Zhang Xueliang: After 54 years of solitary confinement, who are the three people he admires the most?
Zhang Zuolin's life was full of ups and downs and hardships, but he always adhered to his beliefs and worked hard. His son Zhang Xueliang was deeply influenced by him, and his admiration for his father spontaneously arose.
Zhang Zuolin's methods are undoubtedly first-class, and his resoluteness and courage in the face of foreign invasion and his attitude towards Japan and the Soviet Union are amazing. He worked as a veterinarian, a horse doctor, and a bandit, but all this did not make him lose his love and pursuit of life.
He is a true warrior who deserves our admiration and learning.
After Zhang Zuolin married Zhao Chungui, he began his officialdom career with the support of the Zhao family and the bribery of his boss Zhang Xiluan. Although he made a bad impression on the officialdom, he was not a man who was superior and dictating to his subordinates.
In the early wars, he always rushed to the front, fearless of life and death. In addition to extraordinary courage, Zhang Zuolin's marksmanship can also be called a hundred steps. It is said that he performed in front of soldiers, and he could use a copper or iron brand from 100 meters away, and he could hit accurately every time.
Zhang Xueliang once described: "My father once used a gun to hit a sign in the distance, and every time he could hit it, it was very powerful. ”
In addition to riding horses and playing guns, Zhang Zuolin's biggest hobby is playing mahjong. He has been in and out of casinos since he was a child, and he knows everything about gambling.
Of course, for Zhang Zuolin, playing mahjong is just a pastime, and the main purpose is to better communicate with his family or subordinates. Although he is such a father, in Zhang Xueliang's eyes, he is very annoying.
Zhang Zuolin is very feudal, he personally decides all the major matters of his children's marriage, but he himself is very attentive. In Zhang Xueliang's opinion, if it weren't for his father marrying so many aunts, maybe his mother would have lived longer.
However, what disgusted Zhang Xueliang the most was that his father ordered his friend Guo Songling to be executed. Guo Songling launched the War of Rebellion, and as a result, he was shot because of Feng Yuxiang's betrayal and defeat in the war, and the violent body was buried for three days.
Zhang Xueliang's misunderstanding and estrangement of Zhang Zuolin stemmed from the incident in which his father was killed by the Japanese, which caused him to keep a distance from his father for a long time and suffer from symptoms of insanity.
However, as time passed, Zhang Xueliang gradually understood his father's difficulties and methods, and began to admire his father's ability and integrity. Zhang Zuolin is the youngest of the Feng warlords, but he sits in the first position, and with his ability and means, as well as his vast integrity and precise choice, he has single-handedly supported the political situation in the Northeast for decades, making everyone loyal to him.
Zhang Xueliang once said: "In terms of dealing with the Japanese, my father is better than me, he deals with the Japanese, that is called coping well, he is both soft and hard but never falls for the Japanese, I admire him very much." ”
In that era, warlords often needed to establish contacts with foreign forces in order to strengthen their own power, and Zhang Zuolin, as a warlord occupying the northeast, was naturally no exception, especially with the Soviet Union and Japan.
However, unlike other warlords, Zhang Zuolin showed unique wisdom and courage in his relations with Japan, and he successfully used a "two-faced" diplomatic method of "flattering the Japanese and the bad" on the outside, that is, on the surface catering to Japan's demands, but secretly trying to resist them.
Zhang Zuolin knows very well that relations with Japan cannot be blindly weak or excessively aggressive. He is well versed in the psychology of the Japanese, and when he needs Japan's support, he will actively show a pro-Japanese image and meet Japan's needs in various ways; And when Japan's aggressive posture threatens the foundation of its rule, he will resolutely resist and firmly defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Zhang Zuolin's diplomatic tactics enabled him to maneuver with ease in his relations with Japan, winning Japan's support and successfully resisting Japan's aggression, thus demonstrating his deep love for the country and the nation.
