Summary:With the increase of national energy conservation and emission reduction efforts, hospitals, as energy-using units, consume a lot of energy, and it is imperative to save energy. How to achieve the goal of 20% energy reduction in hospitals, what difficulties are faced by energy conservation and emission reduction, what advantages are there, and what means and methods should be used to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.
Keywords:Hospital; Energy conservation; Implement.
0 Introduction. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "strengthen the conservation of energy resources and the protection of the ecological environment, and enhance the ability of sustainable development." The construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society should be placed in a prominent position in the development strategy of industrialization and modernization, and implemented in every unit and every family. Implement the responsibility system for energy conservation and emission reduction". China's 11th Five-Year Plan outlines a 20% reduction in GDP energy consumption and a 10% reduction in total emissions of major pollutants during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. * A series of strong decisions and deployments have been made for energy conservation and emission reduction, and all regions and departments have also put energy conservation and emission reduction work in a very important position. At present, the promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction is further increasing, the policy measures are being further implemented, the social atmosphere is further strengthened, and the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction is further emerging. As a hospital, the consumption of energy is very large, the task of energy conservation and emission reduction is arduous, the responsibility is heavy, how to achieve the goal of reducing energy consumption by 20%, what difficulties are faced by energy conservation work, what advantages exist, what potential can be tapped, what means and methods should be used to achieve energy saving, this is a realistic problem in front of the hospital. Let's talk about how our hospital has carried out energy-saving work in recent years, talk about our experience and solutions, and please correct the deficiencies.
1. Characteristics of hospital energy.
Beijing stipulates that units with annual energy consumption of more than 5,000 tons of standard coal are energy-using units, which are inspected and supervised. At present, most of the energy consumption of Beijing's tertiary hospitals is more than 5,000t standard coal. With the increasing improvement of living standards, people's demand for medical conditions is also increasing, and hospitals can only meet people's needs by continuously improving medical technology, improving equipment, and adding functions, so the energy consumption of hospitals is also rising. According to the statistics of our hospital in recent years, in the energy consumption of electricity, natural gas, tap water, fuel oil and other energy consumption, the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning accounts for more than half of the total energy consumption, which is energy-saving. As shown in Figure 1, heating and air conditioning accounted for 56% of all electricity consumption in 2009.
2 Problems existing in the energy-saving work of hospitals.
2.1 Unclear energy consumption.
Before the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", if you want to know how much energy is consumed, you must know from the bank's monthly collection slips, as well as how much electricity, gas, water, etc. are consumed. But these energy are used in the first place, which equipment and systems are large energy consumers, whether the structure of energy consumption is reasonable, if energy-saving measures are carried out, how much energy consumption can be reduced, whether to achieve the expected goals, these are not able to count, because there is no installation of secondary metering devices, can not get the original data, energy consumption base is not clear, is the difficulty encountered in energy-saving work.
2.2. Institutions and systems are not perfect.
The hospital does not have a dedicated agency responsible for energy conservation, nor does it have full-time or part-time energy managers to do the job. Lack of energy-saving planning and implementation goals, no relevant rules and regulations for energy conservation and emission reduction, energy-saving work is in a state of unclear responsibility and no rules to follow.
2.3. The investment in energy saving is large.
The implementation of many energy-saving projects requires a large investment, and sometimes the investment in energy-saving renovation is greater than the cost of saving energy, which is the so-called "energy saving without saving money". And the analysis of energy-saving benefits is theoretical, whether the expected energy-saving goals can be achieved after implementation, and whether there is a discrepancy with the theoretical energy consumption, are still in mind.
2.4. Lack of relevant professional knowledge of personnel.
Due to the lack of assessment of energy work in the past, energy conservation work is a new field for hospital managers, including energy consumption statistics, reporting, data analysis, technical measures, etc. are all new topics, and the relevant staff have insufficient professional knowledge, and do not have enough understanding of relevant policies and laws and regulations for energy conservation.
