How to balance the merits and demerits of Lu Juan's title as king and the rebellion?
Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, chose the coexistence of the county system and the feudal system in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty"The county system", rather than compromising with reality. Because the distance between Yan and Liu Bang was too far, in order to ensure the authority of the ** court over Yan State, he named Lu Yuan, who was close to him, as the king of Yan after Zang Di. However, when there was a dispute between the ** court and the second surnamed Wang, Lu Yuan decided"Raise the enemy for self-interest", which led to a conflict with Liu Bang and led him into exile for the Xiongnu.
Provincial system"It was Liu Bang's compromise, and there was a special reason why Empress Lu became the queen.
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there were seven kings with different surnames, namely Zang Di, King of Yan, Peng Yue, King of Liang, Han Xin (King of Qi) of Chu, Wu Rui, King of Changsha, and Liu Bang. These seven kings with different surnames can basically be summarized into the following two situations.
1.Former princes of an independent country. Xiang Yu entered the west of the pass to destroy Qin, and divided the princes of the Eighteen Roads into the meeting. Although most of the princes and kings were destroyed in the troubled times later, there were also some princes and kings who survived for various reasons and eventually submitted to Liu Bang, such as Zang Di, the king of Yan, Wu Rui, the king of Changsha, Han Xin, the king of Han, and Yingbu, the king of Jiujiang. However, it should be pointed out that although these princes were subordinate to Liu Bang, they were not subordinate to Liu Bang, and Liu Bang's rule never extended to Yan, Changsha, Jiujiang, Han and other places (Jiujiang was ruled by Xiang Yu after Yingbu fell into Liu Bang's hands). As a result, the reign of these kings with different surnames was always relatively independent, and Liu Bang's claim to emperor was actually to attract them in isolation and compromise with them.
The two belong to the Han camp, but are relatively independent of the hero group. After the defeat at the Battle of Pengcheng, Liu Bang adopted a plan to open up the northern front of Hanxin and the front line of Xiang Yu. For this reason, Liu Bang divided some generals who originally belonged to the Han army camp into kings, and they gained a certain degree of independence, such as Zhang Er, the king of Zhao, Han Xin (the king of Chu) of Qi, and Peng Yue, the king of Liang. When they surrendered to Liu Bang, they had no permanent territory, but they were relatively independent during the war. Zhang Er, Han Xin, and Peng Yue did not have a permanent territory when they returned to Liu Bang, and it can be said that they were the birthplace of the Han army, but during the special period of the Chu-Han War, they were able to occupy part of the territory. In order to fight Xiang Yu, Liu Bang had no choice but to divide them into different regions. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, because these people already had a relatively solid foundation and outstanding achievements, Liu Bang could only retain their fiefdoms.
Unlike these kings with different surnames, the situation of Empress Lu was completely different. He was a member of the Han army, had been fighting with Liu Bang, had always been under Liu Bang's direct or indirect command, and had never become independent from the Han army. The only reason why he became king was that in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Zang Di was destroyed in the Yan Rebellion, and Empress Lu was chosen to replace Zang Di. The reason why Liu Bang chose Empress Lu was because he wanted to put the Yan State back under the direct rule of ***.
Lv Hou and Liu Bang are not only fellow villagers, but also born on the same day, the same month, and the same year, and Lv Hou's relatives and Liu Bang's father are good friends, so the relationship between the two has been very good since childhood. Lu Xiaoman has always been like Liu Bang's cronies, and when Liu Bang was not yet on the throne, he often admired Liu Bang, and it can be said that this person is Liu Bang's most trusted person.
After the destruction of Zang Di, the king of Yan, Liu Bang originally wanted to directly govern the Yan State, but because the Yan State was far away from the emperor and was in the midst of the division of the princes, he could not directly govern it, so he appointed Leo, who had little merit but was very trustworthy, as the King of Yan, so that the indirect jurisdiction of the Yan State was basically realized.
When the conflict between the ** court and the princes and kings escalated, the state of Lu tried to pass"Self-improvement"to protect yourself.
Since the rebellion of Yan Wang Zang Tu, Han Wang Xin and the Xiongnu rebellion, the disputes between the Han Dynasty ** regime and the local princes began to deepen, especially after the rebellion of Zhao State Chen Feng in the tenth year of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty (197 BC), the disputes between the two sides reached an insurmountable point.
When Chen Feng resisted, Empress Lu of Yan ordered to attack Chen Feng from the northeast, but Chen Feng did not intend to resist at that time. After all, Chen Feng rebelled with Zang Di and Han Wangxin, and it was natural that he would be eliminated. Therefore, Lü Xiang was quite defensive at first, and when he learned that Chen Feng asked the Xiongnu for help, he sent Zhang Sheng to the Xiongnu to stop Chen Xian's reinforcements.
When Zhang Sheng was on a mission in the Xiongnu, Zang Yan, the son of Zang Di, who fled in the Xiongnu, said to Zhang Sheng:"Chen Feng is extinguished, it will be the turn of the Yan family, and you and you will soon become fish and meat on someone else's board. "Zang Yan also persuaded Zhang Sheng that the thieves must be trained to respect him, only in this way can Yan Shenggong survive. Zhang Sheng felt that he had a point, so he secretly contacted the Xiongnu and asked the Xiongnu to help Chen Xuan. When Zhang Sheng objected, Lu Xiaobu also wrote to Liu Bang to kill Zhang Sheng, and it can be said that Lu Xiaobu had no intention of opposing at this time.
At the same time, the Lu clan sent people to contact Chen Feng and forced Chen Feng to flee to Yan County, creating the illusion of mutual non-aggression between the two sides.
Later, Chen Xuan's subordinates told Liu Bang about the incident, and Liu Bang did not believe that Lü Buwei would resist at first, so he sent someone to call him. However, Liu Bang did not dare to go to him, saying that he was sick and refused to go. Liu Bang had doubts, but he still didn't believe that Empress Lu would betray him, so he sent his minister Boyang to investigate Empress Lu's minister. Empress Lü was afraid of being expelled, so he told the ministers that Liu Bang and Empress Lü were going to get rid of him, but he didn't expect that this matter finally reached Liu Bang's ears.
Later, Liu Bang got some news from the descendants of the Xiongnu and was convinced that Empress Lü had changed his mind, so he sent troops to attack Yan in the twelfth year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (195 BC), but Liu Bang soon collapsed, and Empress Lü took the opportunity to flee to the Xiongnu and was named King Hulu, and died in the Xiongnu the following year at the age of 63.
As mentioned earlier, Empress Lü's betrayal occurred in the context of disputes between the princes and the ** court, and the princes with different surnames were killed and eliminated one after another, which instilled in him a sense of self-preservation. However, when the two sides begin to confront each other, they can no longer be as indifferent as before, and can only go further and further, and the chasm is getting wider and wider, which eventually leads to the end of life and death.