His wise and courageous diplomatic strategy undoubtedly injected new vitality into the chaotic political situation in China at that time.
Zhang Zuolin's attitude in dealing with the Japanese soldier's killing of two of his soldiers is enough to see his fortitude and firmness. He insisted that the Japanese pay for their lives and was angry at the result of the government's compensation.
Although he did not act rashly due to the situation at that time, a few days later, he personally found a group of people to kill three of the Japanese, leaving 1,500 taels of silver.
When the Japanese approached him for a theory, he responded to them in his own way. This story fully demonstrates Zhang Zuolin's courage and determination, as well as his deep concern for the soldiers.
This story shows Zhang Zuolin's courage and firm belief, he was not afraid of strong enemies, and fought against Japanese forces in order to protect the dignity of the motherland and his own interests. Although the incident made the Japanese wary of him, his determination did not waver.
In the process of dealing with Japan, Zhang Zuolin accepted the first aid from the Japanese army, but after receiving the equipment, he refused to fulfill his promise to protect the railway operation rights of the three eastern provinces, because he understood that once the railway fell into the hands of Japan, China's fate would face a huge crisis, and his position would not be guaranteed.
In the end, the Japanese diplomat had to ask Zhang Zuolin when the past promises would be fulfilled, and Zhang Zuolin said firmly: "Promises? What promises? Do you think a bandit will keep his promise?
How naïve! This story shows Zhang Zuolin's decisiveness and tenacity, he dared to challenge strong enemies and was not afraid of sacrifice for the dignity and interests of the motherland.
Zhang Zuolin never gave away the right to operate the railway during his lifetime, always adhered to the national interests, refused to be a puppet of Japan, his fortitude and integrity, so that his son Zhang Xueliang was deeply admired, often boasted that "my father is stronger than me", and highly praised the wisdom and selfless patriotism of the prime minister.
On April 9, 1936, Zhang Xueliang and *** met in Yan'an, which left a deep impression on him. Prior to that, Zhang Xueliang had commanded the Northeast Army to carry out the operation of "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army, but the result was that the Northeast Army was almost defeated by the Red Army and suffered heavy losses.
This meeting made Zhang Xueliang realize that if the fight against the Red Army continued, the Northeast Army might face even greater losses. So, he decided to cooperate with the Red Army and fight against Japan together.
This meeting played an important role in promoting China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and also left a deep impression on Chinese history with Zhang Xueliang's name.
When they met for the first time, the warm handshake between the two and the opening remarks full of smiles immediately shortened the distance between them. "I grew up in the Northeast. "* said proudly.
It turned out that ** studied in the Northeast when he was young, so he claimed to be from the Northeast as well. Zhang Xueliang also responded with a smile: "I know that the teacher Zhang Boling once mentioned you to me, and he is full of praise for you and is always proud of you." ”
** Surprised and asked, "Are you also a student of Zhang Boling?" Zhang Xueliang said frankly: "When I was young, I was ignorant and addicted to smoking. Later, Zhang Boling persuaded me to quit smoking because I had old friends with him, and I worshipped him as a teacher. ”
Like old friends, the two exchanged views on the War of Resistance Against Japan in a relaxed atmosphere.
During the talks, ** made a profound and incisive exposition on how to resist Japan and save the country, which made Zhang Xueliang deeply admired; Zhang Xueliang put forward a proposal to the Chinese Communist Party to force Chiang to resist Japan, and generously donated 20,000 yuan to support the Red Army's resistance against Japan.
This meeting is the first encounter between Zhang Xueliang and ***, after which they will jointly witness the world-renowned "Xi'an Incident". On December 12, 1936, General Zhang Xueliang and General Yang Hucheng took advantage of Chiang Kai-shek's visit to Xi'an to urge them to "suppress the Communists" and launched "military advice" to force Chiang Kai-shek to agree to join the Communists in the War of Resistance.
