Text|TriumphEast, west, north, south, and middle, make a fortune to Guangdong. The Guangdong Provincial High-quality Development Conference held a few days ago revealedGuangdong has 12.7 billion permanent residents, about 1500 million people live in Guangdong in real timeThe active popularity brings vigorous vitality and prosperous wealth. "Permanent resident population" refers to the population who has lived in a place for more than half a year, which is the embodiment of population energy level; The "real-time population" also includes the population who travel for short-term business, travel, and visit relatives, which is a sign of a place's economic activity. Whether it is a permanent resident population or a real-time population, Guangdong is the first province to the letter. This also means that since 2007, when it overtook Henan for the first time, Guangdong has beenIt has been the largest province in Chinese for 17 consecutive yearsposition. From an international point of view, Guangdong's total economic output has caught up with Russia and South KoreaThe total population is larger than that of JapanIt can be ranked 11th in the world, catching up with the level of many large countries with the strength of a province, and becoming the most outstanding representative of the provincial economy of a large country. One occupies only 1 of the country's land area87% of the provinces have a population of more than 1,100, which is significantly double that before the reform and opening up, which shows its strong attractiveness. The peacock flies southeast, why can Guangdong "grab" so many people? Where are people pouring into Guangdong?
The popularity of Guangdong can be seen from the return army of the Spring Festival transportation "blocked" on the road. "6 hours by car for 22 hours", "I haven't left the province after 1 day", "Hunan rural county roads are crowded with Guangdong A, Guangdong B, Guangdong S" ......On the return trip of the Spring Festival, the most congested highways in the country are Beijing, Hong Kong and Macao, Xuguang, Erguang and Wushen, and the destinations of these routes are all Guangdong without exception. Behind the huge traffic flow are tens of millions of troops returning to Guangdong, "migrant workers" who fly all the way southeast, and countless young people who have the dream of "making money". In this regard, the direction of the return passenger flow of the Spring Festival represents the direction of the national population migration, and it is also the most intuitive indicator of population inflow and outflow. According to the migration map, the return peak of the Spring Festival,The 5 provinces with the most flows to GuangdongrespectivelyGuangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan. 
This coincides with the "hardest-hit areas" of high-speed traffic jams, and also coincides with the data of the seventh national census. According to the data of Qipu, the total size of Guangdong's foreign population is as high as 29.62 million, accounting for about 1.4 of the province's permanent population, ranking first in the country. These migrants mainly come from Guangxi, Hunan, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Guizhou and other provinces, and are basically provinces with large populations and large labor exports. Among the foreign population of Guangdong,There are more than 5 million people from Guangxi and Hunan, and Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Guizhou and other places also have more than 2 million people. 
Compared to the size of the respective registered populationOne out of every eight people in Guangxi and one out of every 13 people in Hunan came to Guangdong. It is not difficult to understand why the Hunan Expressway is jammed with return vehicles such as Guangdong A, Guangdong B, Guangdong E, and Guangdong S. Guangdong was not the most populous province at the beginning. Measured by the resident population, currentlyChina's top 5 most populous provincesThey are Guangdong, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Guangdong is 1With a total population of 2.7 billion, it ranks first. 
Historically, however, Guangdong first became the most populous province in 2007, and before that, the most populous province had always been Henan, Shandong, and Sichuan. At the beginning of the reform and opening up, Guangdong had a population of only 50 million, which was less than that of traditional populous provinces such as Shandong, Henan, and Sichuan, and less than that of Jiangsu, Hunan, etc. Initially, the most populous province was Sichuan. As early as 1990, the total population of Sichuan Province was the first to exceed 100 million, when there were only more than 80 million people in Henan and Shandong, and more than 60 million people in Guangdong. The turning point occurred in Sichuan and Chongqing. In 1997, Chongqing was separated from Sichuan Province, pulled up 10,000 counties, Fuling, Qianjiang and other places, and "reorganized" them into municipalities directly under the central government, cutting off more than 30 million people. StillHenan is the most populous provinceAfter only 10 years, it was caught up by Guangdong in 2007, and since then Guangdong has been the most populous province. At the beginning, with the fertility situation, the populations of Henan, Shandong and Guangdong still had the power to compete;
However, with the peak of the country's population, the downward trend of the birth rate, and the huge impact of population inflow and outflow, Guangdong's leading edge has been increasing. From 1978 to 2023, just over 40 years,GuangdongThe permanent population soared from 50 million to 12.7 billion people, and the real-time population is as much as 1500 million, stagedThe miracle of the great counterattack of the population. Even though the population** has peaked and the permanent population of most provinces has shown negative growth, Guangdong still maintains a strong growth trend. The data shows thatSince 2010, Guangdong has added more than 22 million new permanent residents, while the total new population of the country in the same period was 68 million, and Guangdong accounted for nearly 1 3. The only exception was in 2022. Due to the impact of unexpected factors such as the epidemic, the large-scale movement of population across the country has been restricted, and the permanent population in Guangdong has rarely experienced negative growth. In 2023, with the advent of the post-epidemic era, Guangdong has ushered in a strong population return, and the population inflow index has topped the country for several consecutive months, and this year's Spring Festival trend provides new evidence. From this point of view, 12.7 billion permanent residents, 1A real-time population of 500 million is still not the ultimate cap for Guangdong.
