." "How many people in your family, do you have any other income?" Lao Yin was very frank: "I am a worker and farmer, with an old mother and a lover and three children, and a middle peasant in my family. I am the only one working in the factory, and they are all working as members in the rural areas of Guangzong County, Hebei Province. However, the rural area has less money, and I still have cash, which is better than that of pure farmers. Sister Deng took over the conversation and said: "Your income is low, your family lives separately, and life is more difficult. Don't be discouraged, through the joint efforts of the people of the whole country, it will slowly get better. At this time, I interjected: "Lao Yin's lover is especially good at running a family and enduring hardships. Once came to the factory to visit relatives and the child was sick, and he was hospitalized in the Beijing Railway General Hospital for more than a week, only spending 5 yuan, and the mother and son only ate steamed buns and pickles, and drank boiled water that the hospital did not charge for (steamed buns cost two dimes a pound that year). ”
Group photo of some personnel of Beijing Erqi Locomotive Factory**.
Unconsciously, more than an hour has passed, and I have been standing next to **, and Sister Deng asked me: "Aren't you tired of standing all the time?" Why don't you sit? I hurriedly replied: "Before I came to this class, I used to drive machine tools in the workshop, and I couldn't sit, and I stood for a day." It was tiring at first, but after a long time, it became natural. Sometimes when I visit other people's homes, sit and talk, I will stand up unconsciously, as if I have become an occupational disease. Sister Deng seemed to suddenly realize: "Oh, so that's the case." ”
She looked at me, probably because the glasses I was wearing aroused her interest, and asked, "What level of education are you?" What year did you join the work? I hurriedly replied: "I graduated from university, entered the factory on August 26, 1963, and have been working for seven years. Sister Deng asked me kindly, "How much is the salary?" I replied with a bit of humor: "For those with three or five cards, the monthly salary is 55 yuan and 5 jiao, plus 4 yuan auxiliary salary, and the total monthly income is 59 yuan and 5 jiao." The careful Sister Deng found something, and she asked: "The auxiliary salary of several comrades just now is 6 yuan, why do you only have 4 yuan?" I explained: "The factory stipulates that the title of worker is 6 yuan, and the title of cadre is 4 yuan, and I am a technician and a cadre. Sister Deng further asked: "Just a few college graduates are also 6 yuan, if anything goes wrong, if you make a mistake, bring it up to the leader, don't be embarrassed to get it." Sister Deng was afraid that I would have a good face, and taught me to seek truth from facts, I was particularly moved, and I couldn't help but make further explanations: "Although those comrades graduated from university, their titles have been changed to fitters, turners, and electricians, although they are not real workers, but they enjoy the treatment of workers, and the food ration is 4 catties more than me, I am 32 catties per month, and they are 36 catties." Sister Deng first said "oh-" and then said, "Now do the same work, the food ration should be the same." In order to dispel misunderstandings, I had to add another explanation: "I am referring to the number on the grain ration book, and cadres participating in labor are counted according to their attendance, and 2 taels of grain are replenished every day." Sister Deng asked again: "How many people are in your family?" Do you have any other income? I told the truth: "My parents are gone, there are currently 3 people, my lover is an eighth-level teacher in primary school, graduated from an intermediate normal school, and has a monthly salary of 37 yuan." The child is just over two years old and is being cared for by his mother-in-law. My lover has many brothers and sisters, and I have to give her parents 30 yuan a month. ”
After listening to my words, Sister Deng said: "Look at it this way, you are better than them, and you are not rich." Two people go to work, one child, it's good. Have you ever heard of the family planning call of 'one is too little, two is just right, and three is too much'? "I told Sister Deng that I knew this, but I didn't deeply understand the meaning.
When I asked others, I listened and looked at Sister Deng's demeanor: she had short natural hair over her ears, no blowing, no perm or curl, although some of them were gray, and there was little hair loss. The tone of his speech is slow and kind, and his face is kind. Dressed in blue, neither a suit nor a tunic. There are two coverless pockets on the lapels of the jacket, which can only be regarded as casual wear, which has been washed many times, and is a little faded, at most sixty percent new. Walking on the street, like the ordinary people, there is no so-called cadre style, even the grassroots female cadres at that time were much more energetic than her.
