The level of pension is directly related to the basic living security of retirees in their later years. According to the current basic pension insurance system, only insured employees who have paid contributions for 15 years and reached the statutory retirement age can retire and receive a basic pension on a monthly basis. Generally speaking, the basic pension of retirees consists of three parts, namely the basic pension, the personal account pension and the transitional pension (who participated in the work and participated in the insurance and paid contributions before January 1, 1996).
The formula for calculating the basic pensionSince the abolition of the "dual-track system" in 2014, retirees of government institutions and retired employees of enterprises adopt the same basic pension insurance system, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Basic pension = pension calculation base in the region where the year of retirement (1 + average contribution index) 2 Payment period 1%;
Personal account pension = personal account storage amount Number of months of transitional pension = pension calculation base in the region where the year of retirement x average contribution index x payment period before the establishment of personal account x transitional pension calculation coefficient.
Factors affecting the basic pensionFrom the above pension calculation formula, it is not difficult to see that the factors affecting the level of the basic pension of retirees mainly include the calculation base of the pension in the region where the retirement year is located, the average contribution index, the payment period, the payment amount, the retirement age and the retiree's own payment period before the establishment of a personal account in the local area.
Generally speaking, the two major factors affecting the pension level of retired enterprises and institutions in the same area and the same age are the amount of contributions and the number of years of payment. According to the basic principle of "pay more, pay more, pay longer", the higher the amount of contributions and the longer the payment period, the higher the level of pension after retirement.
Analysis of the current situation of retirementFirst, the overall level of pensions is low, and the gap between urban and rural areas is large
Referring to the "2022 Statistical Communiqué on the Development of Human Resources and Social Security" issued by the Ministry of Human Resources, the annual expenditure of urban employees' pension insurance in 2022 was 5,903.5 billion yuan, and the total number of insured retirees was 136.44 million. From these two data, it can be deduced that the monthly per capita basic pension of urban insured retired workers in 2022 will be 3,605 yuan, and from a world perspective, there is still a huge gap compared with developed countries, and the pension level between urban and rural areas is as much as 17 times different.
Second, the retirement age is generally lowThe choice of retirement after reaching a certain age is a labor employment system commonly adopted by all countries in the world. China's current statutory retirement age is 60 years old for male workers, 50 years old for female employees, and 55 years old for female cadres, and it is worth mentioning that this policy has gone through more than 70 years and has never been adjusted, which is not suitable for the current economic and social environment. Therefore, many experts and scholars have called for the reform of the current statutory retirement age system for the following reasons:
The current statutory retirement age no longer matches the average life expectancyIt is reported that China's average life expectancy has increased from about 40 years old in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to 7793 years old, of which the average life expectancy of urban residents has increased to 80 years. Under this situation, the current statutory retirement age and the average life expectancy no longer match, so it is necessary for the state to make appropriate adjustments to the statutory retirement age to adapt to the continuous increase in the average life expectancy.
The current statutory retirement age is no longer suitable for the development trend of population aging
By the end of 2022, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above in China has exceeded 2800 million, accounting for 198%。Compared with 2017, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above increased by 0400 million, with a population share of 25%, the overall development trend of aging will be further intensified, and China will gradually move from moderate aging to a severely aging society. In this context, the age structure of the working population has also changed, and the working-age population has shown a trend of decreasing year by year. Therefore, it is necessary for the state to make appropriate adjustments to the current statutory retirement age to adapt to the trend of population aging at this stage.
The extension of the number of years of education and the continuous shortening of the working years are not conducive to the full utilization of human resources
At present, the statutory retirement age is 65 years old in most developed countries in the world, and some developing countries have gradually raised the retirement age. Compared with other countries, China's current statutory retirement age is significantly lower. Moreover, with the continuous extension of the number of years of education, the working years of the working population continue to shorten while the statutory retirement age remains unchanged, resulting in a decrease in the utilization rate of human capital. There is no doubt that this trend is obviously not conducive to the country's long-term development planning, and the retirement age policy needs to be improved.
From 2025, the retirement age will be gradually postponed; Retirees aged 60 and over get 10 more pensions? Is it true?
In the "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035" issued by the state in 2021, the state clearly stated that it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the increase in per capita life expectancy, the acceleration of the aging trend of the population, the increase in the number of years of education, and the change in the structure of the labor force, and gradually postpone the statutory retirement age in accordance with the principles of small step adjustment, flexible implementation, classified promotion, and overall consideration, so as to promote the full utilization of human resources. Based on this policy background, many provinces and cities such as Beijing, Shandong, and Jiangsu have also launched relevant work such as soliciting opinions on the gradual postponement of the statutory retirement age reform.
Then the question arises, about the online "From 2025, the retirement age will be gradually postponed; Retirees aged 60 and above will receive an extra 10% pension", is the rumor true or false?
First of all, let's look at the first half of this sentence - "from 2025, the retirement age will be gradually postponed". It is undeniable that the so-called "small step adjustment" refers to the fact that the reform plan to delay the statutory retirement age will not pursue "one-step implementation", that is, adopt a gradual reform approach, delay it by a few months every year or delay it by one month every few months, and gradually implement it in a smaller increment. As for whether the specific implementation plan for the gradual extension of the statutory retirement age in 2025 will be implemented, it is still unclear.
Next, let's look at the second half of this passage - "retirees aged 60 and above receive an additional 10% pension". According to the current policy, it can be said with great certainty that there is a deviation between this statement and the facts, 100% false, because the adjustment of the basic level of pension needs to consider a variety of factors, and the pension of 10% more for retirees aged 60 and above will increase the payment pressure of basic pension insurance on the one hand, and increase the social burden; On the other hand, specific to different individuals, the proportion of pension adjustment increase is related to factors such as the number of years of payment, the level of basic pension, and the level of economic development. In addition, according to the average adjustment ratio in the past five years, the average adjustment level of the basic pension of retirees is only 4% to 5%, which is less than 10% at all. Therefore, based on these points, the above statement cannot be established.
Conclusion
On the whole, in order to cope with the overall low retirement age, the acceleration of the aging process of the population, the increase in life expectancy, the change in the structure of the labor force and other factors, the state has proposed to gradually delay the statutory retirement age in accordance with the principles of small step adjustment, flexible implementation, classification promotion, and overall consideration. However, the details of the reform plan and when it will be implemented have not yet been announced. In addition, it has to be mentioned that the adjustment policy of the basic pension of retirees should be subject to national and local announcements, and there are many rumors on the Internet that are not necessarily true, and we must not be misled by false information.