Speaking of jujube madness, also known as jujube broom disease, grassroots fruit farmers should be no stranger to it, and they feel deeply disgusted with it.
Because the plant infected with the disease can not produce jujube normally, so the diseased plant of the Ya name jujube tree, even if it can bear fruit in a short period of time, the fruit type is distorted, and the fruit surface is uneven.
Such fruits, the edible value and commodity attributes are discounted, and what is particularly serious is that within 3-5 years, the fruit trees will completely lose their vitality, the whole plant will die slowly, and the economic benefits of planting will be greatly reduced.
Therefore, for the prevention and control of the disease, we must not relax or slacken, and we must attach great importance to the monitoring and prevention of the disease and control all aspects of planting.
In the process, it is necessary to fully understand the causes and characteristics of diseases, and formulate disease prevention and control strategies in a focused manner to avoid damage to the quality of the product.
Relevant studies have shown that the appearance of jujube madness is not accidental, and there are natural factors in the occurrence of the disease, such as the flood of insect pests, as well as human factors, such as the grafting process is not careful and meticulous, and the daily management is wrong and negligent.
Pest spread. Leafhopper transmission is an important way of jujube madness, taking the damage of concave edge rhombic leafhopper as an example: in late August, leafhoppers migrate from jujube trees to pine trees for winter, and return to jujube trees before May of the following year to feed on eggs, adult and nymph stages, and feed on stem tips and young leaves.
In the process, pests may accidentally eat the pathogen of jujube madness and incorporate it into the salivary glands, if they bite the healthy plants, they will become the main body of new bacterial transmission, causing the entire jujube orchard to be attacked by diseases and infected with jujube madness.
Wrong grafting. Grafting can improve lighting and ventilation conditions, adjust tree potential, promote the balanced distribution of nutrients, and improve the yield and quality of jujube trees.
Because the pathogen can be spread through various ways, the more important way is grafting, bud grafting, root grafting, skin grafting and branch grafting can make the germ enter the plant body.
Mismanagement. The level of jujube orchard management is related to the stress resistance of jujube trees, and good water and fertilizer management, pest and weed control and field management programs can enhance the tree strength and stress resistance.
In addition to the above, in recent years, the temperature at home and abroad has generally increased, and the temperature in the field of pine and cypress trees in the wax moon is more suitable for the pests that spread the disease to survive the cold winter, and the base of the insect population has increased, and the scope and space of the spread of the disease have to be expanded accordingly.
The main symptoms of jujube madness are the abnormal germination of flowers and leaves and main buds, which are obvious after flowering, resulting in disordered branches and leaves, and clumping.
Bushes of leaves. Plants infected with jujube madness have decayed flowers, and sepals, petals and stamens have evolved into narrow leaves, which are emerald green and easy to scorch, and some will also form bright vein leaves in the shape of mouse ears in the main veins.
The positive buds and hidden buds on the developing branches of the plant germinate into developing branches, and the buds of other secondary branches germinate into small branches, and diseased branches are born step by step, and the morphology of the diseased branches is mostly slender, and the leaves on the branches are wilted and yellow.
Leaves withered and rotten. The symptoms range from yellowing of the mesophyll to yellowing of the veins, then to the complete yellowing of the leaves, and the morphology changes from the edge to the loss of luster, and then to the brittleness, hardness and scorching of the leaves, until they fall off.
Roots, adventitious buds germinate in large quantities, short crazy roots have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain, there are many clumps of crazy roots, the surface of the root system infected with diseases in the later stage is rotten, the ability to absorb nutrients and water becomes poor, the plant is poorly nourished, and the tree is weak.
Bad fruit. Plants infected with jujube madness, the amount of fruit decreases year by year, until it can not bear fruit, even if the infected plants bear fruit, they can only be bad fruits, and the edible value is not as good as normal fruits.
Common bad fruits and bad fruits include large and small fruits, uneven and convex fruits, uneven coloring fruits and soft fruits, the quality and taste of such fruits are unsatisfactory, can not meet the needs of consumers, and the economic benefits created are quite limited.
When there are obvious characteristics of jujube madness, it means that the vitality of the jujube tree has been declining, as short as one or two years, as long as four or five years, the plant will completely lose its vitality, wither and decay.
Weeding and insect control. The orchard is surrounded by pines and cypresses, weeds and shrubs, which is a breeding ground for pests, and it is necessary to take manual and pesticide weeding methods in time to clean up the surrounding environment of the orchard and avoid the increase in the number of leafhopper pests and flooding.
Spraying pesticides, the period is selected from June to September, spraying 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000 times liquid, which can inhibit the expansion of leafhopper population size and prevent pests from spreading harmful bacteria.
Pruning and pruning. When jujube trees are infected with jujube madness, the bacteria will quickly spread to the whole plant and become a new source of disease, threatening the healthy growth of other plants in the jujube orchard.
Therefore, in the event of jujube madness, it is necessary to clean up and prune the diseased branches and roots, dig out the diseased roots, cut off the diseased branches, strangle the pathogens into the cradle, and limit the pace of disease expansion.
Seed selection to promote growth. Different varieties of jujube trees have different disease resistance, so it is necessary to choose varieties with strong resistance to jujube madness, such as Jun jujube and jujube jujube, and disease-resistant jujube can also be used as rootstock to cultivate disease-resistant plants.
At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of jujube orchards, avoid extensive management, poor and arid soil, regular irrigation, and increase fertilizer can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, enhance the ability to resist diseases and pests, improve tree potential, and achieve the effect of increasing yield, stabilizing production and preventing diseases.
Scientific grafting. The process of jujube tree grafting should be standardized and scientific, and special attention should be paid to the disinfection of the tools used in grafting, such as disinfection with alcohol burning, which can reduce the risk of cross-infection of different plants with different diseases in grafting.
Stay away from pines and cypresses. The habitat of leafhopper pests for wintering is the pine and cypress garden, and the pests like to migrate nearby, which causes a high probability of outbreak of jujube madness in the jujube trees near the pine and cypress garden, so large-scale cultivation and planting of jujube trees should be kept away from pine and cypress trees.
On the whole, the time from the appearance of jujube madness, to the spread, and then to the loss of vitality of the plant, is extremely short, and it is extremely difficult to completely eradicate the disease.
During the period, it is necessary to grasp the key prevention and control period, when it is broken, and when it is dug, it is necessary to make sure that the spread range of jujube madness can be controlled to the greatest extent and reduce the economic loss of planting.