Grandpa Li, 75 years old, is a man with10-year history of hypertensionof patients.
For so many years, he has been carefully controlling his blood pressure, taking regular blood pressure medication and trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Ten days ago he suddenly feltLightheadedness, nausea, chest tightness, blurred vision, which worried him and his family a lot.
So, his grandson immediately accompanied Grandpa Li to the hospital for an examination. After a series of examinations, Grandpa Li's blood pressure was high220/110mmhg, diastolic blood pressure is markedly elevated, and retinal examination can show flame-like hemorrhage, cotton wool spots, or optic disc edema, and the diagnosis is confirmedWorsening hypertension
When the news came, Grandpa Li felt a little panicked, obviously he had been taking blood pressure medication on time, why did his condition worsen. The doctor told Grandpa Li that the ** of high blood pressure is not a one-and-done solution. As we age, blood vessels harden and blood pressure becomes more difficult.
Although Grandpa Li takes blood pressure medication on time, as he gets older, he needs to go to the hospital in time to review the status of his blood vessels and blood pressure controlAdjust the dose or type of medication。However, in the process of high blood pressure, Grandpa Li did not have regular check-ups, nor did he correctly adjust the dosage of the medication according to his physical state in time, so he willTransition from ordinary hypertension to worsening hypertension, with symptoms such as lightheadedness.
So after this, Grandpa Li needs more strict medication** and management. But he also understands that only by actively cooperating with the doctor's best plan can he effectively control the condition and restore his health.
The doctor formulated a set for Grandpa LiPersonalized solutions。First of all, he adjusted Grandpa Li's antihypertensive medication, increased the dosage of the medication, and replaced it with a medication that was more suitable for his current condition. The doctor also told him that in the following time, his blood pressure should be measured regularly and the results of the measurements should be strictly recorded, so that the dosage of the drug could be adjusted in time and the condition could be controlled.
Grandpa Li's experience lets us know that hypertension is a chronic disease that requires long-term management and management, and different types of hypertension have different degrees of harm, and if the method is not adjusted in time, the symptoms of hypertension will worsen, and even turn into the most serious worsening type of hypertension, but we don't have to worry too much, as long as we stick to it according to the doctor's method, we will be able to overcome it. Among the many types of high blood pressure, there are three types of blood pressure that are more harmful and should be vigilant.
1) Malignant hypertension
Malignant hypertension, also called rapidly progressive hypertension, is a rare but serious type of hypertension. This type of hypertension progresses rapidly, with extremely high blood pressure levels, often persistent diastolic blood pressure exceeding 130 mmHgBlood pressure is more than 200 to 120 mmHgcan lead to severeTarget organ damageIt usually has a rapid onset and rapid progression, causing serious damage to organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys, and even life-threatening.
Patients may present due to rapid disease progressionHeadache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, chest tightness, blurred visionand other symptoms. Lack of exercise and excessive mental stress may also contribute to the occurrence of malignant hypertension.
The diagnosis of malignant hypertension depends on:Detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory tests。The key to malignant hypertension is:Rapidly lowers blood pressure and relieves symptomsto prevent complications.
2) Early morning hypertension
Morning hypertension, also known as "morning peak hypertension", refers to a significant increase in blood pressure within a short period of time after waking up in the morning. This phenomenon usually occurs in:6 a.m. to 10 a.mIt is one of the more common manifestations in patients with hypertension.
The symptoms of early morning hypertension are varied, but common ones include:Headache, dizzinessWait. These symptoms may be most noticeable when you wake up in the morning and sometimes even interfere with your daily activities. In addition, early morning hypertension may also lead to some serious complications, such as cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction, and the risk of these complications is especially high in the early morning hours.
The pathogenesis of early morning hypertension may be related to a variety of factors. During sleep, sympathetic activity decreases and blood pressure decreases; When you wake up in the morning, sympathetic activity increases rapidly, leading to an increased heart rate and increased blood pressure.
In addition, the secretion of hormones in the body also changes in the early morning hours, and the secretion of hormones such as catecholamines and cortisol increases, which may also lead to an increase in blood pressure.
3) White coat hypertension
White coat hypertension, also known as "office hypertension," is a condition in which blood pressure is elevated when measured in a healthcare facility, but normal when measured in other settings such as the home or office. This is usually due to what the patient feels in a healthcare settingA temporary increase in blood pressure due to nervousness or anxiety
The harm of white coat hypertension may not be as serious as that of persistent hypertension, but it still needs to be paid enough attention. First of all, although the blood pressure of white coat hypertension may be normal in daily life, repeated increases in blood pressure may cause certain pressure on the cardiovascular system, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, myocardial hypertrophy, etc.
Secondly, it may occur due to repeated blood pressure measurements in medical institutions in patients with white coat hypertensionAnxiety, depressionand other psychological problems, which further affect the quality of life and health.
