Why did Han Zhao Wei call the "Three Jins" in the early Warring States period?
Zhao, Han, and Wei were originally the six secretaries of the Jin State. In 453 BCE, the Zhao, Han, and Wei families defeated the ruling Zhi clan at the Battle of Jinyang and divided the Jin state. In 403 BC, Zhou Tianzi recognized the Zhao, Han, and Wei families as the princes of the Jin State"Three families are divided"。Because the Zhao, Han, and Wei families came out of the Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period, they are collectively referred to in the "Warring States Policy", "Historical Records" and "Zizhi Tongjian"."Three Jin"。
The Zhou Dynasty practiced a feudal system, while the Qing Dynasty was called"The Revolt of Lich"The Jin Dynasty began to rise after the rebellion.
We know that the Zhou Dynasty implemented the feudal system of the Son of Heaven, the Son of Heaven divided the world into vassal states, ruled by the royal family and meritorious heroes, the vassal states divided the land, ruled by the descendants of the Son of Heaven and the emperor, and the land and people were handed over to the soldiers, which was formed"The Son of Heaven - the princes - the princes - the princes - the soldiers - the soldiers"hierarchical governance system. The princes divided the land, ruled the princes and the children and grandchildren of the princes, and the princes gave the land and the people to the soldiers, and it was formed"The Son of Heaven - the princes - the princes - the princes - the soldiers - the soldiers"hierarchical governance system.
In the late Spring and Autumn period, as the annexation wars of the vassal states intensified, the power of the bureaus began to increase. However, the bureaucrats of the vassal states and the princes basically maintained a balance, because they knew what to do, so there were no major problems, but there were also two situations in which the princes replaced the princes and the small sects replaced the large ones, that is, the Qi state"Tashiro Qi"and the Jin Kingdom"Jin is divided into three clans"。This is the Qi country's"Tashiro Qi"and the Jin Kingdom"Jin is divided into three clans"。
The reason why the Jin state was replaced by the three kingdoms of Zhao, Han, and Wei can be traced back to the time of the Jin Dynasty"The Rebellion of Rihime"。In the fifth year of Jin Xiangong (672 BC), Jin Xiangong defeated Li Rong and captured Li Ji and Li Ji's extremely favored sister. Li Ji then wanted to make her son Qi Guo the crown prince, and further alienated Jin Xiangong from the relationship between the crown prince Shensheng and his sons Chong'er and Yiwu. The crown prince Shensheng was eventually killed, and Chong'er and Yiwu were also there"The Rebellion of Rihime"was killed. Later, Jin Xiangong moved the Jin Kingdom to another country, the United States.
After the Liji rebellion, the Jin state no longer made the duke and his descendants nobles, so that the clan, which could have been used as a barrier and support for the office, lost a lot of power. During the Jin Cheng period, the power of the Jin State Office was weakened"If the son of a eunuch meets the conditions, he will be granted the land", Zhao Dun, the monarch of the Jin State, appointed ministers with different surnames as dukes, and the power of the Jin State Office was weakened, and there were no longer any restrictions on dissident traitors.
In 633 B.C., the Duke of Wen of Jin implemented the Liuqing system, which consisted of eleven clans, including Hu, Xian, Xu, Luan, Fan, Zhongxing, Zhi, Han, Zhao, and Wei"Respect the elderly, love the young, respect the humble and orderly"of the principle of taking turns in power, but they are in power, and who wants to give it up? Therefore, in order to maintain their voice for a long time, they began to spread their power wildly among ministers, ministers' wives and rulers of the country. After ruthless blows and annexations, by the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, only six clans remained: the Zhao clan, the Wei clan, the Han clan, the Fan clan, the Zhi clan, and the Zhongxing clan.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Fan clan and the Zhongxing clan were destroyed, and only four kings remained in the Jin state: the Zhi clan, the Zhao clan, the Han clan, and the Wei clan, of which the Zhi clan was the most powerful.
Battle of Jinyang", the Zhi clan was destroyed and divided into three kingdoms: Zhao, Han, and Wei.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Yue Kingdom destroyed Wu, and the Yue King Goujian led his army to cross the Huai River in the north, and met Qi and Lu in Xuzhou to pay tribute to the Zhou Dynasty. King Yuan of Zhou blessed Gou Jian and recognized Yue as the ruler of the Central Plains"Uncle", Gou Jian became the last overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. During this period, the Jin Kingdom lost the power of the office, and due to internal strife among the ministers, the Jin State was unable to compete with the outside world.
After Zhi Boyao ascended the throne, he was very worried when he saw the decline of the Jin Kingdom, the traditional overlord of the Central Plains. Zhi Boyao believes that the main reason for the decline of the Jin State is the loss of power in the public office and the lack of distinction between official and private. He believes that if the Jin State wants to become the hegemon again, it must first strengthen the power of the Jin King and let the Jin King hold the power of the country, only in this way can the Jin State avoid internal friction and form a unified force for external hegemony.
Therefore, Zhi Boyao, who asked for the people's life, proposed that the four famous ministers of the Jin State each dedicate one town, one county and ten thousand households to the monarch to increase the power of the monarch. Although the three families of Han, Zhao, and Wei were unwilling, because the three families could not form a joint force, and none of them were Zhi Boyao's opponents, Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi had no choice but to sacrifice one county and ten thousand households.
Although three of the four have contributed to the quota, Zhao Xiangzi resolutely refuses. In order to punish him, at the suggestion of Zhi Boyao, Duke Wen of Jin ordered Zhi Boyao to join Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi to besiege Jinyang, and the Jin water flooded Jinyang City"Battle of Jinyang"It starts here.
Zhao Guo is not Zhizhi's opponent, not to mention that the other party has three coalition forces, which cannot be resisted at all. But he knew that the Han and Wei families would sacrifice the city, so he secretly formed an alliance with the two families, which directly led to the Han and Wei families initiating ** on the battlefield and pouring water on the Zhi camp, and Zhi Boyao was defeated and killed.
In order to avoid future troubles, the Han, Zhao, and Wei families united and killed more than 200 people of the Zhi family, divided their fiefdoms, and the Zhi family disappeared from then on. After that, the three families continued to divide the land of the Jin Kingdom, and the Jin Wengong, who had lost power, was powerless.
In 438 BC, the Duke of Jin Ai died and was succeeded by the Duke of Jin You. At this time, the land of the Jin Kingdom was divided among the three families, leaving only the Jiang family and Qu Wo as the official offices of the Jin Kingdom. In 403 BCE, King Weilie of Zhou nominally recognized the status of the three kingdoms of Zhao, Wei, and Han, and made Zhao, Han, and Wei princes. Since then, Han, Zhao, and Wei have been called"Three Jin", the Jin State existed in name only.
In the twentieth year of the reign of Emperor Xiaogong of Jin (369 BC), Marquis Cheng of Zhao and Marquis of Han Yi moved the monarch of Jin to Tunliu. In the thirtieth year of the reign of Emperor Huan of Jin (359 BC), Marquis Cheng of Zhao and Marquis of Zhao Zhao divided the Jin Dynasty and moved the monarch of Jin back to the state of Duan. In the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Huan of Jin (349 BC), Zhao destroyed the state of Duan of Jin and moved the king of Jin back to Tunliu. Soon, Han killed Jin Jun, and the Jin Kingdom perished.