However, after the "military admonition", there was an undercurrent of forces on all sides, and for warlords or politicians who had enmity with Chiang Kai-shek or wanted to seek personal gain, they used various means to worsen the situation and try to force Zhang Xueliang to kill Chiang Kai-shek.
Faced with this situation, Zhang Xueliang was very entangled, and at this time, **was ordered to go to Xi'an on behalf of ** to agree on a solution with Zhang Xueliang.
** At the first meeting with Zhang Xueliang, he frankly expressed the attitude of the Red Army. He realized that although the foreign enemy was present, for the sake of the country, it was necessary to protect Chiang Kai-shek's life, so that he could unite the military forces of the whole country to resist Japan together.
When negotiating with the representatives of Nanjing, while insisting on the overall situation, he also understood the pressure faced by Zhang Xueliang and gave him full support. It is the sincerity and affinity of *** that won Zhang Xueliang's admiration.
In December of the same year, the Xi'an Incident, with the efforts of *** and Zhang Xueliang and others, obtained Chiang Kai-shek's promise to jointly resist Japan.
After the negotiations on the Xi'an Incident, Zhang Xueliang came out of anger against Chiang Kai-shek"Leader image"scruples, it was decided to personally escort Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing. However, he did not anticipate that a half-century of captivity awaited him.
After learning of this news, ** repeatedly submitted requests to Nanjing to release General Zhang Xueliang. For example, in 1946"CPPCC meeting"During the period, ** bluntly stated:"If we want to negotiate between the KMT and the CCP, we must first release General Zhang Xueliang, who promoted the cooperation between the KMT and the CCP.
He is missed and we sincerely hope that he will be free. "In December of the same year, it was commemorated in Yan'an"Double Twelve"At the 10th anniversary meeting, ** once again strongly called for the immediate release of General Zhang Xueliang.
After decades, ** has always adhered to the position of the Communist Party of China and repeatedly appealed to Chiang Kai-shek for the release of General Zhang Xueliang, but Chiang Kai-shek has always shirked his responsibilities and refused to release him on various grounds.
** General Zhang Xueliang is not only full of nostalgia, but also highly praised his personal qualities and historical achievements. According to General Wang Tiehan's recollection, at every meeting, Zhang Xueliang would be mentioned, and he praised Zhang Xueliang for his purity and patriotism, quick political response, and greater dominance than Chiang Kai-shek.
He said that Mr. Zhang Xueliang has a strong sense of patriotism, a natural ability to command, a man of virtue, benevolence, and capacity, and a great wisdom, courage, and strategy in handling government affairs.
Zhang Xueliang once commented that *** except for *** and my father Zhang Zuolin, I don't think anyone else can have natural leadership like him. He knew that in order for his soldiers to remain loyal and steadfast in the face of difficulties and obstacles, it required not only a kind of ability, but also a kind of leadership charisma.
A true leader. In Zhang Xueliang's mouth, he is such a magical existence: "If it were me, I would take my soldiers to the Long March, and before the Long March was over, the people would run out." ”
However, ** did not run away from difficulties like others, he resolutely led the Red Army and embarked on the road of the Long March. They walked 25,000 miles, crossed 14 provinces, climbed 18 mountains, crossed 24 rivers, walked grasslands, and climbed snow-capped mountains.
In such a harsh environment, the Red Army still closely followed the leadership of ***, and finally in October 1936, it successfully arrived in Shaanxi, completed the Long March, and achieved a phased victory.
When Zhang Xueliang heard that the Red Army's Long March had successfully arrived in Xi'an, he couldn't help but sigh: "* This person has his ability and leadership, and this person is very powerful. ”
Zhang Xueliang took a keen interest in the leading figure of the Communist Party. During the Xi'an Incident, he talked with *** and gained an in-depth understanding of ***'s thoughts and deeds.
So, Zhang Xueliang was eager to meet the legend in person. However, despite his many appointments, each time he failed due to various unexpected circumstances.