In addition, white coat hypertension can cause doctorsThe patient was misdiagnosed with persistent hypertension, thus carrying out unnecessary **, such as drugs**, etc. This can place an additional physical and financial burden on the patient.
Therefore, for patients with high blood pressure in white coats, in addition to taking antihypertensive drugs, it is also recommended that patients do it under the guidance of a doctorPsychological, lifestyle adjustmentsand other comprehensive interventions, focusing on daily blood pressure levels, psychological conditions, and quality of life. At the same time, doctors and patients should also work together to eliminate negative emotions such as tension and anxiety, and establish a healthy lifestyle and mentality. After understanding the three types of hypertension, let's take a look at how to prevent hypertension.
The prevention of hypertension is an important health task, and by taking a series of effective measures, we can reduce the risk of developing hypertension. Here's a detailed look at how to prevent high blood pressure to help the public maintain cardiovascular health.
First of all, nurture itHealthy lifestyleIt is the key to preventing high blood pressure, we should maintain a balanced diet, try to eat low-salt, low-fat, high-fiber foods, eat more vegetables and fruits, and ensure a healthy diet.
At the same time, to:Control your weight and avoid obesityMaintain moderate levels of physical activityGet at least 150 minutes of aerobic activity per week. Obesity and lack of exercise can lead to a weakening of the elasticity of blood vessels.
In addition,Manage physical and mental stressIt is also a part of the prevention of hypertension that cannot be ignored. Long-term mental stress and psychological stress can cause sympathetic nervous excitement and increase blood pressure. Therefore, we should learn to manage stress effectively and maintain mental balance through relaxation techniques, good sleep, and social activities.
At the same time,Have regular medical check-upsand health check-ups are also important means of preventing high blood pressure.
By measuring blood pressure, checking blood sugar and blood lipids, we can detect potential health problems in time and take appropriate measures to intervene.
Especially for people who already have a family history of hypertension or other high-risk factors, the frequency and content of regular physical examinations should be strengthened.
Finally, prevention of high blood pressure is also neededThe support and cooperation of the community。**Medical institutions and communities should strengthen publicity and education on hypertension to raise public awareness and attention to hypertension. At the same time, it provides convenient blood pressure monitoring services to encourage people to measure their blood pressure regularly to detect and control hypertension in time. In addition to preventing high blood pressure, if high blood pressure has been diagnosed, what can we do?
Hypertension is a complex and long-term management process, involving medications, psychological counseling, and patient self-management and monitoring. The following will elaborate on the methods of hypertension and related precautions.
First of all, drugs are an important method of hypertension, and different drugs have different mechanisms of action and indications, so patients need to use drugs under the guidance of doctors, and regularly monitor blood pressure and adjust medications.
In the course of the drug**,Combination medicationsis a common method. For exampleCEIs or ARBs may be combined with low-dose thiazide diuretics, which is conducive to vascular remodeling; Dihydropyridine calcium antagonists are combined with low-dose receptor blockersBeneficial for improved prognosis; In addition to this, there are also antihypertensive drugs in combination preparations, which are already combination regimens, such as perindopril indapamide tablets or irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide tablets. Combination drugs can exert the synergistic effect between different drugs, improve the antihypertensive effect, and reduce the adverse effects of a single drug.
In addition to medications**, patientsSelf-management and monitoringIt is also an important part of high blood pressure**.
Patients need to measure blood pressure regularly, record blood pressure changes, if the blood pressure exceeds the normal range, that is, systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90mmHg, then it is necessary to be vigilant, if it does not drop for a long time after taking the medicine correctly, it is necessary to seek medical attention in time.
At the same time, patients also need to pay attention to maintaining good living habits to avoid the impact of overwork, emotional agitation and other adverse factors on blood pressure.
To sum up, there are various types of hypertension, and we should be extra vigilant against the three special types of malignant hypertension, early morning hypertension and white coat hypertension. The formation of hypertension involves:Heredity, environment, lifestyleand many other aspects.
In order to prevent and control the occurrence of hypertension, we should have regular physical examinations and health check-upsHealthy lifestyleQuit smoking, limit alcohol, and manage stressWait.
At the same time, for patients who already have high blood pressure, it shouldSeek prompt medical attention, receive a professional diagnosis and ** to control blood pressure levels and reduce the risk of complications.
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2] Regular follow-up helps with the health management of patients with hypertension Family Life Guide 202308.15
3] Precautions for three types of patients with special types of hypertension, Public Health News, 202208.11
4] How do you define "specific types of hypertension"?Chinese Journal of Hypertension 202202.15
5] *Diagnosis and treatment countermeasures from refractory hypertension to secondary hypertension at the grassroots level, Modern Clinical Science, 202011.11
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