Aeronautics and Astronautics Science and Technology: the first-level discipline of aerospace science and technology; The launch of spacecraft and the first spacecraft have to pass through the atmosphere, which makes aerospace have an inevitable connection. In addition to "rockets, missiles," and so on, it is also difficult to distinguish some new "aerospace vehicles" simply by "aerospace." For example, reusable "space shuttles, aerospace planes", etc., although they operate in orbits outside the atmosphere, they must fly like airplanes when entering and returning from space. Therefore, the term aerospace encompasses both the science necessary to carry out aerospace activities and the various technologies involved in the development of "aerospace vehicles". From a scientific point of view, aviation and aerospace are "closely linked" and should also be linked with "navigation"; for example, the "space ocean-going survey ship" is a special ship for tracking, measuring, controlling, and transmitting data from spacecraft and carrier rockets, and is also a maritime mobile tracking and control station of the aerospace tracking and control network.
In 1951, the state issued the "Decision on the Construction of the Aviation Industry", but later there was a debate on the importance of aviation and aerospace in the world, when the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev said a very famous sentence, missile technology will determine the success or failure of the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the biggest impact on the country is the view of Qian Xuesen, a famous rocket expert in China, his view is that airplanes are much more complex than missiles, and they are more expensive than missiles, and China should take the road of missiles first and then airplanes.
Soon after Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955, he began to prepare for the establishment of China's aerospace industry and drafted the "Opinion on the Establishment of China's National Defense Aviation Industry". At that time, there was no word "missile", and "at the same time, for the sake of secrecy", Qian Xuesen replaced the rocket missile with "defense aviation industry". The original Chinese translation of the missile had three names: "rocket**", "controllable rocket" and "missile". Qian Xuesen repeatedly deliberated on the Chinese translation of scientific names, and pioneered the word "missile", which explained two meanings, which not only meant that it could be remotely controlled and guided, but also that it was a bomb.
On January 15, 1955, the first enlarged meeting made a major decision to develop the aerospace industry and atomic energy, which opened the prelude to the development of "rockets, missiles, and artificial satellites". "October 8, 1956" is a year worthy of eternal remembrance in China's aerospace history. Qian Xuesen, who returned to China, was appointed "president" of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and the foundation stone of China's rocket and missile industry was officially laid. Rockets and missiles are not only the country's "defense weapons" but also the "primary tools" for the development of the aerospace industry, so this day is also regarded as the anniversary of the establishment of China's aerospace industry.
Before Qian Xuesen proposed the term "aerospace," China called the navigation and exploration of spacecraft outside the atmosphere "astronautics," or "astronautics" for short. However, he believes that human flight activities in space have been confined to the solar system for a long time, and it is an exaggeration to call it "space travel." After comprehensive consideration by many parties, on September 11, 1967, Qian Xuesen first proposed the new term "aerospace" in his speech at the opening ceremony of the retrievable satellite program demonstration meeting, which was adopted by the legislature in 1982.
Whether it is aviation or aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aeronautics and Astronautics Science and Technology: "Discipline evaluation is A+", tied for "the first in the country", some scientific research achievements have surpassed the West, and "world-famous", which is also an important factor in the United States' cyber attack on Xi'an University of Technology.
National University of Defense Technology: It is the "main successor" of the Harbin Military Engineering College of the former Chinese People's Liberation Army, and its School of Aerospace Science originated from the "Department of Missile Engineering" established under the Kazakh Military Industry in 1959. Aeronautics and Astronautics Science and Technology; Subject Assessment B+
Harbin Institute of Technology: "Because of previous historical factors", in June 1987, Harbin Institute of Technology merged the Department of Control Engineering and the Department of Radio Engineering to establish the School of Astronautics. Aeronautics and Astronautics Science and Technology; Subject Assessment B+
In 1952, the faculties of the People's Republic of China were readjusted, and the colleges and universities were abolished, and the two-level management of "schools and departments" was implemented. The two-level management of schools and colleges began in 1980 when the Ministry of Education issued a document agreeing to the "opinions of Chinese Renmin University, the State Planning Commission, the National Bureau of Statistics and the State Price Bureau", and Chinese Renmin University established the School of Planning and Statistics.
On July 7, 1937, the Japanese army provoked the "Lugou Bridge Incident".
On July 8, 1937, the Communist Party of China issued a nationwide telegram: Compatriots of all China! Pingjin is in danger! North China is in danger! The Chinese nation is in danger! Only when the whole nation carries out the war of resistance is our way out!
On July 29, 1937, Beiping fell, and the Japanese army carried out a heavy bombardment of Tianjin. The targets of the Japanese bombing mainly include the city, the police station, the security team station, as well as the ** bureau, the post office, Nankai University, etc. Tianjin has almost no traces of skin, became an isolated city, and Tianjin fell on the 30th.