Why is Guangdong's population growing so fast? Since the reform and opening up, Guangdong has added more than 70 million people, which is equivalent to the population of the entire Hebei or most of the Northeast, and the biggest support behind this lies in the economy and industry. People go with the industryThis is the logic of the peacock's flight to the southeast, and it is also the background of Guangdong's soaring population. As the largest economic and industrial province, Guangdong has attracted a large number of young people from the central and western regions in the past few decades, and has attracted countless highly educated talents. At the beginning of the reform and opening up, Guangdong explored "countless firsts" with the help of the policy advantages of being one step ahead and the courage and courage of "daring to be the first in the world", and rapidly transformed from an agricultural province into a "world factory" and became the largest reservoir of employment in the country. East, west, north, south, and middle, make a fortune to Guangdong. It was at that time that the saying spread widely. "Engaging in money and economy" has become many people's first impression of Guangdong. In recent years, in the face of the impact of geopolitical changes, international games and other unexpected factors, Guangdong has taken the lead in advancing into the "no man's land" and "rebuilding a new Guangdong" with high-quality development. Nowadays,Guangdong is leaping from the "world's factory" to a global industrial science and technology innovation center. It has not only cultivated eight industrial clusters of over one trillion yuan, including a new generation of information technology, automobile manufacturing, smart home appliances, software and information services, but also cultivated emerging industries represented by new energy, new materials, a new generation of network communications, artificial intelligence, and low-altitude economy. 
The vigorous development of new quality productive forces and the gradual formation of strategic emerging industries will undoubtedly lay a stronger foundation for Guangdong's future "war for people." Guangdong is not only the largest province in terms of Chinese population, but alsoThe largest province in terms of fertility. Behind the large population increase, in addition to the direct increase brought by the foreign population, the contribution from strong fertility should not be underestimated. According to the latest China Statistical Yearbook 2023, the number of births in Guangdong in 2022 will reach 10520,000, more than the sum of the "free shipping areas" in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, for 5 consecutive years as the country's largest fertility province, and for 40 consecutive years, the birth population has exceeded 1 million. 
When the fertility rate of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai has been declining and even bottoming, why is Guangdong still "the most daring"? Generally speaking, the more developed the economy, the richer the life, the higher the degree of urbanization, the more open the society, the more progressive the concept, the lower the fertility intention, this is the case in developed countries, and the same is true of the disparity in birth rates between the western and coastal areas. Guangdong, however, has become the only exception. In Guangdong, whether it is the Guangfu area or the Chaoshan area, the birth rate is generally higher than the national level, the birth rate of Shenzhen ranks first among major cities, and the birth rate of Shantou is also in the forefront of ordinary prefecture-level cities. Shantou and other places are in the forefront, benefiting from a strong fertility culture. In the Chaoshan area, the clan system is relatively intact. This tradition, in a special historical period, has formed a certain self-protection mechanism, which provides a certain flexibility for the birth policy, and allows the tradition of "more children and more blessings" to be preserved at present. WhileShenzhen and other places are far ahead, and there is no population inflow effect brought about by the "peacock flying southeast". Guangdong's foreign population, mainly young people, has maintained a relatively unique population structure while continuously increasing the total population. According to the latest Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2023, the population over 60 years old in Guangdong is only 1345%, while the country is close to 20%, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai are generally more than 20% or even higher. Thanks to its excellent population structure, Guangdong has not only become the province with the largest contribution to the number of births, but also becomeThe net contribution of pension adjustment and fiscal transfer payment is the largestplace. Compared with the size of the economy, the first place in financial contribution and pension contribution is more valuable for Guangdong.