Text|Humility talks about the style of writing.
Edit|Humility talks about the style of writing.
The three great poets of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi, were all obsessed with wine, and in their poems, they also praised the function of wine. Different from Li Bai's ideological method of using drinking as a road to access, and different from Du Fu's efforts to express his feelings and relieve boredom with wine, Bai Juyi has always put drinking at the level of survival to do transcendent thinking, and has a deep understanding of the spirit of wine.
Turn cold into warmth and worry into joy.
The wine is sweet and spicy, hot, and drinking it can drive away cold and generate temperature. "Warm winter wine" often appears in Bai Juyi's poems, which is based on the sweet and spicy taste of wine. Such as: "Spring snow poured warm cold wine", "This winter's warm and cold wine, first plan to taste it." "Drinking warm wine to keep warm is especially necessary in the cold winter or early spring.
In the famous poem "Ask Liu Nineteen", Bai Juyi wrote with a strong poetic sense: "Green ants make new wine, and red clay small stoves. If you want snow in the evening, can you drink a glass of nothing? The sky is about to snow, and the poet needs both a "red clay stove" to warm up and a glass of "green ant wine" to warm his internal organs.
For Bai Juyi, it is even more common to get up early in autumn and winter, and to drink alcohol to fight the cold. For example, "there is no wine in the autumn cold", "why bother with the east wind, a glass of spring." "With a glass of wine, it is as warm as spring." "Drinking to warm up the body has the same effect as the east wind blowing in March, and you don't even need the east wind to come on days when you have alcohol.
In "Praise of Wine", Bai Juyi called warming the cold "pregnant harmony": "The English of wheat koji, the essence of rice springs." As a combination of wine, pregnancy and childbirth. Who is pregnant? A bottle of turbid mash, frost and snowy nights, turning cold into warm.
In the hearts and minds of the people, the diaphragm is melting, and the ointment is harmonious. "The mildness of the spring breeze and spring sun is the most suitable for the growth of life, so that the body from rigidity to warmth, but also from the heart and mind from rigidity to harmony, so that life is more sound.
The change of body and mind caused by wine is not only reflected in making it "harmonious", but also in making it "happy". Bai Juyi described the pleasure that drinking brings to people: "It is contained in the mouthpiece, pure and discharged, and it is full of joy." "Chunchun", mellow taste, "venting", comfortable and happy, "Daigo" wine, "Lian", the wine drunk by the immortals.
These rich taste words are not so much about the deliciousness of wine, but rather about Bai Juyi's appreciation of wine. These gustatory pleasures are not personal, they are shared by the drinker. Bai Juyi loves to drink and has also studied winemaking techniques. He said to himself: "The only way to change the official liquor law is to gradually change from turbid water to Daigo." ”
Improving the brewing technology of official liquor, brewing fine wine, and allowing more people to enjoy it is regarded by Bai Juyi as a major achievement of Henan Yin (Luoyang). Bai Juyi enjoys the joy of drinking, and he also knows the taste of wine. He said: The nectar is too sweet and not the right taste, and although the liquor spring is not fragrant. Who is this thing in the cup, and there is a punishment in the soft will.
"Punishment" is a model and a correct law. Different from the nectar "sweet (sweet)" but not "spicy", and different from the clean and spicy taste of Liquan, the wine is sweet and spicy, rich in aroma, it is a "positive taste" and can be used as a model of taste. Bai Juyi imitates wine as a "soft purpose", and regards the sweet and spicy wine taste as the right taste, which shows that he knows and loves wine deeply.
Bai Juyi not only knows that the taste of wine is sweet and spicy, but also can make sweet and spicy wine in practice. The so-called "urn is fragrant when it is revealed, and the taste is sweet and spicy after sealing and storage", that is, it is stored in an urn and bottle for a period of time, and the wine is thin and thick, and the wine can be sweet and spicy.
Wine invigorates blood and qi with heat, breaks physiological stagnation, dissolves psychological depression, and smooths the body and mind. In Bai Juyi's eyes, wine is the best physiological and psychological smoothing agent and antidote.
In life, when the mind "wakes up", it will judge people and me, and it will be opposed to things. Then, when we cling to the phenomena of the world and become entangled with others and all things, and stimulate each other, anxiety will continue to arise, and suffering will follow. If you get drunk and eliminate all differences and antagonisms, and cut off all kinds of connections in the world, you will not be confused by troubles. Thoughts are naturally gone, and people are happy.
