In recent years, there has been an influx of films related to the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, which have won praise from audiences for their epic images and excellent special effects. However, in terms of plot, many viewers are not satisfied.
The reason is that there is a common problem in these films, that is, the depiction of the volunteer army is too superficial and lacks in-depth analysis. Among them, the lack of the important position of political commissar is the most criticized.
China's armed forces have many unique features, and the establishment of a political chief parallel to the military chief is the biggest innovation. It can be said that the political commissar is the key combat force of the People's Liberation Army**, and in any battlefield, the political commissar plays an indispensable role.
In the War of Liberation, the success of each major theater is inseparable from the best partner of the commander and political commissar, whether it is the "Liu Deng" combination or the "Lin Luo" combination, which is highly appreciated by military fans in later generations.
However, there are exceptions, such as the Northwest Field Army commanded by *** did not set up a political commissar, why is this?
In classic film and television dramas, we often see that the PLA has two leaders: one is the supreme military commander, and the other is the political commissar responsible for the ideological and political construction of soldiers.
The post of political commissar differed in the Soviet Red Army and the Chinese People's Army, and although the two were similar in form, they were very different in essence. The political commissars first appeared in the October Revolution, and their initial duties were similar to those of the ancient army in our country, they were the supervisors of the army stationed by the Bolshevik Party, and even shot the military governor directly in a critical moment.
Therefore, for a long time, the political commissars within the Soviet Red Army were not highly evaluated.
The convening of the Gutian Conference marked the official birth of the people's army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the post of political commissar was added to the meeting. This meeting had a far-reaching impact on the building and development of the Red Army, and through the formulation of a number of important resolutions, it pointed out the direction for the development of the people's army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
The addition of political commissars is not only the key to solving the problem that the Communist Party of China has found after summing up the experience of the Red Army's repeated defeats, but also an important driving force for the development of the people's army. In the early days of the founding of the Red Army, the Red Army suffered many defeats in the confrontation with the Kuomintang troops due to problems such as insufficient strength, lack of military literacy, and insufficient cohesion of the troops.
However, through the convening of the Gutian Conference and the addition of political commissars, the cohesion of the Red Army was enhanced and a solid foundation was laid for the development of the Red Army.
On the battlefield, Red Army soldiers often performed well when things were going well, but once they faced adversity, their morale was greatly reduced, and even negative emotions such as retreat and panic appeared.
In order to solve this problem, the Red Army strengthened the political and ideological construction of the army in order to raise the ideological consciousness of the soldiers and make them understand why they are fighting. However, military commanders are usually busy with training and combat command, and it is difficult to have enough time and energy to focus on this aspect of work, so special personnel are required to be responsible.
Thus, the political commissar came into being.
Their daily work involves many aspects, including the ideological and political construction of the troops, the study and guidance of soldiers, and the concern and guidance of soldiers' emotions. After their accession, the morale of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was significantly boosted.
These political commissars not only have excellent military qualities, but can also work closely with military commanders to jointly formulate operational plans and military deployments, resulting in a 1+1>2 effect.
In the War of Liberation, many military regions adopted this model, forming many classic combinations that people talk about, such as the widely respected "Liu Deng" and "Lin Luo".
Among the best partners of the commander and the political commissar, the "Liu Deng" combination, which is known as a good story, is undoubtedly the most well-known. Especially in the local stage of the Liberation War, the people's army was divided into four main field armies, among which the commander-in-chief and political commissar of the Central Plains Field Army were recognized as partners.
They have been working together since 1938 and have worked together for 12 years. The most amazing thing is that these two can be civil and martial, ** mobilization ability is first-class, ** in the later stage of the Liberation War can also independently fight against the Kuomintang famous general Bai Chongxi, the subtlety of the use of troops is amazing.
In addition to the "Liu Deng" combination, the partners of ** and *** are equally fascinating. If "Liu Deng" is a joint cooperation with both civil and military skills, then "Lin Luo" is a strong complement to each other's strengths.
The assistance and coordination of ** made the four fields commanded by ** make the enemy frightened in the northeast battlefield, and the color of the talk changed. In addition to these two pairs, the partner of ** and Su Yu is also first-class.
However, the two of them are more special and have always maintained a superior-subordinate relationship. **As the commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army, although it seems that he is fully responsible for military command and political construction, in fact he is more responsible for political affairs.
In the War of Liberation, ** and *** often served as the commander of large-scale battles, and the outstanding command ability of deputy commander Su Yu was fully reflected in the Huaihai Campaign.
However, it is worth noting that although three of the four field armies have political commissars, the Northwest Field Army is an exception, its commander and political commissar are both Mr. Peng, and all military command and ideological mobilization are also done personally.
Although the task of the Northwest Field Army was very arduous, not only to confront Hu Zongnan's 250,000 troops head-on, but also to protect the safety of the ** leader, but *** insisted on bearing all the pressure alone and did not send any political commissar to share it.
**, a highly decorated military and political all-rounder, his talent is not only reflected in the political commissar position during the Liberation War, but also in the period of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, he also served as the commander-in-chief and political commissar of the People's Volunteers.
