The Ming Dynasty removed the Nuer Gandu Division and gradually lost the Northeast
In 907 AD, the collapse of the Tang Dynasty turned the land of China into different regimes, and the northeast region also became one of them. After the changes of five dynasties and ten kingdoms, Song, Liao, and Jin, the Northeast region has always been far from the rule of the Central Plains Dynasty.
However, the arrival of the Yuan Dynasty brought about the reunification of the land of China. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang launched the Northern Expedition in an attempt to recover the homeland of Liaodong, but "defeating it" and "holding it" are completely different things.
The northeast region was the birthplace of nomadic peoples such as the Jurchens, and at the same time bordered the Mongolian plateau, so for Zhu Yuanzhang, two measures needed to be taken immediately: immigration and garrisoning.
From the 28th year of Hongwu to the 31st year of Hongwu, the Ming Dynasty issued orders twice to move the population of the Central Plains to Liaodong and sent vassal kings to lead the army to garrison.
Zhu Quan was stationed in Daningwei at first, and then divided the Han king Zhu Song, the Liao king Zhu Zhi, and the Shen king Zhu Mo to Kaiyuan, Shenyang, and Guangning. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the vassal kings had many heavy troops, and Zhu Yuanzhang placed them on the frontier, mainly out of the consideration of defending the frontier, coupled with the continuous immigration plan, the integration of the Northeast and the Central Plains should not be too far.
After Emperor Jianwen succeeded to the throne, in order to weaken the power of the local feudal kings, he implemented a policy of reducing the feudal domains, which led to the outbreak of the Jingjin Campaign. After Zhu Di ascended the throne, he continued the policy of cutting feudal domains, and the four major feudal kings in the northeast were abolished one after another.
After the evacuation of the vassal kings, the Ming Dynasty needed to fill the military vacuum left behind, so during the Yongle period, Zhu Di frequently made expeditions to the north.
The military rule in the northeast of the Ming Dynasty gradually weakened, and from the Yongle Emperor onwards, the status of the Nuer Gandu Division, the ruling body of the Ming court, gradually declined. In the ninth year of Zhu Zhanji's succession, the Nuer Gandu Division was abolished, and the guard office under its jurisdiction was directly under the orders of the Liaodong Metropolitan Division.
During the Ming Dynasty, the demise of Nuer Gandusi led to the loss of power in the northeast, and the Ming Dynasty adopted a loose system of restraints to ensure that the Jurchen chieftains recognized the Ming suzerainty.
Despite this, for a long time, friendly relations were maintained between the two sides, and the appointment and succession of the Jurchen ministries were also approved by the Ming dynasty.
New copywriting: The Ming Dynasty suffered a turning point during the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, due to the change of Tumubao caused by Zhu Qizhen's hasty northern expedition, and the main force of the three major battalions of the Beijing Division suffered serious losses, which made the attitude of the Jurchen tribe towards the Ming Dynasty begin to become contemptuous.
Despite this, the emaciated camel was bigger than the horse, and the overall strength of the Ming Dynasty was still far superior to that of the Jurchens. Until the Chenghua period, the imperial court twice sent troops to the northeast, beheaded and captured a large number of traitors, this event was called "Chenghua Plough Court", once again proved the great strength of the Ming Dynasty.
In order to prevent the Jurchen tribe from encroaching again, the Ming Dynasty has been committed to building fortifications on the northeastern frontier from Hongzhi, Zhengde to Jiajing. However, these fortifications did not prevent sporadic encroachments.
It was not until the Ming Dynasty sent Li Chengliang to guard Liaodong that the situation changed. Although later generations disputed Lee's methods, in the short term, his tactics did work.
His strategy was to prop up one tribe and fight another. In the beginning, he used the Haixi Jurchens to suppress the other tribes. However, when he discovered that the Haixi Jurchens had grown, he began to support the Jianzhou Jurchens against the Haixi Jurchens.
However, Li Chengliang underestimated Nurhachi, the leader of the Jianzhou Jurchens, and eventually led to the loss of the entire territory of Liaodong at the hands of the Jianzhou Jurchens.
Nurhachi was weak when he was young, but he successfully encircled Li Chengliang and secretly strengthened his strength. By the time of Li Chengliang's death, the Jianzhou Jurchens already had tens of thousands of soldiers and horses, surpassing the Ming garrison.
Three years later, Nurhachi launched the Ming War, but the Ming counterattack was almost completely wiped out.
In the battle known as the "Battle of Sarhu", the Ming Dynasty's four-way army, together with Korean reinforcements, was ruthlessly defeated by the Eight Banners Army. From then on, the Ming Dynasty was no longer able to organize an offensive at the strategic level, and the northeast region was gradually encroached upon by the Later Jin.