The Ma family, the famous master and the richest man, has influenced China for 2,000 years

Mondo History Updated on 2024-02-09

Ma Yuan, in the twenty-fifth year of Jianwu (49 years), set out for the last time at the age of 64 and asked Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, to allow him to participate in the conquest of Wulingman.

Liu Xiu originally disagreed with Ma Yuan's request because of his advanced age, but Ma Yuan insisted on his request, saying that he could still put on armor and get on the horse.

Liu Xiu asked Ma Yuan to try it on the horse, but saw that Ma Yuan was still looking forward to it, and his majesty was not diminished. Liu Xiu sighed: "The old general is really in good spirits!" ”

Ma Yuan finally realized his long-cherished wish of the horse leather shroud, and died heroically on the way to conquer Wulingman.

Ma Yuan is a member of the Fufeng Ma clan, this family is famous in the Han Dynasty for Ma Yuan's life, and has also become the most famous branch of the Ma surname in later generations.

Ma Yuan's heroic deeds and noble character made him a great military strategist and national hero in Chinese history.

Ma Yuan: The assassination of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Fufeng Ma clan came from Zhao Hao, a famous general of Zhao during the Warring States Period.

Zhao Hao was a well-known military strategist and politician, and the pinnacle of his life was when he was a Tianbu official, because he insisted on impartial law enforcement, he executed nine retainers of the Pingyuan Jun family who did not pay taxes according to the law, so he was appreciated by the Pingyuan Jun and recommended to the King of Zhao.

In the Battle of Yanhe, he commanded the Zhao army to defeat the ferocious Qin army, so he was named Mafu Jun and was given a fief in the northwest of present-day Handan.

However, Zhao Hao's son Zhao Kuo was defeated by the Qin general Bai Qi in the Battle of Changping, resulting in the killing of 400,000 Zhao troops and the vitality of Zhao State.

Perhaps out of guilt after the defeat, Zhao Mu, another son of Zhao Hao, and his descendants no longer used Zhao as their surname, but changed their surname to Ma under the title of Ma Fujun.

Although the Zhao Hao family suffered setbacks and changes, they always adhered to their beliefs and honors, took Ma as their surname, and inherited the spirit of Zhao Hao.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, the descendants of Ma Fujun Zhao Hao were relocated to Xianyang. In the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, because of the "Migration Tomb" system, the heroes of the county and the wealthy with assets of more than 3 million yuan were moved to the vicinity of Maoling.

This descendant of the Ma clan was forced to move to the Fufeng area, and gradually developed into the famous Fufeng Ma clan. At that time, the three counties of Jing Zhaoyin, Zuo Feng Yi, and Right Fufeng were called Sanfu and were located in the center of the Han Empire.

Although the Ma family was supervised by the ** as a wealthy family, they were also able to enter the court. Among the fifth grandsons of Zhao Hao, Ma Tong went to the Xiongnu many times, made military exploits, and led troops to suppress the army of the crown prince Liu Ju in the witch curse, and was named a liehou.

His elder brother Mahoro served as a servant and served as a close confidant of the emperor. Ma Tong is Ma Yuan's great-grandfather.

In the star-studded era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Ma Tong brothers were not big names, but they were almost wiped out because they were involved in the political events of Emperor Wu's later years.

The Witch Plague is a tragedy caused by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years. His son, Liu Ju, the prince of Wei, who was supposed to inherit the throne, was unreasonably suspicious, and in panic, he raised an army to kill the traitor, and was defeated and died.

Jiang Chong, the minister who took personal revenge and provoked the relationship between the father and son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was a native of Handan and had a close relationship with the Ma Tong brothers, who were also from the Zhao people.

In the scourge of witches, the Ma Tong brothers did not hesitate to choose to help the emperor suppress the crown prince, not only for the good buddy to stick a knife in the ribs, but also to protect the lord loyally.

But it's broken. After the witch curse, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty expressed great regret, knowing that the prince had died unjustly, and began to track down the henchmen who framed the prince in the first place. Fearing that he would be convicted for this, Mahoro decided to take a risk and do something big.