On March 2, 1938, Shanxi was lost, the Japanese invaders occupied Fenglingdu, Tongguan was in an emergency, Xi'an Linda began to move south to Hanzhong on March 16, thousands of teachers and students set off on foot, traveled long distances, crossed the Wei River, crossed the Qinling Mountains, crossed the Chaiguan, and marched more than 500 miles to Fengling, and all arrived in Hanzhong in early April, and on March 3, the National Xi'an Provisional University was renamed the National Northwest Associated University. In March 1938, the Japanese artillery bombardment put great pressure on the defense of Tongguan, but its river-crossing attack was unsuccessful, preventing the Japanese army from attacking Shaanxi. From 1937 to 1944, the Japanese army carried out a total of 147 air raids on Xi'an, flew 1,232 enemy aircraft and dropped 3,657 bombs, killing 2,719 people and destroying 7,972 houses."
Northwestern Polytechnical University.
The "aviation" of Northwestern Polytechnical University originated from the wartime universities formed after the outbreak of the "77 Incident": Northwest Associated University (Beiping University, Beiping Normal University, Beiping Research Institute, Beiyang University) School of Engineering and Northeastern University School of Engineering, private Jiaozuo Institute of Technology, in 1938 in Shaanxi "Guluba", the merger of the formation of the Northwest Institute of Technology "Beiyang Institute of Technology Department of Aeronautical Engineering" was founded in 1935, when Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University had mechanical departments set up aviation machinery group, Nanjing University was the original ** universityThe Department of Aeronautical Engineering, headed by the Beiyang Institute of Technology, and the "Department of Aeronautical Engineering of the Northwest Institute of Technology" was also the "only in-class" aeronautical engineering department in China, which was poor and weak in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, and 90% of the universities in China at that time were "destroyed and fallen by the Japanese army".
*The films and television "Guluba Lights", "You Are My Glory", "Chasing Dreams in the Blue Sky", "National Blood of the Main Battlefield in the East", etc., have all reproduced real history.
During the construction of New China, the state also East China Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Nanjing University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, Department of Aeronautics), Kazakhstan military industry "Air Force Department", etc., at that time the "strongest aviation department" in China, successively merged into the West University of Technology (Northwest Institute of Technology), in 1952 West University of Technology (Northwest Institute of Technology) participated in the formation of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (formerly Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics), in 1958 when he was the "dean" of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, Qian Xuesen, nominated" Academician Chen Shilu, one of the pioneers and founders of China's aerospace industry and aerospace education, founded the earliest Department of Aerospace Engineering of Xi'an University of Technology (School of Astronautics of Xi'an University of Technology) in China, one of China's four major aerospace bases, and the earliest "Jiuquan National Space Launch Center", which was established almost at the same time.
In 1957, "President Qian Xuesen" of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense sent a personal letter to the teachers and students of the Western University of Technology when he was preparing to establish the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Western University of Technology.
In 1958, China's first "artificial earth satellite" was pre-researched and successfully launched on April 24, 1970, creating a new era in China's aerospace history, making China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch artificial earth satellites after the Soviet Union, the United States, France and Japan.
1975-1988: During the creation of "Ordinary World", the famous writer Lu Yao personally went to Northwestern Polytechnical University to experience an interview, in which he was named Sun Shaoan and Sun Shaoping's little sister, and Sun Lanxiang, the "inspirational soul of the book", was admitted to North China Polytechnical University.
Lu Yao's "Ordinary World" created and published the essay "Morning Starts at Noon".
At the 2024 CCTV New Year's Day and New Year's Eve party, students from Xi'an University of Technology will represent China Aerospace on CCTV.
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
On October 25, 1952, Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics was established. It is established by the aviation departments of Tsinghua University, Northwestern Polytechnical University (formerly Northwest Institute of Technology), Tianjin University (formerly Beiyang University), Xiamen University, Beijing Institute of Technology (formerly North China University School of Engineering), Chongqing Jianzhu University (formerly Southwest Polytechnic College), Sichuan University, Yunnan University, etc.
In 1958, "Academician Tu Shouye, one of the pioneers and founders of China's aerospace industry", served as the director of the teaching and research department, and formally established the Rocket Department of Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Beihang Institute of Astronautics). In April 1988, with the approval of the State Education Commission, Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics was renamed Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
In 1958, Beihang carried out work-study programs, advocated and practiced the combination of teaching, scientific research, design and production, and carried out the development of aviation models. Within 100 days, the teachers and students of the school completed the development of the Beijing No. 1 light passenger aircraft, and the test flight was successful on September 24 of the same year, and the test flight of the 2,500-kilometer route between Beijing and Shanghai was carried out. The sounding rocket - Beijing No. 2 was successfully developed, and was successfully launched and tested at the Baichengzi Range in Northeast China on September 22 of the same year. The unmanned aircraft - Beijing No. 5 was successfully developed, that is, a self-developed unmanned control system was installed on the An-2 aircraft, and the aircraft was converted into an unmanned aircraft, and the test flight was successful on September 25 of the same year.
