Laboratory safety protection series - respiratory protective equipment
In this issue, we will introduce you to how to use different respiratory protective equipment in the laboratory.
Classification of respiratory protective equipment
1. Dust mask.
Dust masks are mainly filtering respiratory protection products with gauze, non-woven fabrics, microfiber materials, etc. as the core filter materials, which are used to filter out particulate toxic and harmful substances in the air, but have no protective effect on toxic and harmful gases and vapors. Among them,Does not contain microfiber materialsThe ordinary dust mask only has the effect of protecting against larger particles of dust, and can be reused after cleaning and disinfection; Contains microfiber materialIn addition to protecting against larger particles of dust, the dust mask can also protect against a variety of toxic and harmful aerosols with a finer particle size, and the protective ability and protective effect are better than ordinary dust masks.
Dust mask classification: Including flat type (such as ordinary gauze mask), semi-three-dimensional type (such as duckbill form folding, port form folding), three-dimensional type (such as molded type, half mask type). Either way, the protective area is the nose and mouth. From the perspective of air tightness effect and safety, the three-dimensional and semi-three-dimensional air tightness effect is better, the safety is higher, and the plane type is slightly secondary.
Where dust masks are applied: Medical and health care, electronic industry, food industry, beauty care, cleaning and care, etc. Its applicable environmental characteristics are that the pollutants are only non-volatile particulate substances, and do not contain toxic and harmful gases and vapors.
2. Activated carbon mask.
The principle of activated carbon mask filtration is through the filter material of the activated carbon layer inside the mask, which is mainly in two forms: activated carbon fiber cloth; Activated carbon granules.
The main function of the activated carbon filter layer of the activated carbon mask is to adsorb organic gases, odors, and toxic dusts, not for filtering dust alone, and filtering fine dust mainly by microfiber electrostatic filter cloth, which is what we usually call non-woven fabrics and meltblown cloths.
Scope of application:With both anti-virus and dust-proof effects, it is ideal for most laboratories due to its affordability.
Pay attention to thingsItem:
1.In the process of wearing the mask, it is best not to take it off repeatedly, which will affect the sealing of the mask and the contamination inside the mask.
2.During extraordinary times or harsh environments, it is recommended to change it once every four hours and use it once (such as strong epidemics and strong pollution).
3.The structure of disposable activated carbon masks is consistent inside and out, and can be used for inhalation and exhalation, but it is forbidden to use it in carbon monoxide gas.
4.Special attention should be paid to disposable activated carbon masks, not to be used in places with high concentrations of chemical toxic gases or in closed and unventilated places.
3. Gas masks.
Gas masks are filter-type respiratory protection products with exhalation materials such as microfiber materials and reactive fibers as the core filter materials. Among them, microfiber materials are used to filter particulate substances in the air, including toxic and harmful sols. Adsorption materials such as activated carbon and activated fibers are used to filter out toxic vapors and gases. Compared with dust masks, gas masks not only have an adsorption effect on large particles of dust and aerosols in the air, but also have a certain filtering effect on harmful gases and vapors.
Gas masks are mainly used to block toxic gases produced through the respiratory tract, such as cyanogen chloride (CK), chloropicrin (PS), etc.; It also has a certain effect on the protection of biological agents. The canister is the core component of the gas mask, and the poison filter material filled inside it directly affects the protective performance of the mask. For our school, since we do not have some qualifications for the use of highly toxic gases, the use of gas masks in the laboratory is already the highest level of self-protection, and it is also a relatively effective way of protection.
Gas masks are mostly composed of masks and filter cartridges, according to the national GB 2890-2009 "Respiratory Protection Self-priming Filtering Gas Masks" regulations:
Classification of filter elementsOrdinary filters, multi-function filters, comprehensive filters and special filters.
1. Ordinary filters are divided into:
1) Type A: used to protect against organic gases or vapors.
2) Type B: used to protect against inorganic gases or vapors.
3) Type E: used to protect against sulfur dioxide and other acid gases.
4) Type K: used to protect ammonia or ammonia derivatives.
5) CO type: used to protect against carbon monoxide gas.
6) Hydrogen sulfide type: used to protect against hydrogen sulfide gas.