3. How to effectively carry out energy conservation work.
In view of the above problems and difficulties, first of all, on the basis of raising awareness, a leading group for energy conservation and emission reduction in hospitals was established, an energy conservation and emission reduction office was set up, and relevant responsibilities were clarified, and the organizational structure and energy conservation and emission reduction goals were clarified. The energy-saving management system is shown in Figure 2
3.1. The leading group for energy conservation and emission reduction has the following responsibilities:
3.1.1. Implement the national guidelines and policies on energy conservation and emission reduction, and deploy the energy conservation and emission reduction work of hospitals.
3.1.2. Formulate a work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction, and coordinate and solve major problems encountered in energy conservation and emission reduction.
3.1.3. Assess the implementation and implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction.
3.2 The responsibilities of the Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Office are as follows:
3.2.1. Responsible for the organization and implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction, and the supervision and assessment of the completion of goals.
3.2.3. Responsible for drafting energy conservation and emission reduction work plans, researching and proposing specific measures and suggestions for energy conservation and emission reduction.
3.2.4. Investigate and report abnormal energy consumption in a timely manner.
3.2.5. Undertake the tasks assigned by the leading group.
3.3. Establish relevant rules and regulations.
The "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" energy-saving plan has been formulated, in which the energy-saving objectives, objects and measures have been clarified, and energy-saving measures and job objectives have been established for teams such as laundry, air conditioning, electrician maintenance, plumbing maintenance, and boiler rooms, and energy-saving training plans and job education have been formulated.
4. The specific development of energy-saving work.
According to the characteristics of our hospital, the energy conservation work is divided into three steps, namely behavioral energy saving, management energy saving and technical energy saving.
4.1. Behavioral energy saving.
4.1.1. Intensify efforts in publicity, advocate the idea of energy conservation and emission reduction, and benefit future generations. Strengthen the awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction, everyone is responsible, start from me, start from every little thing, post instructions at the faucet and lighting switch, so that the office people turn off the lights, turn off the office equipment (such as computers, etc.) that is not used for a long time, turn off the faucet, shorten the bath time, so that employees gradually develop a good habit of saving water and electricity.
4.1.2. Strictly control the temperature of office cooling and heating, and the temperature of air conditioning in summer is not lower than 26, and the temperature in winter is not higher than 20.
4.1.3. Promote green travel methods, and employees strictly abide by Beijing's regulations on driving one day less per week. Eliminate the unit's yellow label vehicles in a timely manner.
4.2 Manage energy saving.
4.2.1. Improve the operation and management of air conditioning, strengthen the maintenance of air conditioning system, adopt flexible operation mode, and operate in different regions and time periods according to different work properties and characteristics.
4.2.2. Strengthen the maintenance of heating and water supply systems, insist on inspection, control the phenomenon of running, rising, dripping and leakage all year round, replace corroded pipelines and valves in time, and do a good job in the insulation of pipelines.
4.2.3. The elevator is operated on different floors to reduce the energy consumption of the elevator.
4.2.4. Reasonable operation of the boiler, for domestic hot water and steam, step up the elimination of water pumps with low efficiency, replace the water boilers in the scientific research building and the old ward building, and change the steam water boiler into an electric water boiler.
4.2.5. Increase the procurement of energy-saving products, and purchase mechanical and electrical products in the national or Beijing energy-saving product catalog or energy-saving products.
4.2.6. Strict management of vehicles, regular maintenance of vehicles, so that the condition of the vehicles is kept in good condition.
4.3. Technology energy saving.
4.3.1. To do a good job in energy statistics, find out the energy consumption, and install energy sub-metering devices, we have installed 48 watt-hour meters in electrical equipment according to the system classification, and realized the network transmission function. 10 steam vortex flowmeters were installed to count the consumption of saturated steam, and 12 tap water meters were installed to understand the water consumption of boilers, air conditioners and other equipment. We have figured out the whereabouts of energy and mastered the energy consumption data, which has laid a good foundation for the development of energy conservation work.
4.3.2. According to the energy consumption, gradually adopt technical means to reduce energy consumption. Such as: replacement of energy-saving lighting fixtures; Under the condition of conditions, gradually install frequency conversion devices for air conditioning refrigeration pumps and cooling tower motors, or replace water pumps with measured pump efficiency; Ice cold storage or water cold storage is used to reduce the energy consumption of electricity peaks; Make full use of solar installations to supplement domestic hot water; Install a swipe card bathing device, etc.