Relying on the convenience of being a close minister, he took advantage of the fact that one morning, when Emperor Wu of Han had not yet gotten up, he secretly pulled out his blade and approached, wanting to stab Emperor Wu of Han to death with a knife.

It was too late, but it was too soon, and the minister Jin Ri [mì] 磾 [dī] noticed Ma Horo's abnormal behavior in time, shouted for someone to help him, and rushed over to hug Ma Horo and stop him.

Jin Riyan is worthy of being a Huns, and his body is very good. Mahoro was then ambushed and renamed "Manghe Luo". Later, Ma Tong was also implicated and was beheaded by order of the imperial court.

Ma Yuan: Poor and strong, old and strong Ma Yuan, a famous general in the Han Dynasty, was born in the Fufeng Ma family.

He had an ambitious personality at a young age, and unlike his brothers, he chose to release a prisoner and flee to the Northland to herd cattle for a living, spending more than twenty years in the Great Northwest.

During this period, he experienced poverty and hardship, but his spirit became more and more determined, and he uttered this famous saying: "The husband is the will, the poor should be strong, and the old should be strong." ”

Ma Yuan's entrepreneurial success is not accidental, he has his own wisdom and beliefs. After he became rich, he did not become a miser, but distributed all the money he had to his brothers and friends, and he continued to live a nomadic life of migration.

His morality has become a model of the family style of the Fufeng Ma family, and has also been widely praised by later generations.

In the book "Ma Fubo Yu", Ma Yuan is a general who is good at judging the situation and being wise and brave, and he chose the best boss Liu Xiu in the troubled times, and laid a foundation for the Eastern Han Dynasty.

He not only has superb military talents, but also understands the sufferings of the people, attaches importance to people's livelihood and welfare, and has won the support of the Vietnamese people. His story tells us that excellent talents should choose bosses with vision, strength and heart, so that they can achieve great things.

Throughout history, the descendants of Ma Yuan have also been proud of his name, and his influence transcends the limitations of time and space. Today, on the battlefield of Ma Yuan's former southern expedition, people still worship him to commemorate his exploits and spirit.

The entrance to Fubo Mountain Park in Guilin, Guangxi, which was once the hometown of Ma Yuan. Ma Yuan was a famous general of the Han Dynasty, who devoted his life to defending the country, and fought many times on the frontier, and finally died of illness while going out to Jiaozhi.

His nephews Ma Yan and Ma Dun usually liked to discuss right and wrong, and Ma Yuan was very worried about this, so he wrote a letter to them to teach them how to behave in the world. In this famous "Book of Commandments to Brothers and Sons", Ma Yuan admonishes his nephews to be good at learning from others, but to learn selectively.

He praised Lombagoard as a sincere, humble and honest person, and considered him an example worth emulating. However, he also warned his nephews not to learn from Du Jiliang's heroism and make friends, because this would make people fall into a frivolous situation.

Ma Yuan hopes that his nephews will be cautious and modest, just like "carved hooves do not become shang", although they cannot completely imitate swans, but at least they can maintain the elegance of ducks.

Ma Yan and Ma Dun listened to Ma Yuan's teachings, and from then on they had a correct attitude towards learning, and eventually became famous courtiers. However, this letter almost brought unwarranted disaster to Fufeng Ma's family.

Du Jiliang, mentioned in the letter, was a righteous and chivalrous man, and had a good relationship with the other two wealthy families at that time, the Liang family and the Dou family.

When Du Jiliang's enemies learned that Ma Yuan, an important minister of the dynasty, had written such a letter, they complained to Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, saying that Du Jiliang was a bad person, and General Ma Yuan wrote a letter to warn his nephew that Liang Song and Dou Gu, young men from the Liang and Dou families, had befriended him.

After Liu Xiu learned about it, he called the two sons-in-law and scolded them, and Liang and Dou kowtowed and bled so that they would not be questioned. The Liang and Dou families thus formed a bond with Ma Yuan.

