The five sisters control American politics, and how the national tragedy arises
Oil companies have sought U.S. protection and financial support to protect their vast leased territories, but they have shown a lack of honesty and greedy desires that have led them to huge profits.
The ** department responsible for the implementation of the Marshall Plan uncovered a trick known as "ghost cargo", through which cheap oil in the Persian Gulf was given to the US Navy at a higher price than the *** extracted by the United States.
The United States was unhappy with the monopoly of the oil giants, but Truman still chose to keep the scandals secret. Because the United States is in the midst of an embargo on Iranian oil, US Secretary of State Dean Acheson is running around to ensure that the ** market functions properly in the face of the blockade of Iran.
In addition, the U.S. side also called on oil majors to work together to provide fuel for troops in the Korean War. However, despite Truman's reluctance to act, the U.S. Department of Justice insisted on ending the oil majors' hegemonic control over oil production outside the United States, ending quotas for U.S. oil production, ending secret limits that control oil sales in foreign markets, and ending restrictions ......on U.S. imports and exportsU.S. Secretary of State Acheson sent a letter to the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice in April 1952, warning that attacks on oil companies could lead to instability in the Middle East; At the same time, it could hinder the achievement of US foreign policy goals.
However, then-US Attorney General James McGrenary ignored his warnings, announcing the appointment of a grand jury and, over the next few months, arraignating the heads of no less than 21 oil companies, including the five major US oil companies, as well as Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Royal Dutch Shell Group, and French Petroleum Company.
This is an open war between American justice and diplomacy. There are two opposing views of the state, one based on the principle of fairness and the other on pragmatism. The Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of the Interior support the arguments of the US diplomatic justification, stating: "The operation of the US oil giants is an instrument of our foreign policy. ”
The United States stressed that during the Cold War, antitrust lawsuits against oil companies could lead people to believe that "capitalism is synonymous with predatory exploitation."
London and Paris also announced that they supported this defense, and Paris even presented Washington with an official ** against the US judiciary. However, the Justice Department's rebuttal is also very sharp.
According to the Minister of Justice, "the global oil cartel is a ** and hegemonic power; It, in the hands of private interests, extends to an important global industry. ”
So, which side will the United States choose to stand on?
On January 12, 1953, the outgoing Truman** decided to take a pragmatic approach and convert criminal proceedings against the oil giants into civil proceedings. Although the White House ultimately agreed to tie the future of the American empire closely to the oil industry, this did not change the fact that the civil lawsuit filed by Truman was ignored.
After Eisenhower took over, large American companies were given clear assurances that they would no longer sue oil syndicates in the name of antitrust laws to ensure the proper functioning of the war machine.
Notably, the oil companies were defended by the law firm Sullivan Cromwell, whose partners included U.S. Secretary of State John. Foster. Dulles and CIA Director Allen. Dulles.
In his farewell address on January 17, 1961, Eisenhower warned that the military-industrial complex could gain unscrupulous influence that threatened the legitimacy of the regime, and the same applies to the oil majors, the essential partners of American rule.
However, in fact, in 1953, Eisenhower** granted the right to deal freely, ushered in a ** period of American companies controlling world oil production, although Iran suffered two years of boycott, but the crisis did not affect the world*** nor did it trigger the oil crisis.
On May 15, 1951, just days after the British embargo on Iran, Washington said that American companies would not save Tehran: they would respect the embargo.
As a result, oil extraction in Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait accelerated, and the total production of oil in the Persian Gulf remained unchanged.
Since the establishment of the Iranian Oil Joint Venture in 1954, the conglomerate of Western oil majors in Iran has represented the ultimate extreme and delicate form of production cartelization.
A secret agreement in the company's charter implicitly provided for a secret quota for Iranian oil production, which the Shah of Iran did not know until 1974. In order to avoid market saturation, the members of the joint venture reached an agreement to set annual limits on Iranian oil production in order to protect the interests of all parties, except for Iran**.
This complex calculation of the "aggregate planned quantity" makes the control of Iraq, the third largest oil country in the Persian Gulf, a deployment supplement to control oil production in the Middle East and the world.