Therefore, he said: "When the enemy does not love wine, the heart is better than the heart when he is awake." "Today is the same as yesterday, and when the heart is drunk, it is better to wake up." Therefore, "non-love of wine" is just a lie, and its purpose is to emphasize that "when drunk" is better than "when awake", and "drunk" is better than "awake". Intoxicated and carefree, drunk and happy, thoughtless, comparable to the gods, the so-called "because of the wine to get immortals" is also.
"Immortal" refers to a happy and free state of existence, not to have the superpowers of immortality and flying to the heavens and the earth. The people of the Han Dynasty called wine "Huanbo", and they realized that wine can make people "turn sorrow into happiness". However, since the end of the Han Dynasty, the people have suffered, and the feeling of suffering in the past has filled the upper and lower levels.
The introduction of Buddhism to the "truth of suffering" moved the Chinese, and made the world recognize that life is suffering and happiness is illusory. At the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Ji proposed "drunken country", although his anger was peaceful, but his people had no love, hatred, joy and anger. Bai Juyi's system recalls the function of "turning worries into happiness" in wine, and quite agrees with "drunken hometown".
However, he did not agree with the notion that people in the drunken country have no "happiness", nor did he agree with the Buddhist concept that life is suffering, and happiness is in the west and not in the east. From Bai Juyi's name, we can also find his attitude towards the three religions: the word Lotte, the Xiangshan monk, and the drunken Mr. Yin. "Layman" believes in Buddhism, "drunken chanting" is close to Taoism in the broad sense, and "Optimism" is the basic belief of Confucianism.
On the other hand, he was drunk for fun, and he did not follow Wang Ji's "drunken hometown" righteousness. At the same time, he asserted that the awakened person suffers a lot, and limited the Buddhist "truth of suffering" when he "wakes up", which is also different from the traditional Confucian position of fear of "getting drunk". Bai Juyi's insistence on being drunk and having fun undoubtedly has independent ideological value.
It can sell busy things into idle things.
Although Bai Juyi was happy when he smelled the wine, he was more interested in the taste of the wine - merit and virtue. Based on his own drinking experience, he pointed out that after drinking, "all thoughts are at ease, and the time is the virtue." All fate is empty, time is the work". "All worries are breathed together" means to eliminate the thoughts and worries in the heart, and "all fates are empty" is to cut off the causes and conditions in the world and cut off the troubles.
Eliminating the thoughts of the mind can make a person free from worries, free from worries, and happy from them. But being born in the world, working on mundane things, and being trapped in the world, it is difficult to fundamentally eliminate thoughts. Only by freeing ourselves from mundane things and transcending ourselves from the sophistication of human feelings can we ensure that our thoughts do not arise.
In his view, cutting off the causes and conditions of the world can free people from the fetters of the world, dissolve all kinds of annoying involvement and concern, and thus fundamentally achieve physical and mental freedom.
Wine makes people forget, and drinking alcohol can rest all worries and empty all fates. Therefore, Bai Juyi is willing to learn from Liu Ling to get drunk for a long time, and feel at ease to be drunk in the world. In the poem "Ten Rhymes of Yongjiayu", he deeply realized: the fragrance is fierce when the urn is unveiled, and the taste is sweet and spicy after the bottle is sealed and stored. Holding the suspicion of clear water from the hollowing, drinking like the sun and full of spring. The color cave jade pot has no surface and inside, and the light shakes the marigold with spirit.
It can turn busy things into idle things, and turn worries and happy people. It should be a holy thing in the world, and it will be a lifetime with you. The wine tastes sweet and spicy, its aroma is fierce, and the more mellow it is after being sealed. Wine looks like water, but drinking it can make people feel good about the body and mind, and the reason for this is that there is a "spirit" in wine. The word "spirit" refers to the mind and consciousness as opposed to the body.
"Spirit" means to stay away from dead silence, to be alive, to be vigorous, to be vigorous, to be energetic. Bai Juyi said here that wine has a "spirit", mainly in terms of the magical function of wine, that is, there is vitality and vitality in wine. The manifestation of the spirit of wine is to make people "turn worries into happiness", and let people "turn busy things into idle things".