In particular, Liang Song hated Ma Yuan very much. In the twenty-fifth year of Jianwu (49 years), when Ma Yuan conquered Wuxi Man in the Wuling area of present-day Hunan for the last time, Liang Song's hatred finally broke out.

The climate in the south was hot, and in this battle, the vanguard of Ma Yuan chose to march from the dangerous road after obtaining Liu Xiu's consent, and suffered setbacks, the old Ma Yuan was sick, and many soldiers also died of illness due to water and soil inadaptability.

Liu Xiu sent Liang Song to the front line to question the commander-in-chief and investigate the situation. When Liang Song arrived at the front, the 64-year-old veteran Ma Yuan had unfortunately died of illness in the army. Originally, Ma Yuan, as a meritorious veteran, should mourn his life and death, and the army should quickly send someone to inform the court and hold a grand funeral for him.

Liang Song took advantage of the institution to trap Ma Yuan for his crimes, so as to anger Emperor Guangwu of Han. After Liang Song framed Ma Yuan, the ministers who had a gap with Ma Yuan also wrote to accuse him of accepting a bribe from a carload of "Mingzhu Wenxi" during the Southern Expedition.

The so-called "pearl" is actually the coix seed kernel (also known as coix seed, rice kernel) brought back by Ma Yuan from Jiaozhi, this fruit has the effect of clearing heat and dampness, but it is a medicinal material eaten by Ma Yuan to alleviate the occupational disease of the war for many years, but it is said to be a pearl that is nothing.

This is the famous "coix slander" in history. Nearest the king nearest the gallows. Liu Xiu, who didn't know the truth, listened to the rumors, and in anger, he withdrew Ma Yuan's new Hou Yin ribbon.

The Ma clan was at a loss in the face of the emperor's sudden accountability, and did not dare to meet the guests and deceased again, so they could only buy a few acres of land in the west of the city and bury Ma Yuan's body hastily.

After that, Ma Yuan's nephew Ma Yan and Ma Yuan's wife and children entered the palace to ask for guilt with a grass rope, and they wrote six times to complain about grievances before they were able to get rid of their grievances.

A generation of loyal ministers and famous generals realized the ambition of the horse leather shroud on the battlefield, but they could not compete with the attacks of political enemies and the moodiness of the emperor.

Ma Yuan spent his life on the battlefield as he wished. Image source Film and television stills A generation of famous generals Ma Yuan, for the glory of the country, is willing to sacrifice himself bravely on the battlefield, and his ambition and pride are admirable.

Image source Film and television stills After Emperor Liu Zhuang of the Han Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, he memorialized Zhongxing famous ministers in Luoyang Yuntai Pavilion, and Ma Yuan's name was impressively listed. However, why there is no horse aid among the 28 generals of Yuntai has become a historical mystery.

Liu Cang, the king of Dongping, was very surprised when he saw these portraits, and he asked Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty: "Why is there no portrait of Ma Fubo?" Emperor Ming smiled and did not answer. The smile of Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty is like the smile of the Mona Lisa, which has made people ponder for nearly two thousand years.

Some people believe that Ma Yuan's achievements in his later years were high, and he was wronged after his death, and he was not included in the twenty-eight generals, which may be due to the emperor's heart.

But some people also believe that this is because Ma Yuan's daughter was the empress of Emperor Ming, and Ma was a relative at that time, and Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty did not include it in order to avoid suspicion.

Ma Yuan's daughter, Ma, is Empress Mingde, she began to help her mother manage the family affairs when she was young, and she has read ancient classics such as "Spring and Autumn" and "Chu Ci", and is a smart girl.

She was selected at the age of 13 to serve the queen Yin Lihua of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, and was supported by Yin Lihua because of her outstanding talent and appearance, and married her son Liu Zhuang.

After Emperor Liu Zhuang of the Han Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, the Ma family was made the empress with the support of the Empress Dowager Yin, and the Fufeng Ma family became a family of relatives.