For example, in the spring of 1936, Zhang Xueliang held two secret talks with Li Kenong on behalf of the Northeast military, and the two agreed to take the line of joining forces to resist Japan. However, at the time of the second negotiation, serious disagreements arose.
Since Zhang Xueliang did not know Li Kenong's position in our party, he said that he hoped to negotiate directly with *** or ***. However, at that time, *** was busy fighting in the Eastern Crusade and could not take time to go to the appointment, so Zhang and Mao missed the first meeting.
Soon, the Eastern Expedition was unfavorable, and the Red First Army withdrew to northern Shaanxi. At this time, our party learned that Zhang Xueliang had "anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang determination", and decided to arrange for him to meet with ***.
At the Politburo meeting, ** immediately drew up a plan for the struggle for the defense of the North-West**. At the same time, plans for the Red Army's westward march were also put on the agenda. At this time, the Kuomintang army was constantly crossing the river to track down the Communists, and the Northeast Army led by Zhang Xueliang was forced to accept Chiang Kai-shek's orders to advance into the hinterland of the Soviet area.
In this case, Zhang Xueliang and the leaders of the Communist Party must consult and develop a response strategy as soon as possible. So, in early May of the same year, Zhang Xueliang asked to meet with the leaders of the Communist Party again.
After learning the news, **, and others said that it was very necessary to meet again, and Zhang Xueliang should decide on the time and place as soon as possible, and two of them could go.
However, in the end, at the appointed time, only *** came to the appointment. Because at this time, *** and *** are presiding over a meeting of cadres above the military commission in Yanchuan Daxiang Temple, although Daxiang Temple is only more than 250 miles away from Yan'an, but due to the entangled affairs of ***, the second meeting was finally missed with Zhang Xueliang.
At the third meeting a month later, the opportunity came again. In June 1936, Liangguang raised troops against Chiang, and Song Zheyuan, Han Fuyu, Liu Xiang and others were eager to try. Faced with this situation, the CCP decided to speed up its implementation"Northwest Defense**"Plan.
So the Red Army strengthened its ties with the Northeast Army. Zhou asked Wang Yizhe to convey Brother Liu Ding and ask him to come to Washi for an interview and urge Liu Ding"Let's get going"。During this period, Zhang Xueliang made a request to join the CCP and met with the CCP in Washi.
Liu Ding informed the CCP of the incident. Zhang Xueliang also said that he is willing to cooperate with the Red Army and work together, hoping to achieve great achievements within two years. After the CCP learned of this, Zhou and Mao called Liu Ding,"Be sure to meet in Ansai, if there is something important to discuss, don't make a mistake. "
On the day of the meeting, leaders of the Chinese Communist Party such as Zhang Wentian, ** Bogu, Wang Jiaxiang, and Li Kenong gathered in Ansai to discuss important matters. "
A major incident occurred at the site of the Ansai Revolution because Liu Ding made an important announcement. ** thought that Zhang Xueliang or Wang Yizhe would come, so all the ** leaders gathered in Ansai City.
Although the specific content of the Ansai meeting has not been disclosed, it can be confirmed that Zhang and Wang did not appear, and the meeting between Zhang and Mao fell through again. Some people say that Zhang and Mao have met with security guards, but this is unconfirmed, and it was not confirmed until Zhang Xueliang personally said after the liberation that he had never seen ***.
Although Zhang Xueliang failed to realize his wish to meet *** in his life, this did not prevent him from admiring ***. If Zhang Xueliang admires ***, it is because of his selfless personality.
And Zhang Xueliang's admiration for *** is more due to his personality charm and personal ability.
The three people that Zhang Xueliang admired in his life: deep resourcefulness and outstanding talent, all of which had a profound impact on his career. Although Zhang Xueliang's life was full of controversy, he did change the war situation and political situation in modern China by launching the "military admonition" and promoting the Xi'an Incident, and his ardent love for the country is beyond doubt.