The Xinhai Revolution was a revolutionary movement in China that was set off by patriots led by Sun Yat-sen to save the country and survive, and it was of epoch-making significance in Chinese history.
In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, China had long lagged behind the countries of the world because of its years of seclusion, coupled with the corruption and incompetence of the Qing Dynasty, so that other countries saw China's weakness. Since the First Opium War, China has been reduced to a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, and its territorial and sovereign integrity has been undermined and its political independence has been lost.
Some patriots in China began to run around trying to find a way to save China. At that time, people proposed two methods, one was to implement a constitutional monarchy on the basis of the Qing Dynasty and change the situation of the monarchy; The other is Sun Yat-sen's proposal to completely end the rule of the Qing Dynasty and establish **. The two sides have their own opinions, and finally decide to go their own ways to save China.
In 1905, Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren and others established the China League as the national revolutionary leadership center. Armed uprisings were launched in various parts of the Qing Dynasty, but because the revolutionaries were weak enough to compete with the Qing army, the uprisings ended in failure.
After that, the League adjusted its revolutionary strategy and reorganized its ranks, and Song Jiaoren decided to take the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the center of gravity of the revolution. The soldiers of the New Army were the main targets of their development by establishing literary societies and communist associations to accumulate revolutionary forces, and the more than 5,000 soldiers of the Wuchang Uprising in the later period joined the revolutionary organization at this time. At the same time, the defeat of the constitutionalists made people from all walks of life see that only revolution is the only way to save the country.
In 1911, because the Qing Dynasty forced the nationalization of the railway, there was a conflict with the masses in Sichuan, resulting in personnel. This move by the Qing Dynasty made people from all walks of life even more dissatisfied, and the wave of resistance became more and more intense. In order to quell the Sichuan uprising, the Qing ** mobilized the Hubei New Army. The members of the Hubei Literary Society and the Communist Association decided to take advantage of the emptiness in the city of Wuchang and launch an uprising. In this way, the Wuchang Uprising fired the first shot of the Xinhai Revolution.
With the outbreak of uprisings in various places, the Qing Dynasty enabled Yuan Shikai to calm the situation. Although the momentum of the revolutionary rebel army was like a rainbow, it was not sure of victory in the face of Yuan Shikai's army. In order to end the war and overthrow the imperial system as soon as possible, Sun Yat-sen issued a statement that as long as Yuan Shikai agreed to the abdication of the Qing Emperor, he would give him the position of ***. Yuan Shikai weighed it, and thought that there was indeed no hope for the Qing **, and there was no need to confront the rebel army for the emperor, and the position of ** also moved Yuan Shikai. With Yuan Shikai's defection. Qing ** is powerless to deal with the situation. On February 12, 1912, the Qing Emperor abdicated, and China's more than 2,000 years of feudal monarchs came to an end.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Sun Yat-sen gave up the position of ** to Yuan Shikai, and Yuan Shikai resolutely moved ** to Beijing and firmly held it in his own hands. Later, the Kuomintang (KMT), the largest and largest political party at the time, was led by Song Jiaoren to limit Yuan Shikai's power through congressional elections. But unexpectedly, Song Jiaoren was assassinated, and Yuan Shikai gained the greatest benefits and became the most powerful person. The fruits of the Xinhai Revolution were stolen by Yuan Shikai and entered the Beiyang period of leadership.
The purpose of the Xinhai Revolution was to overthrow the imperial system and establish a democratic republic. Judging by the results, it is true that the monarch ** was put an end and a national ** was established. However, the existence of ** is only a false name, ** is controlled by Yuan Shikai alone, and a new China of the Three People's Principles has not been created. This was both a success and a failure for the Xinhai Revolution.
However, the revolutionaries led by Sun Yat-sen dared to confront China's more than 2,000 years of feudal history and successfully abolished the imperial system, bringing new ideas to China that was lost at that time, opening up new horizons for exploring the road to save the country and the people, and removing the initial political obstacles to the birth of the Communist Party of China.
Taking people as a reference, you can know the gains and losses; Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall.