He served as Deputy Prime Ministeryears, after his death, all the savings were handed over, and his daughter was very competitive
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He devoted his life to the unremitting struggle for the revolutionary cause of New China, and he devoted almost all his energy to the economic construction of New China with more than 20 years of his career as vice premier, and he was the "helmsman" of China's planned economy and the "pioneer" of New China's economic construction.
As the person in charge of the country's economic construction, he created the "planned economy" as we know it. So, why did *** hand over the important task of economic construction of New China to him?
What difficulties and obstacles did he encounter in the process of completing this important task?
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the CCP transferred back cadres in various places, but due to busy work and insufficient manpower, a cadre often needed to take on multiple positions. In this special context, he not only served as the deputy director of the Organization Department, but also was responsible for the work of the Northwest Working Committee and the Central China Working Committee.
As the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression entered a stalemate stage, the Kuomintang's blockade of the border areas became increasingly tight, and the economic problems in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo border area and the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines became increasingly serious.
In order to cope with this situation, we have strengthened the arrangements and arrangements for financial and economic work, and at this time we have accepted important tasks and led financial and economic work to solve economic problems.
In 1938, under the organization of Lin Boqu and ***, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region launched a large-scale production campaign. ** Personally deployed the cultivation of wasteland, and reclaimed 54,000 acres of land within half a month.
However, with the arrival of the planting season, the problem of fertilizer shortage is becoming more and more prominent. At this time, the leaders took the lead in collecting manure and launched a nationwide organic fertilizer campaign.
After only half a year, remarkable results have been achieved in agricultural production in the border areas.
In agriculture, our results have far exceeded expectations. Originally, we planned to open up 600,000 mu of new wasteland, but in fact, we have completed more than 1.1 million mu, with an overcompletion rate of more than 70%.
In addition, we originally planned to plant 1 million trees, but we actually completed nearly 1,392,000 trees, which is nearly 40% overachieved. We have also succeeded in developing more livestock such as sheep, donkeys, and cattle than originally planned.
On the industrial side, we have set up factories for the production of woollen and cotton fabrics, which can produce 600 pieces of cloth, more than 100 horses of woolen fabric and 200 dozen towels per month. At the same time, we have also improved agricultural tools to meet the needs of production in the border areas.
In addition, through the help of industrial cooperatives, we have set up a number of small-scale factories, such as paper mills, soap factories, iron factories, shoe factories, mills and small coal factories, which can meet the daily needs of the people in the border areas.
The development of industry and agriculture and the increase of products have not only prospered commerce and improved the people's livelihood, but also restricted the manipulation of the market by profiteers, adjusted prices, stabilized the financial affairs of the border areas, and safeguarded the quality and credit of legal tender.
At the end of this year, we brought good news: In the field of agriculture, we have created excellent results in the production of 14,000 quintals of coarse grains and 9,572 quintals of fine grains by our incumbents alone.
On the business side, both private and state-owned enterprises have shown a prosperous scene and reaped huge profits. Taking state-owned enterprises as an example, the annual profit reached 700,000 yuan.
In Yan'an, Ansai, Anbian, Baoan, Quzi and other places, mass commerce developed rapidly, and more than 30 bazaars were established. In terms of industry, we have successfully built enterprises such as wool, cotton fabrics, leather, soap, Chinese and Western medicine factories; Living conditions in institutions, schools and troops have also improved.
In the mass production movement, ** fully demonstrated his ability to organize and manage the economy. The valuable experience gained in this large-scale production movement also helped him to a certain extent in his leadership work in the economic construction of New China.
When the Soviet-backed war of liberation ended, Chiang Kai-shek, who had consolidated his rule by exploiting the people, was driven to the island of Taiwan. Finally, hundreds of millions of toiling people in China ushered in the day of "turning over and becoming masters".
However, to be honest, the country that our party took over from the Kuomintang is a veritable "mess." The protracted war has dealt a heavy blow to the already fragile Chinese economy, with serious damage to agricultural production, constant goods and increasing inflation.
In this general environment, the common people have developed the mentality of "valuing goods and ignoring currency", and the economic prospects of New China are bleak. According to statistics, in 1949, compared to the highest year in history, the total value of industrial output decreased by 50%, coal production by 48%, steel production by 80%, grain production by 25%, and cotton production by 48%.
This means that people's needs cannot be met and society cannot develop.
At that time, due to the weak economic foundation and unbalanced development of our country, stabilizing the finances and restoring the national economy became the primary task. **Under such a special historical background, he stepped onto the political and economic stage of New China as a "firefighter".
In April 1950, he took over the responsibility for the development of heavy industry in the country, and at the same time served as the deputy director of the Financial and Economic Committee. Although he was assigned a completely new post by the organization, *** at this time was still in Moscow to negotiate with the Soviet Union ** on behalf of China.
At the end of World War II, the Soviet Union signed the Yalta Agreement with China by pledging to send troops to Northeast China, and later signed a series of agreements with the Nationals**, which granted Northeast China a large number of privileges.
One of the important purposes of this visit to the Soviet Union was to persist in implementing the foreign policy of "starting anew", abolishing the old Testament, signing a new Treaty, and safeguarding China's independence and sovereignty.
As a result of this negotiation, China and the Soviet Union signed a number of contracts, and then *** and *** and others returned to Beijing first. But this did not mean that the negotiations between China and the Soviet Union were over.