Empress Ma was the emperor's virtuous helper, and she rescued many innocent people in the rebellion of Liu Ying, the king of Chu, and Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty was impressed by her.

Queen Ma remembered Ma Yuan's family motto, and when she was in charge of the harem, she knew righteousness, honesty and humility. She usually performs inspections in the harem, wears coarse cloth clothes, and her skirt is not trimmed, and when she sees that her mother's family is gorgeously dressed, she also ordered someone to cut off the annual funding for them.

Although Queen Ma's family is a foreign relative, almost all of them are not prominent in the court. Therefore, in the era when the Eastern Han Dynasty's relatives and eunuchs were in power, the Ma family did not become a foreign relative force that caused chaos in the court.

Later, Emperor Liu Wei of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne and wanted to give the family of his adoptive mother Queen Ma a marquis, Queen Ma repeatedly resigned, and issued a special decree for this purpose.

In this article, Queen Ma said that His Majesty's uncle of the Ma family is now a dignitary, and I, as the Queen Mother, do not ask for food and dress simply, this is to let my relatives reflect on themselves.

A few days ago, I passed through the Dragon Gate, those who went to the horse's house to greet the people, the car is like flowing water, the horse is like a dragon, the servants at home are dressed in extreme luxury, and the royal in my car is far worse than them.

They only know pleasures, and they forget about their homeland, so how can I agree to give them an increase in rank? In the end, Queen Ma said bluntly: "How can I bear the will of the first emperor, lose the virtue of my ancestors, and re-attack the disaster of Xijing's defeat!" ”

She would rather not want the wealth in front of her, than repeat the mistake of the defeat of her relatives in the Western Han Dynasty. Later, although Ma Liao, the son of Ma Yuan, and others were knighted, they all resigned and returned home, no longer managing the government, maintaining the peace of the family, and also losing the glory of their relatives.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, new foreign relatives such as the Dou family, the Deng family, the Liang family, etc., rose one after another, and the political status of the Fufeng Ma family gradually declined, but its reputation did not fall silent, but spread more far.

Part of the Spring Dawn of the Han Palace, showing the civil and military lineage of Fufeng Ma's fame with military achievements, but its cultural atmosphere is not inferior.

Empress Ma is considered by scholars to be the first female historian in ancient China, and she participated in the compilation of the "Notes on the Life of Emperor Xianzong", which was written about 20 years earlier than Ban Zhao's supplementary "Book of Han".

Ma Yan, the nephew of Ma Yuan, did not forget the teachings of his uncle in the family letter, and after retiring in his later years, he taught his children and grandchildren at home, and personally taught his studies, making this Ma descendant a cultural family.

Ma Yan's son, Ma Rong, was a great Confucian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who was erudite and talented and wrote a lot of books throughout his life, and was evaluated as "Confucian" by the Book of the Later Han Dynasty.

Ma Rongshi was extremely unhappy on the way, and he went to "Ode to Guangcheng" to satirize the Empress Dowager Deng for not cultivating military equipment, which offended the Deng family; When Liang's relatives were in power, he offended the high-flying general Liang Ji.

Therefore, Ma Rong was imprisoned for a long time, and lived in the "National Library" Dongguan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his family was once so poor that he couldn't open the pot.

Ordinary people may give up on themselves when they are suppressed by this kind of suppression, but Ma Rong did not give up, he stuck to his beliefs in the midst of hardship, and finally became an outstanding cultural Confucian.

Ma Rong is a portrait, but Ma Rong's heart is full of challenges and the spirit of not admitting defeat. He devoted himself to the collection of books and historical research of Dongguan, and edited the Five Classics, the Hundred Schools of Thought, and the biography, which was worthy of the tenacity of the literati.

His Han Fu is talented, such as the dangerous growth environment of bamboo depicted in "Flute Fu", which is both infectious and imaginative; "Go Fu" describes Go as a tool for governing the country and using soldiers, reflecting the heroic spirit of his uncle Mayuan.

His "Qin Fu" is even more unique, putting forward the concept of "Qin De", showing his unique thinking and artistic insights.

