Money is a special commodity that has value in itself and can act as a general equivalent in a fixed manner. **Because of its durability, high density, and many unique characteristics in appearance, it naturally became a symbol of wealth and status, and began to play the role of money in the large-scale process of social production and exchange. In the process of the development of human society, ** has a very long history as currency, of which China is the earliest. According to Sima Qian's "Historical Records and Pinghuai Book", "the coins of Yu and Xia have three grades of gold, or yellow, or white, or red" (yellow, white, and red refer to gold, silver, and copper respectively), about 4,000 years ago; Ban Gu's "Hanshu Food and Goods Chronicle" has "(Jiang) Taigong is Zhou Lijiufu Law: ** square inch, and weighs one pound ......."It has been more than 3,000 years. During the Warring States Period, the "Yuan" of Chu State, which has a history of about 2,300 years, is the earliest ** currency found in China. Yingai is the same era as the ancient Roman gold coins of Alexandria excavated in Europe. The regionality of ancient human civilization determined the regionalization of the currency function at that time, but whether it was in the East or the West, without the degree of development, people invariably used it as a currency, which fully proved the natural monetary attributes.
The advent of the Western Industrial Revolution and the Age of Navigation made ** truly the world's currency, and also laid the foundation for the implementation of the "gold standard" in the 18th century. ** In this short stage of human history, large-scale and centralization have been completed, and in the collision and integration of civilizations, the process of global identity has been completed. When the conditions were ripe, Britain was the first to introduce the gold standard in 1917. Under the gold standard, it can be used not only as a domestic means of payment for circulation and settlement, but also as a means of international settlement, which can be freely exported to the borders of the exporting countries. Countries that implement the gold standard achieve the purpose of calming inflation and adjusting the imbalance between imports and exports through the flow of **. The discovery of the New World and the integration of the East and the West greatly increased the number of the world, and the demand for globalization was satisfied, and the society began to move from the exclusive domain of the emperor to the broad society; By the beginning of the First World War in 1914, 59 countries had adopted the gold standard,** as a general equivalent of commodity exchange, becoming a medium in the process of commodity exchange, and social mobility increased greatly. The gold standard is the pinnacle of the performance of the first monetary attributes, and has played a major role in promoting the development of the world economy, especially the international economy, and the major countries in the world have implemented the gold standard for more than 200 years, and the shorter ones have been decades.
Marx wrote in Capital that as commodity exchange increasingly transcends geographical limits, commodity value increasingly develops into the embodiment of ordinary human labor, and the form of money is increasingly transferred to those commodities that are naturally suitable for performing the social function of general equivalents, that is, to ***.
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