Chinese National University of Defense Technology of the People's Liberation Army.
In 1953, the Military Engineering College of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was founded in Harbin, which is known as the "Kazakhstan Military Industry", and General Chen Geng served as the first president and political commissar. When the Military Engineering College was founded, the chairman personally issued the "Precepts" for the college and wrote the title "Engineering" for the journal. In 1970, the main body of the college moved south to Changsha and was renamed Changsha Institute of Technology. In 1978, the school was rebuilt into the National University of Defense Technology under the direct care of ***.
Chinese School of Aerospace Science of the National University of Defense Technology of the People's Liberation Army, formerly known as the Chinese Department of Missile Engineering under the famous Harbin Military Engineering College of the People's Liberation Army, was founded in 1959. The college is characterized by military aerospace and new material technology, and is mainly engaged in the cultivation of high-quality talents and scientific research in the design technology, propulsion technology, control and test launch technology, and new material technology of various aircraft such as satellites and missiles.
Harbin Institute of Technology.
Harbin Institute of Technology originated from: 1920 Sino-Russian Industrial School, named "really coveting the sovereignty of our China Railway", cultivating its Middle East Railway interests in China reserve talents, in 1929 Northeast ** in order to recover the privileges of foreign parties in China's Northeast Railway and military conflict, "China Eastern Railway Incident".
After the outbreak of the 918 Incident in 1931, it was gradually completely taken over by the Japanese, and designated to recruit Chinese and Japanese students. On January 1, 1936, the school was renamed "National Harbin Higher Industrial School", and after January 1, 1937, the school was completely transferred to the stage of running a school in the Japanese way, and on January 1, 1938, the school was renamed "National Harbin Institute of Technology". Since then, the name of "Harbin Institute of Technology" has been used to this day.
On June 7, 1950, the Communist Party of China sent a telegram to the Northeast Bureau: The Zhongchang Railway has decided to hand over Harbin Institute of Technology to China. He also instructed Harbin Institute of Technology to focus on recruiting lecturers, teaching assistants and students from the polytechnic colleges of various universities in China, which is an important symbol of Harbin Institute of Technology's return to the embrace of New China and entering the stage of comprehensive transformation and expansion.
In 1958, Harbin Institute of Technology merged with "Harbin Aeronautical Industrial School" to establish the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of Harbin Institute of Technology, and in October 1963, Harbin Aviation College was separated from Harbin Institute of Technology, because after Harbin Institute of Technology was merged into Harbin Institute of Technology, it affected the training of secondary professionals in the aviation industry. In 1965, the Department of Aeronautical Engineering was abolished at Harbin Institute of Technology.
In the 60s and 70s of the 20th century, the United States made "military provocations" along the southeast coast, and in 1964, in order to strengthen the construction of the strategic rear centered on national defense, the country launched the construction of the third line.
The "**" project that began in 1966 seriously damaged the normal teaching and scientific research order of Harbin Institute of Technology.
In the spring of 1970, according to the instructions of the superiors, a small number of personnel and most of the materials of Harbin Institute of Technology moved south to Chongqing, and merged with the Second Department of Military Industry of Kazakhstan to establish "Chongqing University of Technology", and the part of Harbin that stayed in Kazakhstan merged with "Heilongjiang Institute of Technology and Harbin Institute of Electrical Engineering" to form a new "Harbin Institute of Technology". In August 1973, the Military Commission decided that most of the Chongqing workers would return to the north and restore Harbin Institute of Technology. After several tosses, the school was severely damaged.
In 1977, Harbin Institute of Technology resumed undergraduate enrollment; In 1978, graduate enrollment was resumed; In 1982, began to recruit doctoral students, in the 80s of the last century, the construction of the third line was basically over, in June 1987, Harbin Institute of Technology merged the Department of Control Engineering and the Department of Radio Engineering to establish the School of Astronautics, from 1987 to 1993, "mechanics and composite materials expert" Du Shanyi, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, served as the dean.
In the 80s of the 20th century, with the changes in the international situation and the domestic economic development situation, the three-line construction was basically completed. During the construction period of New China, major scientific and technological achievements such as two bombs and one satellite are the spirit of the Chinese nation that Chinese the people, love the motherland, selfless dedication, self-reliance, hard work, vigorous coordination, and courage to climb, and create an extraordinary miracle in the world!
The origin of the center of the earth always reminds the sons and daughters of China not to give up an inch of land.