2. Multi-functional filter: used to protect two ordinary types of filters.
3. Comprehensive filter: ordinary or multi-functional filter element with smoke filtering function.
4. Special filters: filters that are not specified in this standard and are specially specified by the manufacturer for the protection of bodies or vapors. (e.g. mercury).
I would like to remind you that there are many types of filter cartridges, and the anti-toxic gas is relatively more detailed and comprehensive, so when choosing a filter cartridge, different filter cartridges should be selected according to the type of experiment.
Safety Case:Students in a research group used the method of high-temperature volatile hydroiodic acid and other acidic solvents to grow perovskite single crystals, because the growth vessel was placed in a fume hood (good ventilation effect), only an activated carbon mask was worn for general protection, and after three or five days in such an experimental environment, the nasal cavity and throat felt uncomfortable, and then the mask was replaced by an acidic gas mask (half mask), and the discomfort in the nasal cavity and throat disappeared and never appeared again. When doing high temperature and volatile irritant experiments, we must improve the protection level, be alert to laboratory odors and irritating odors, and do a good job of self-protection.
Correct steps for wearing a gas mask
01 Check before wearing.
1. Before use, check whether the mask has cracks or tears to ensure that the mask and the face fit and seal;
2. Check whether the expiratory valve is deformed, cracked and cracked;
3. Check whether the headband is elastic;
4. Check whether the sealing ring of the filter box seat is intact and whether it is within the expiration date.
02 Proper Wearing Procedure.
1.Unfasten the buckle at the bottom of the headband and cover the mask over your nose and mouth;
2.Pull up the upper headband so that the head is comfortably placed on the top of the head;
3.Buckle the bottom of the hood with both hands behind the neck;
4.Adjust the tightness of the headband, fit the mask well with the face, adjust the front headband first, then adjust the back of the neck, if the headband is too tight, you can use your fingers to push the plastic piece outward, relax the headband, and then adjust.
4. Full face gas mask.
With the increase of drug toxicity, when the drugs used in the laboratory will irritate the eyes and **, the full-face gas mask can effectively protect the wearer's facial organs from the poison, and has been widely used in petroleum, chemical, mining, metallurgy, military, fire fighting, emergency rescue and disaster relief, health and epidemic prevention, science and technology environmental protection and other fields.
A full-face gas mask is a filtering, single-eyed personal respiratory protective device that can effectively protect the wearer's face, eyes and respiratory tract from toxic agents. It is also a personal special labor protection article and individual protective equipment, which is worn on the head to protect people's respiratory organs, eyes and face, and prevent toxic substances such as poisonous gas, dust, and bacteria.
Steps to wear a full-face gas mask
1.Relax the full-face mask headband and adjust to the length.
2.Lift the full-face gas mask with your thumbs through the headband and, if equipped with a backpack snorkel, over your head.
3.Pull the headband up and brush the hair through the seal area of the face, over the middle of the back of the head, and let the chin into the jaw cup.
4.Make sure the full-face mask is in the middle of the face and pull the two lower straps tight so that they fit behind the head. Tighten the top two straps.
In addition to the above introduction of these respiratory protective equipment, we often see the figure of full-body protective clothing in the movie, which can be regarded as the ultimate form of personal protection, these protective clothing can be very good to isolate people from the outside world, so as to create a relatively safe environment, but we rarely encounter this situation, I would like to do a popular science for students here, I hope that students will choose appropriate protective equipment when encountering the corresponding situation, do a good job of personal protection, and conduct experiments safely.
Tips:
Precautions for wearing a mask
1. Masks can only reduce the risk of viral infection, but cannot guarantee absolute safety;
2. Do not adjust it at will after wearing it, and do not take it off and put it back on, so as not to get sick germs on your hands or not pay attention to touching the mask with dirty gloves (develop the habit of not touching the mask with both hands);
3. Masks should not be shared with others or reused, and should be discarded directly after use and wash hands thoroughly.
When do I need to change my mask?
1. The mask is contaminated, such as foreign objects such as blood stains or droplets, or damaged.
2. The user feels that the breathing resistance becomes larger.
3. In the case that the mask and the user's face are well sealed, when the user feels great breathing resistance (dust filter) or smells the smell of toxic substances (anti-poison filter box), he should replace it with a new filter cotton or poison filter box in time.