4.3.3. Reasonably integrate the existing equipment resources of power supply, gas supply and cooling supply, select new energy-saving materials, new technologies and new processes during project construction, and fully consider the later operation and management costs.
5 Acrelems-MED Hospital Energy Management Platform.
5.1 Platform Overview.
Acrelems-MED hospital energy management platform fully combines industry norms such as "Code for Electrical Design of Medical Buildings", "Evaluation Standards for Green Hospital Buildings", "Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Energy Consumption Supervision System for Hospital Buildings" and other industry norms, according to the needs of hospital users and the requirements of the energy management department, collects and analyzes energy, energy consumption and energy efficiency data, monitors power quality, smart electricity consumption related indicators and other energy consumption indicators, and combines it with the national energy policy and energy consumption mode reform. It can assist the logistics management personnel of the hospital to carry out the operation and management of the energy system and equipment, help the hospital management to grasp the energy consumption of the hospital in real time, and provide a good technical platform for the construction of energy information and energy-saving management of the hospital.
5.2 platform composition.
Accuray Hospital Energy Management System establishes an integrated energy management system of "monitoring, control and maintenance" based on the cloud platform, which helps the hospital logistics management department to fully understand the energy operation of the hospital, pay attention to fire protection and electrical safety, timely warn of abnormal conditions, and improve operation and maintenance efficiency from the design of data collection, equipment control, data analysis, abnormal early warning, operation and maintenance dispatch, system architecture and comprehensive data services. It integrates 10kV O4KV substation power monitoring system, substation operation and maintenance cloud platform, power distribution room integrated monitoring system, energy consumption management system, intelligent lighting control system, smart fire platform, electrical fire monitoring system, fire equipment power monitoring system, fire door monitoring system, fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system, charging pile management system, power quality management solution, medical isolation power supply solution.
5.3. Platform topology diagram.
5.4. Platform subsystem.
5.4.1. Hospital power monitoring solution.
The power monitoring system realizes the functions of monitoring, measuring, recording and alarming transformers, diesel generators, circuit breakers and other important equipment, and communicates with protection equipment and remote control center and other equipment to grasp the operation status of the power supply system and possible hidden dangers in real time, quickly eliminate faults, and improve the reliability of power supply in hospitals.
The power monitoring system is mainly aimed at the opening and closing station and 10 0The 4kV substation is equipped with microcomputer protection devices and multi-functional instruments for the protection and monitoring of the high-voltage circuitThe 4KV outlet line is equipped with a multi-functional metering instrument for measuring and controlling the electrical parameters and energy consumption of the outlet circuit. At the same time, the status of important equipment in the hospital such as diesel generators, reactive power compensation devices, active filter devices, UPS, and isolated power supply systems is monitored.
5.4.2. Cloud platform solution for operation and maintenance of hospital substation.
The AcrelCloud-1000 power O&M cloud platform uses multi-functional power sensors, wireless communications, edge computing gateways, and big data analysis technologies to collect on-site data through intelligent gateways and store them locally, and then push data to the cloud platform on a regular basis. The data collected by the platform includes the electrical parameters of the substation circuit and the temperature of the transformer, the ambient temperature and humidity, the immersion, the smoke, the access control and other information, and the alarm signal is sent through SMS and APP within 10s of the abnormality. The platform issues O&M tasks to the staff's mobile phones through the mobile app, and tracks the O&M execution process through GPS for closed-loop operation, improving O&M efficiency, and finding and eliminating operational defects in real time.
5.4.3. Integrated monitoring system solution for hospital power distribution room.
ACREL-2000E power distribution room integrated monitoring system can realize switchgear operation monitoring, high-voltage switchgear live display, bus and cable temperature measurement monitoring, environmental temperature and humidity monitoring, harmful gas monitoring, security monitoring, and linkage control of lights, fans, dehumidifiers, air conditioning control and other equipment. Realize the detection and equipment control of various data in the power environment, optimize the power environment, avoid the operation failure of power distribution equipment caused by the loss of control of the operating environment, ensure the safety of maintenance personnel, prolong the service life of equipment, and realize the distributed remote management of power distribution power environment.
