The image of Zhuge Liang is mythical and lofty in the folk, and even Mr. Lu Xun described it as"It's like a demon and close to a demon"。However, although "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is based on the history of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, it is a history after all, which is different from the real history.
Therefore, the image of Zhuge Liang in ** cannot be equated with a real person in history.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is undoubtedly an outstanding historical theme**, and its historical background is amazingly profound. However, Hu Shi believes that it is just an influential popular history lecture note, although it is derived from real history, but in literary works, it is more like a historical lecture note**, and its content cannot be regarded as real history.
Because ** will inevitably have the author's emotional tendency, for the development of the storyline, the author will use various writing techniques to create suspense, Zhang Xuecheng of the Qing Dynasty also commented on the writing method of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", saying that it "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is seven truths and three falsehoods, which is easy to mislead readers."
Zhuge Liang's image in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is different from the historical image, mainly because the author adopts a narrative technique of "seven realities and three fictions". In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", some of Zhuge Liang's famous deeds, such as Longzhong, burning Chibi, borrowing arrows from grass boats, and empty city plans, are not real things that happened in history.
Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pair" is a programmatic document for Liu Bei's future administration. In 201 AD, Cao Cao defeated Liu Bei, causing him to defect to Jingzhou and rely on Liu Biao.
At that time, Si Anhui once proposed: "Those who know the times are Junjie." There are Fulong, phoenix chicks, and talented people like Zhuge Liang and Pang Shiyuan. Liu Bei therefore developed a strong interest in Zhuge Liang.
In 207 AD, under the introduction of Xu Shu, Liu Bei went to visit Zhuge Liang.
In the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", Chen Shou put forward the suggestion of "crossing Jing, benefiting, protecting its rock resistance, west and Zhurong, south Fu Yiyue, and forming a good alliance with Sun Quan". He pointed out that Cao Cao had millions of people, and he coerced the Son of Heaven to make the princes not to compete with him.
After hearing this, Liu Bei deeply agreed, and invited Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain to help, and Zhuge Liang also adopted his suggestion. These suggestions later became the program of action of Liu Bei's group and were successfully implemented.
Based on Longzhong's strategy, Zhuge Liang Group has formulated the following internal and foreign policies: Internal policy: pay attention to the improvement of the political system and people's livelihood, and strive for internal stability and prosperity.
Foreign policy: Resist Cao Cao in the north, make peace with Zhurong in the west, appease Yiyue in the south, and unite with Eastern Wu to maintain peaceful coexistence with all parties. Military line: Take advantage of Liu Biao's weakness to seize Jingzhou first, and then Yizhou as a backing to use this as a stronghold for expansion.
These strategies were made according to the situation at that time, and it was in accordance with these strategies that Liu Bei's group was carried out, and finally formed a situation in which Wei, Shu, and Wu Ding were divided into three.
This suggestion drew a clear political blueprint for the Liu Bei group, and also provided guidance for the Liu Bei group's line to seize the world.
Although Longzhong's ideas are widely regarded as Zhuge Liang's originality, they are not. Lu Su, who was at the same time as Zhuge Liang, also made similar suggestions.
According to the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Lu Su believed that the Han dynasty could no longer be revived, and Cao Cao could not be eliminated in a moment. Therefore, he advised Sun Quan to establish a solid base in Jiangdong, observe the development of the situation, wait for an opportunity to eliminate Huang Zu, attack Liu Biao, control the entire valley of the Yangtze River, and then build his own empire on this basis.
Lu Su's suggestion was similar to Zhuge Liang's strategy of "crossing Jing and Yi Erzhou", both of which advocated the establishment of strongholds, and attacking Liu Biao was also their common proposition. Therefore, we cannot unilaterally think that Longzhong is the originality of Zhuge Liang.
In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhuge Liang went to Eastern Wu as Liu Bei's envoy, fought wits and courage with Zhou Yu, and finally reached a cooperation agreement and burned Chibi. However, Zhou Yu's jealousy of Zhuge Liang is exaggerated and inconsistent with historical records.
In fact, Zhou Yu recorded in the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" was a man of great spirit, and Jiang Gan once commented that he was elegant and elegant, which cannot be described in words. How could a person with this kind of bearing be jealous of Zhuge Liang and be angry to death by Zhuge Liang's words?
In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the resourceful design of burning Chibi is widely regarded as Zhuge Liang's masterpiece. However, according to historical records, the real protagonist of the Battle of Chibi was actually Zhou Yu.
In the autumn of 208 AD, Cao Cao led a large army to invade the south, captured Jingzhou and approached Sun Quan. In the face of the threat of Cao's army, Sun Quan's subordinates generally advocated peace, and some even proposed direct surrender.
However, it was the analysis of Zhou Yu and Sun Quan that pointed out the superiority of Cao's army in land warfare, as well as the possible impact of cold weather, that strengthened Sun Quan's determination to fight.
Zhou Yu's judgment and strategy are undoubtedly the biggest highlight in the Battle of Chibi.
In the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu, with his wisdom and bravery, successfully led the Sun-Liu coalition army, won a surprising victory, and defeated Cao Cao. Although Zhuge Liang made some achievements in diplomacy and promoted the Sun-Liu alliance, the real victory of the war was actually Zhou Yu's masterpiece.
On the occasion of the confrontation in Chibi, Zhou Yu accurately ** Cao Cao's combat effectiveness was weakened due to illness, and Cao's army was not watery, so that the Sun-Liu coalition army won the first battle. Faced with this situation, Zhou Yu once again won by surprise, adopted Huang Gai's suggestion, and asked Huang Gai to pretend to surrender to Cao Cao, and finally won a complete victory with a fire attack.
The straw boat borrowing arrows and the empty city plan are the two most unrealistic plots in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Zhuge Liang's predictability and the sound of the piano sound to transmit arrows lack scientific basis, and portray the opponent as too stupid.
In addition, Sima Yi was not present in the empty city plan, which made this plan seem too far-fetched.
Zhuge Liang is known in history as a statesman, and his main achievements were governing the army and formulating rules and regulations. He was adept at managing the army, and by imposing clear moral requirements and prescribing strict decrees, he kept the army in order.
During the Shu Han period, Zhuge Liang took"The north resisted Cao Wei, Dong and Sun Quan"strategy. In 223, he sent Deng Zhi as an envoy to Soochow and successfully reached diplomatic relations. At the same time, he also organized a southern expedition, defeated Meng Huo, captured the southwest border, pacified the surrounding tribes, and laid the territorial territory and policy of Shu Han in the southwest border.
According to the records of "Three Kingdoms, Volume 35, Shu Zhi, and Zhuge Liang's Biography", Zhuge Liang led the army to the south in the spring of the third year, and all of them were pacified in the autumn. This war not only increased the wealth of the country, but also allowed Shu Han to conduct military training and prepare for future large-scale attacks.
Although Zhuge Liang was a talent leader at that time, his achievements did lay the foundation for the situation of the Three Kingdoms. His diplomatic skills were tacit with Sun Quan's, and at the same time, he also performed well in military management and the implementation of benevolent government, and made great contributions to the establishment of Shu Han.