In the event that China and the Soviet Union failed to reach an agreement on issues such as cooperation, economic cooperation in Xinjiang, and civil aviation, the two countries took over the important task of the delegation and went all out to deal with the negotiation work on these issues.
Due to the heavy responsibility, we dare not slack off, actively report to the superiors, and guide the negotiation work in accordance with the principles of the first class. At the same time, ** and so on often give them specific guidance and answer questions.
** The delegation always put China's interests first, and in the process of negotiations with the Soviet Union, they fought on the basis of reason, even in the face of the obstacles of the Soviet Union's status as a "superpower".
On the issue of purchasing a large amount of ** equipment for China, due to the lack of foreign exchange reserves, the payment problem once plagued the delegation. Reflect this problem to the country in a timely manner and receive suggestions.
After comprehensive domestic consideration, ** decided to reduce or postpone a part of the import manifests to protect China's interests.
In the negotiations between China and the Soviet Union, the leading role of the Soviet Union was clearly demonstrated. After two months of negotiations, the two sides signed a number of economic agreements, including in the fields of iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, power stations, automobile manufacturing and paper and other light industries.
** The performance in the negotiations left a deep impression on the Soviet representatives, and Arkhipov, who was the general adviser to the Chinese economy at the time, even bluntly said: "* has played a decisive role in all economic negotiations between the Soviet Union and China." ”
Soon after returning to China, he took office and was in charge of the national industry and planning work, and assisted in the planning, organization and management of the national economic work.
After he took office, the first planning work meeting of the Central Finance Committee was to discuss the preparation of the 1951 economic plan and the three-year goals.
In order to realize the socialist industrialization of China's economy, the leaders of our party put forward the great idea of giving priority to the development of heavy industry. This is a grand goal, and it took 50 to 100 years for the Western capitalist countries to start with the development of light industry, while it took only more than 10 years for the Soviet Union to start with the development of heavy industry.
In order to achieve this goal, the leaders of our party began to draw up a work plan and decided to carry out construction in a planned and task-divided manner, thus laying the foundation for the industrialization of the country.
In August 1952, he came to Moscow again with the Chinese delegation, the purpose of which was to exchange ideas with the Soviet Union for China's first five-year plan and to seek assistance from the Soviet Union.
Since November, China and the Soviet Union have conducted in-depth exchanges on the principles and construction tasks of China's first five-year plan. The contents of the negotiations included projects that needed to be built, projects that could be postponed, and projects that the Soviet side might assist, and the negotiations gradually entered the substantive stage.
During this period, the work was extremely heavy, and it was often necessary to work day and night in order to keep abreast of the negotiations between the various departments of China and the Soviet Union, and to personally preside over the talks with the main leaders of the Soviet side.
In addition, he also needs to keep in touch with the country, and there are many telegrams sent from Moscow, including requests for reports, suggestions, and inquiries.
On May 15, 1953, China signed an aid agreement with the Soviet Union, under which the Soviet Union would help China build or aid 91 new projects in the fields of iron and steel, metallurgy, chemical industry, medicine, and power generation.
The construction of these projects has played a vital role in promoting China's large-scale economic development. Subsequently, the leaders immediately threw themselves into the revision of the "First Five-Year Plan," and they absorbed the valuable experience of Soviet experts and, in the light of the actual situation of New China, strived to make China's economic development conform to the requirements of the law of proportional and balanced development of the national economy.
In this process, they have always adhered to the principle of combining "self-reliance" and "Soviet aid," which has laid a solid foundation for China's future economic development.
In March 1955, the Party's National Congress adopted the draft of the First Five-Year Plan. The successful formulation and implementation of this plan not only established an independent and complete industrial system for our country, but also provided valuable experience for the subsequent planning work.
Its implementation marks the first step in the rise of New China's economy. As the starting point of China's planned development of the national economy, the "First Five-Year Plan" is a milestone in the history of New China's economic development.
Therefore, the "First Five-Year Plan" is also known as "the spring in the history of China's planning." * Engaged in planning work with a scientific attitude, organized the construction of key projects with the spirit of hard work, and paid hard work and wisdom for the arrival of this "spring".
His contributions are contemporary, and their impact is far-reaching.
**, a great *** Deputy Prime Minister, left us on January 9, 1975 at the age of 75. After his death, he donated all his savings to the state in the form of "special party fees".
At the time, some people suggested that Cai Chang leave some for her grandson, but Cai Chang insisted that all the money was given by the party and the people, and if it was not used up, it should be returned to the party and the people.
As members of the Communist Party, their children should learn to be self-reliant.
The noble spirit of the couple deeply influenced their daughter, Littel, who devoted herself to voluntary poverty alleviation work in her later years. Since the establishment of the China Poverty Alleviation Association, Li Tete has raised funds everywhere as the "executive director of the Association", and has been running around for the cause of poverty alleviation regardless of old age, hard work, and remuneration.
Her efforts have won more than 16 million yuan in financial assistance for the China Poverty Alleviation Association, helping poor families get out of their predicament and igniting the flame of hope in life.
In 2021, Ms. Littlet passed away, although the flame of her life has been extinguished, the spirit of selfless dedication and deep care for the people of her and her family will shine forever in our hearts like stars!