5.4.4. Hospital energy management system solution.
Real-time measurement of energy consumption data of various types of energy-consuming equipment in buildings, statistics and analysis of collected data. It can reasonably determine the economic indicators and performance appraisal indicators of building energy consumption in each department, find out the law of energy use and energy waste, and improve the awareness of personnel to actively save energy.
Build the basic framework of the hospital's smart energy management system to monitor each energy consumption link in real time;
Carbon emission data: The system can analyze the per capita energy consumption (including water, electricity, and energy) in the building unit, and realize the data of low-carbon office;
Regional energy efficiency ratio: realize the comparison of regional energy consumption within the building unit, and facilitate the assessment of energy consumption;
Energy efficiency ratio in the same period: Realize the comparison of energy consumption in the same year, the same period and the same region, which is convenient for energy-saving data analysis;
Energy consumption assessment and management: Analyze the energy consumption per unit area and per capita energy consumption index according to the energy consumption quota standard constraint value, standard value and guide value;
Energy Consumption Competition Ranking: Compare the energy consumption of each department to achieve energy consumption ranking and enhance the energy conservation awareness of the staff of the whole hospital;
The use of energy consumption data for comprehensive analysis, statistics, printing and query functions, and according to the needs of the energy consumption monitoring and management system, different styles of reports can be selected. Provide a reliable basis for energy consumption operation and management departments;
Energy consumption data collection, query at any time, and statistical analysis according to the collected data, monitor abnormal energy consumption, alarm the failure of energy intelligent meters, and improve the level of system informatization and automation.
5.4.5. Hospital intelligent lighting control system solutions.
The hospital is relatively dense, there are many departments, and the electricity consumption for lighting accounts for about 15% of the hospital's electrical energy consumption. Therefore, the rational use of lighting control system, in the case of improving the experience of doctors and patients, the use of natural light lighting to a large extent, through induction control to achieve people to turn on the lights, people to go off the lights or maintain the intensity of lighting, as far as possible to solve the lighting electricity.
The ASL1000 intelligent lighting control system can realize a variety of control methods such as scene control, time control, area control, illuminance sensing control and infrared sensing control, which can effectively avoid lighting waste in public areas and help hospitals manage lighting.
The modules of the system in the distribution box mainly include bus power supply, switching driver, IP gateway, coupler, dry contact input module, etc. The modules are mounted using a standard 35mm rail.
The modules installed in the control site mainly include illuminance sensors, infrared sensors and smart panels. Some people can set infrared induction to control the lights on, and the lights will be turned off within the set time after the person leaves, and the manual control equipment such as smart panels can realize the combination of automatic control, on-site control and remote control in the duty room.
5.4.6. Hospital smart fire platform solutions.
Based on modern information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing, the smart fire cloud platform connects scattered automatic fire alarm equipment, electrical fire monitoring equipment, smart smoke detectors, smart fire water and other equipment to form a network, and intelligently perceives, identifies and locates the status of these equipment, collects fire information in real time, and conducts data analysis, mining and trend analysis through the cloud platform to help achieve the goals of scientific early warning of fire, grid management, and implementation of multi-responsibility supervision. It realizes the unmanned on-duty smart fire protection, and realizes the "automation", "intelligence" and "systematization" needs of smart fire protection. From fire prevention, to fire alarm, to control linkage, operating in a unified system platform, users, security personnel, and supervision units can intuitively see the operation status of various fire-fighting equipment and sensors in each building through the platform, and can quickly notify the relevant personnel in the event of emergency and non-emergency situations such as hidden dangers and fires in a few seconds.
5.4.7. Hospital electrical fire monitoring system solutions.
As an early warning subsystem of the automatic fire alarm system, the electrical fire monitoring system is composed of an electrical fire monitoring host, an electrical fire monitoring unit, a residual current electrical fire detector and a temperature measuring electrical fire detector, and a complete set of monitoring system for preventing electrical fires is formed through the field bus, and the data can be integrated into the monitoring system of the enterprise control room.