In his later years, Ma Rong resigned and set up a private school, his teaching method was unique and interesting, often lecturing in the high hall, putting down the crimson gauze tent, imparting knowledge to students in the front, singing and dancing in front of the singers and dancers, so as to test the students' concentration.

It is really enviable to have such a teacher. Ma Rong died at the age of eighty-eight, but he was already full of peach and plums, with more than 1,000 disciples, among which the most famous ** were Zheng Xuan of Beihai and Lu Zhi of Zhuojun.

Zheng Xuan's extensive knowledge and profound academic attainments made him a master of Han Dynasty classics and was hailed as a top figure among scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Lu Zhi was also a famous minister in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, he participated in the pacification of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, was the ancestor of the Lu clan in Fanyang, Liu Bei was his student when he was young, and Cao Cao was also his fan, praising him as a "model of scholars".

Liu Bei is a descendant of Ma Rong. Image source Film and television stills The Han Dynasty Fufeng Ma not only inherited the literary style, but also carried forward the martial arts by descendants, the most outstanding of which were the late Han Dynasty Northwest warlords Ma Teng and Ma Chao father and son.

In the later period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Ping, a descendant of Ma Yuan, devoted himself to the development of the western region, served as the grassroots of Tianshui, and settled in Longxi, married a Qiang woman, and gave birth to Ma Teng. Ma Teng has Qiang blood flowing on his body, and he is tall and handsome.

In the turbulent times of the late Han Dynasty, he raised troops to occupy Liangzhou, guarded the northern border, and pacified the people in the northwest.

After Cao Cao pacified Guandong, he turned to attack Guanzhong and sent people to win over Ma Teng into the court. Ma Teng was forced to enter the court as an official and handed over his subordinates in Liangzhou to his eldest son Ma Chao.

Ma Chao rebelled against Cao, failed to avenge his grievances, and died before his ambition was rewarded, which became a regret in history. Although the five tiger generals of Shu Han are depicted in literary works"Jinma Chao"but his actual experience in history is not so.

His life was full of tragedy, his family was killed by Cao Cao, and only his younger brother Ma Dai was left to inherit their bloodline. Ma Chao was very frustrated at night, was seriously ill, and wrote to Liu Bei before his death, entrusting him to Liu Bei.

He spent his life fighting for revenge, but ultimately failed to achieve his wish. Despite this, Ma Chao's spirit is still admired by future generations, and his story is constantly praised and interpreted.

Today, Fufeng Ma's descendants continue to write their stories, and their footprints can be found all over China and even overseas.

February**Dynamic Incentive Plan Whether it is the mainland or Taiwan, there are many Ma people who come here to worship their ancestors and express their admiration and nostalgia for their ancestors.

Although Ma Chao's life is full of regrets, his story is still being told and interpreted, and has become a part of Chinese culture.

Shaanxi Fufeng Famen Temple, since ancient times, celebrities have produced many times, and it has been prosperous for a long time. Among them, why have the descendants of the Fufeng Ma clan been able to maintain this glory for more than 2,000 years?

The answer to their spirit may be found in Ma Fubo's famous sayings for the ages. Ma Yuan's famous sayings, such as "the husband is the ambition, the poor should be strong, and the old should be strong", "mortals are precious, and they should be cheap", "the property of the colony, it is expensive to give relief, otherwise the money will be guarded", "the man should die in the border field, and the horse leather shroud should be buried in the ear", these words express the true meaning of life, and also reflect the family spirit of the Fufeng Ma family.

The history of Fufeng Ma is a magnificent history. Their children and grandchildren have always adhered to the spirit of Ma Yuan and constantly worked hard to continue their glory.

These spirits have also become an important reason for the longevity of Fufeng Ma's. To sum up, the reason why Fufeng Ma has been able to produce many celebrities and prosper for more than 2,000 years lies in their spirit - Ma Fubo's famous words through the ages.

These quotes not only reflect their family spirit, but also become the secret of their success.

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