Despite the establishment of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1960, the total output of Western companies in the major producer countries of the Third World, from 1950 to 1972, was still at a staggering 9The steady rate of 55% is increasing year by year.
Another valid indicator of the seller's market for world oil production throughout the "** Thirty Years" period was that during the first oil crisis from 1945 to 1973, ** per barrel of oil remained largely unchanged.
The "stick-up" price of Saudi Arabian light oil has not remained below $2 for 30 years, and this would not have been so stable if there had been free competition at the time.
Due to the extremely low cost of extraction, obtained by limiting production, the perfect agreement between the giants has made it "extremely profitable". In the Middle East, when the oil majors are favorable, it takes less than two years to recoup all the investments, including drilling wells, building pipelines, etc.
In general, the profit margins of the oil industry during this period were 5 times higher than those of the American industry, and no other industry had such a high rate of profitability as the black gold industry, not even the minerals of Africa.
Since 1963, Iranian oil-extracting complexes have broken an absolute record with a profit margin of more than 100%: every year, the company earns more profits than the total amount of shareholder investments.
This staggering level of profitability largely fills the gap of low yields that preceded the fall of Mossaldagh.
The oil cartels, who control the oil of the Middle East, have power that surpasses that of Western democracies, which also serve them. On the eve of the 1973 oil crisis, the Anglo-Saxon giants controlled 91% of Middle Eastern oil and 77% of "free world" oil.
From 1954 to 1970, the five giants earned the nickname "Seven Sisters" and controlled more than half of oil production in the United States. They are also the controllers of the world's major oil pipelines and have a significant impact on the world economy.
The operations of these five giants are controlled by the Rockefeller family, including Exxon, Mobil, Chevron, and Amoco Petroleum. From 1945 to the early '70s, the five giants and Royal Dutch Shell increased their capital convergence through cross-shareholding in several banks in New York.
These banks include the Morgan Trust Company, the Chemical Bank of New York, Bank of America, the National City Bank, and Chase Bank, while the imprint of the Rockefeller dynasty can be found in many institutions in the United States and internationally.
David Rockefeller is the mysterious driving force behind the United Nations Headquarters. At the critical moment of the establishment of the United Nations, his brother Nelson was commissioned by his father, John David Rockefeller Jr., to purchase 7 hectares of land along the Hudson River for $8.5 million**, providing the material basis for the establishment of the United Nations Headquarters.
At the same time, the Rockefellers had a profound influence on the policies of the United Nations. Through its first meeting, the Rockefeller family supported the War and Peace Research Project Group, whose members participated in the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and the San Francisco Conference on United Nations International Organization, which eventually led to the creation of the United Nations.
In addition, the Rockefeller family also worked closely with the United States, and one of their grandchildren, David Rockefeller, often corresponded with the Dulles brothers, and their relationship had an important impact on American foreign policy.
Overall, David Rockefeller was an important driving force behind the UN headquarters and the force behind US foreign policy.
Rockefeller Jr. contributed greatly to the founding of the United Nations, he funded the Council on Foreign Relations and held key positions in the organization. In addition, he has strong ties with the Bilderberg Club, which is a place for the world's elite.
While the Rockefellers were also involved in philanthropy, funding many scientific research projects and university research centers, helping European artists and scientists escape the Nazis**, and promoting modern agricultural techniques in Third World countries, their actions were not entirely benevolent.
With the support of the United States**, the oil giant's expansion strategy has been well underway. Despite the fact that the giants violated antitrust laws and raised their prices for the US Navy, the White House, in order to avoid scandal and in the name of the country's geostrategic interests, granted the oil giants a certificate of clarity in the handover of their accounts.
This not only gave the oil "Seven Sisters" cartel, but also allowed the hegemonic will of the Rockefeller family to play a decisive role in several vital international institutions.
This was the beginning of the "capitalist" politics in the United States, and it is also a question that we should pay attention to and think about. Thank you for your support and attention, and we'll see you next time.