The function of "turning worries into pleasures" of wine has long been recognized, but it has never been known to turn "busy" into "idle". Bai Juyi here has nothing to say about how wine can "sell busy things into idle things", and combined with other chapters, we can clarify the context. Although Bai Juyi's expression of "busy" is not systematic, his insights can be seen everywhere, and we have a deep understanding of it.
Busy people can't be idle when they're busy, but drinking alcohol changes their inertia. Busy people's drink, wine into the body and heart. The body and mind are penetrated by the power of hard heat, and the boundaries of various realities are broken. However, the reason on which he was busy gradually weakened to the point of obscurity. The consciousness is gradually blurred, the hands and feet do not listen to the call, and the talent cannot be exerted, and only the unrealistic imagination is flying.
Drinking until drunk, people are powerless and incompetent, and they can't get busy even if they want to. "Humanity without talent is also idle", and "without talent" is the "no long thing" mentioned above. "No talent" can't be busy if he wants to, and he can't be "busy", so he has "idle things". "Being able to sell busy things into idle things, turning worrying people into happy people" is also intertextual, when "busy" becomes "idle things", "busy people" also turn into "idlers".
Idlers are far away from meritocracy, and they are also indifferent to right and wrong. Bai Juyi is also conscious of this, he said: "Feel at ease and make decisions at will, what's the use of asking idlers." "Settle with oneself" means to be content with one's own nature, and not to care about others. For him, "right and wrong" has nothing to do with himself, but can also be said to be something outside the body.
Bai Juyi praised the wine as "the world's sage and holy things", which can be described as exquisite. The problems of the world do not need to be solved by the gods of the world, and the "holy things of the world" can solve the problems of the world. The problem in the world is nothing more than the problem of how to survive, and "busy" is the biggest problem in life, and "worry" is the derivative of "busy".
Although Bai Juyi was close to Shi, he did not fully accept Shi's "Four Truths" theory. "The world is always busy", this is his overall understanding of life and the world. "Busy" is a phenomenon presented by the world, as for whether there is a deeper dominator behind the phenomenon, Bai Juyi is not interested**. It can be seen that this is different from the Buddhist theory of "suffering and extinguishing the way".
Bai Juyi consciously took "leisurely travel" as the way to liberation and destination, showing a clear position rooted in the world, and at the same time dialing the problem of "busyness" to "suffering". "Wealth and busyness are not free" directly points out the spiritual essence of "the world is busy until the old is busy" - not free, and the spiritual essence of "idle travel" on the contrary is naturally set off - freedom.
"Busy" and "idle" are opposed, and busy people are isolated from difficulties. The so-called "I know that the sky creates an idle environment, not for the busy and the rich". "Busy people" and "rich people" are listed side by side, although "busy people" are rich, but they do not have to be rich and noble. The dilemma is opposed to the busy person, because the busy person is too busy to stop, will not identify with the dilemma, and has no intention of appreciating the dilemma.
Of course, if you choose between the two, Bai Juyi did not hesitate to choose "leisure" ("busy school is not as good as idle"). If conditions permit, he will stay away from "busy" and resolutely not be a "busy person". In this regard, he has repeatedly expressed: "A busy person should not be able to win an idler", "Busy should not be idle", "I don't want to be busy for life", "I plan to be an idler for this life", "I am getting old and gradually understanding the smell of idleness, and I don't plan to be a busy person for life." ”
"shall" is a judgment of value. Regarding the value judgment between "busy", "busy people" and "idle" and "idlers", Bai Juyi clearly praises the latter and suppresses the former. "I don't plan to be busy for life" and "I don't plan to be a busy person for life" is Bai Juyi's lifelong ideal. He did not want to be a busy person all his life, not because he was afraid of the pain of busyness, but because he was worried about the unfreedom of "busyness", and his sincere love for the "smell of leisure" - the essence of leisure.
Epilogue. He wants to be an "idler", and he does not hesitate to praise himself as "the most idle". "There are many idlers in Luoxia, and I am the most idle. "Lokker is the only one who is the most idle." Of course, there is one thing that is still worth his busyness, and that is drinking: "Busy with more wine".
The "busyness" of drinking cannot be regarded as the real "busyness", on the contrary, drinking alcohol can make people away from the "busyness" of unfreedom, and enter the realm of freedom - leisure. "Leisure is very free", drinking makes people idle, and it is also an important way for people to gain freedom.