As a rule, commanders and commissars in the people's army need to be held by different people, and a similar situation arises only in special times. This will not only ensure that the army is not a "hall of words" of one person and create the effect of pooling wisdom and efforts, but also promote coordination and cooperation to better build and train the revolutionary army.
After all, military command and ideological mobilization are two completely different fields, and there are only a handful of people who can do both. It is more practical and efficient to select the right talents in their respective fields to match.
**'s special talent has aroused our concern, and whether he can be qualified for both military and political positions, has aroused our conjecture. The answer is yes, Mr. Peng is indeed a rare generalist, and he has shown an extremely high level in both military and political work.
Mr. Peng's military talent is well known, he is second only to Commander-in-Chief Zhu among the top ten marshals, and he is undoubtedly one of the most outstanding commanders at that time. In the War of Resistance Against Japan, he personally commanded the "Battle of the Hundred Regiments", showing his ability to command large-scale battles; In the War of Liberation, he led more than 20,000 people to meet Hu Zongnan's 250,000 army, and won the victory in the defense of Yan'an, which fully demonstrated the strong military quality and the spirit of daring to fight.
Therefore, many people's impression of Mr. Peng is that he is an enterprising and resolute soldier, and he does not seem to conform to the traditional image of a political commissar who is polite and good at channeling the emotions of soldiers.
**'s political and military prowess is as outstanding as his military prowess. In many tough battles, his ability to mobilize helped the army achieve victory. ** He was the marshal of the Republic who had the most in-depth study and comprehension of Marxist-Leninist thought, and he regarded it as his lifelong ideal and fought for it all his life.
In order to spread Marne's ideas, he formed a soldiers' committee in the ranks of the Northern Expedition. After joining the Red Army, he paid more attention to political and ideological work, and invested a lot of energy in this regard.
Even in the heat of battle, he never gave up on the construction of the army's ideology and constantly innovated in practice.
In the 1947 Battle of Yan'an, ** showed outstanding leadership skills. He continued to defeat Hu Zongnan, so that the Northwest Field Army absorbed a large number of Kuomintang surrendered troops.
Although these recruits were all opposed to the Kuomintang, their consciousness still needed to be improved due to the lack of a complete political and ideological education. In order to solve this problem, after applying to **, it was decided to suspend military operations and begin a campaign to reorganize the army for more than 20 days.
In this army rectification operation, the spirit of innovation was demonstrated. He combined such measures as the grievance campaign, the rotation training of cadres, the democratic inspection, and the expansion of party organizations to form a unique way of reorganizing the army.
In particular, the development of the grievance campaign deeply moved the fighters, further strengthened their revolutionary convictions, and laid a solid ideological foundation. This army reorganization movement quickly condensed the combat effectiveness of the Northwest Field Army, and later in the battle, they successfully formed a suppression of Hu Zongnan.
** The value of grievance education was highly recognized, and it was quickly extended to all PLA units in the country, so that political cadres at all levels could master this powerful tool.
** Candidates for commander and commissar: the embodiment of trust and difficult choices. ** The absolute trust in Mr. Peng made him wear two hats, and this decision proved to be correct and wise.
However, the delay in finding a suitable political commissar candidate is also a small reason why Mr. Peng failed to find a partner. It is the duty of a soldier to obey orders, and under normal circumstances, the military commander will actively cooperate with the assignment of **.
However, if the person delegated is not the right person, the results may not be satisfactory. Mr. Peng has extremely high seniority and prestige in the army, he is the pioneer of the ** Soviet region, and he is also the vice chairman of the Military Commission, second only to Commander-in-Chief Zhu.
Therefore, it is a very challenging task to find a political commissar who can match him.
It's not that the most suitable commissar candidate can't be found, it's just that he already has more important tasks assigned to him. This person is *** After the end of the Red Army's Long March, in order to better build the base area in northern Shaanxi, he was appointed as the political commissar of the northern Shaanxi detachment of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
In 1936, in the face of the pressing of the Japanese invaders, our party decided to unite with the Kuomintang to resist the strong enemy. In order to show sincerity, ** took the lead in establishing the Anti-Japanese Vanguard Army, which was jointly led, trained and commanded by *** and ***.
After the start of the Anti-Japanese War, ** shouldered greater responsibilities and needed overall planning, and was no longer suitable for serving as a political commissar. After that, ** began to live as both commander and commissar, and ** has not been able to find a suitable person to replace him.
However, ** is not good at the details of the field of political work, and is mainly responsible for the overall planning and design of the general direction. The specific implementation and many details of the work were entrusted to the Deputy Political Commissar.
After all, human energy is limited, and even an outstanding leader like *** can't do everything. Therefore, being both a commander and a commissar is not only a trust in his ability to do a good job, but also the best choice in the face of difficult situations.
** A true all-rounder, his outstanding military exploits and outstanding political work ability made him rank after Commander-in-Chief Zhu among the top ten marshals. His influence was not limited to the military sphere, and his side as a good politician is little known.
His efforts were aimed at building a regularized and revolutionary people's army, and his exploits will forever be recorded in the annals of history.