The atmosphere of the discussion was relaxed and pleasant, just like a few people chatting normally, but the center of the conversation always revolved around Sister Deng's questions, and it was already more than 11 o'clock in a blink of an eye, and squad leader Yin proposed: "That's all for the general situation, everyone is telling the truth." Can you invite Sister Deng to enjoy the light and visit our work site? After Sister Deng agreed, Lao Yin said: "Everyone will go back to their posts, and Lao Guo will lead the way and briefly introduce Sister Deng." When she walked inside, Sister Deng stopped and said, "You all wear slippers and change into clean work clothes, I can't do this, right?" "We hurriedly told Sister Deng that this is an internal system to ensure product quality, outsiders are not allowed to enter, and the leaders who come occasionally are not hindered, please rest assured that Sister Deng. She also said casually: "Then I'm special." "She walked through every room, sometimes stopping to talk to the staff.
As I walked, I thought, I am fortunate to meet Sister Deng today, and I must send some souvenirs to express the reverence of ordinary people for the leader. What can I give? When I walked to the test bench, I had an idea, opened the sealed box, took out a scrapped 500A thyristor die, and said to Sister Deng: "On behalf of all the staff, I give you and *** a small souvenir, please be sure to accept it, this is not a gift, but a little heart on behalf of the workers." And put this wick on the snow-white filter paper in the glass dish and held it in front of Sister Deng, she may have felt a little surprised by the suddenness of the incident, thought for a moment and said softly: "If this thing is useful, put it on the machine, let it contribute to the revolution and promote production, and make the best use of it." I hurriedly said: "Sister Deng, how nice it would be if our country was run by people like you, there is no problem on the surface of this die, but it is actually a waste product." I have thought of what you said in advance, the finished product is thousands of dollars, how dare I deal with it without permission! As I spoke, I took out a finished product that looked exactly the same, and showed it to her on the test bench, and a completely different image appeared on the phosphor screen, and Sister Deng quipped: "I understand, this is similar to the ECG machine in the hospital, and it won't work if there is a flat line, is that so?" I hurriedly said: "It's not bad at all, or Sister Deng is well-informed, and she understands it at a glance." Sister Deng smiled: "Then I will accept it, and I thank you on behalf of Enlai." "I wrapped it in filter paper and handed it to Sister Deng, only to see her carefully clipped in her notebook.
The size of this tube core is about the same as that of the current one-dollar coin, but the structure is very peculiar: the back is a rare metal molybdenum, the middle is specially treated semiconductor silicon, the front is a gold-antimony alloy, and there is a gold-boron-palladium alloy dot the size of a millet grain on the edge, which is pressed and sintered in a vacuum furnace with spectral pure graphite, which is glittering and easy to preserve like a commemorative coin.
Although only a waste pipe core was given to Sister Deng and *** as a commemoration, everyone felt that it was very meaningful, and although it was small, it symbolized the deep friendship and good wishes of our workers to the Prime Minister and Sister Deng.
The picture shows the trunk freight locomotive successfully developed by Beijing Erqi Locomotive Factory in 1970.
As he was talking, the whistle sounded at noon, and Director Jia came to ** and said: "There are a lot of people on the way to get off work now, please trouble you, I'll go after a while." "Squad Leader Yin asked me and a few other comrades to accompany Sister Deng for a while. For a while, the room was much quieter. I remembered a record in a document, and said: "Sister Deng, we are still villagers!" Sister Deng responded: "Really? Where are you from? I said, "Henan .......""How do you know you're in the same country as me? I said, "What I read in an article is that I am originally from Hui County, Henan Province, north of the Yellow River. ”
Sister Deng said: "Your Henan accent is not strong anymore, how many years have you been out?" I said, "I fled in 1946, as the folk song said at that time: one flat shoulder and two baskets, my father took me to escape the famine." In the chaos of natural disasters and man-made disasters, he could not survive in his hometown, so he walked south from Zhengzhou to beg, first to Hubei, and then to Hunan and Guangxi. After liberation, he went to school, followed the railway construction army to Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, and finally to Beijing. When I was younger, I walked in many places, and my accent changed. In the book, I saw that Sister Deng was also studying in Tianjin when she was a child and engaged in revolutionary activities, but now I can't hear the local accent. Sister Deng said: "Yes, there is no local accent, we all speak Mandarin, isn't it good?" ”
About 15 minutes later, the peak of work has passed, an old sleeping car with no license plate is parked in the courtyard, Comrade Jia Ting picked up Sister Deng, and turned around and waved goodbye to us before getting into the car. Sister Deng stuck her head out of the car window: "Thank you, please rest assured, I promise to do it." ”
This article is selected from the "Reminiscences of the Past" column of the 12th issue of "Zongheng" in 2001, with slight deletions.
Author: Guo Chenshan, a retired cadre of Beijing Erqi Locomotive Factory.