The electrical fire monitoring system of the hospital is set up in the building, and the data is collected and uploaded to the monitoring host of the duty room to realize the early warning of building electrical safety. The sensors set up on site monitor the leakage current and cable temperature of the distribution system circuit, send out alarm signals in real time when abnormal, and pay attention to problems such as leakage or cable heating in outpatient buildings, inpatient buildings, medical technology buildings and other areas.
5.4.8. Solutions for power monitoring system for hospital fire-fighting equipment.
The main function of the fire equipment power monitoring system is to monitor whether the working power supply of the fire equipment is normal, and to ensure that the fire fighting equipment can be put into use normally in the event of a fire.
The power monitoring and monitoring system of fire-fighting equipment adopts two fire-fighting buses, and sets up a regional extension to collect the power supply status of fire-fighting equipment in the building, and the regional extension receives the voltage, current information and switching status information of multiple sensors through the two buses, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the power supply working status of fire-fighting equipment.
5.4.9. Hospital fire door monitoring system solution.
The number of hospital fire doors is relatively large, because there are often people walking around in some areas, the number of normally open and normally closed fire doors is a lot, the role of the fire door monitoring system is to monitor the opening and closing status of the fire door, and automatically close the normally open fire door after the fire to prevent smoke from spreading. The fire door monitoring system adopts the fire two bus to connect the monitoring modules with communication function to each other, which is used to monitor and control the state of the fire door, when the abnormal position signal of the fire door occurs, the fire door monitor can send out a fault alarm signal, indicate the fault alarm position and save the fault alarm information. In the event of a fire, close all normally open fire doors in the accident area to prevent smoke from spreading to the safe area.
5.4.10. Hospital fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system solutions.
Hospital personnel mobility is strong, density is high, fire protection is more complex, once a fire occurs, the evacuation indication system is very important. The fire emergency lighting and indication system can be linked with the fire alarm system to provide emergency lighting and evacuation path indication, guide the crowd to quickly find the evacuation exit, and can select the evacuation emergency plan with one click to improve the escape probability of personnel.
5.4.11. Hospital active harmonic control system solution.
They are all harmonic sources, such as X-ray machines, CT machines, etc., which will produce a large number of harmonics, which reduce the efficiency of the production, transmission and utilization of electrical energy, overheat the electrical equipment, produce vibration and noise, and make the insulation age, shorten the service life, and even fail or burn out. Harmonics can cause local parallel resonance or series resonance of the power system, which amplifies the harmonic content and causes capacitors and other equipment to burn out. Harmonics can also cause malfunctions of relay protection and automatics, causing confusion in energy metering. For the hospital's sophisticated laboratory equipment, it can be disruptive.
In order to eliminate the influence of harmonics in the distribution system on the hospital equipment, the scheme is equipped with an ANSINI active filter to filter out the 31st harmonic interference of the power grid 2.
ANSINI series active power filter device, connected to the power grid in parallel mode, through real-time detection of the harmonic and reactive components of the load, using PWM converter technology, from the converter to generate a reverse component corresponding to the current harmonic component and reactive power component and inject it into the power system in real time, so as to achieve harmonic control and reactive power compensation.
5.4.12 hospital charging pile system solutions.
There are electric cars and e-bikes in the hospital parking lot, both of which require charging stations. The charging pile management system collects and monitors the charging pile sites and each charging pile connected to the system through the Internet of Things technology, so as to solve the problem of charging pile use and monitoring of the property and electricity management departments. Electric bicycle charging can be done by coin-operated and code-scanning charging, and electric vehicles support IC card and code-scanning charging. The remote charging pile system can remotely complete the control instructions such as starting charging, forced stop, and unit price setting in real time, and the user can scan the app, WeChat, and Alipay applet to pay, and the system initiates a charging request to control the corresponding charging pile to complete the charging process of the electric vehicle. At the same time, a series of faults such as over-temperature protection of the charger, over-voltage of the input and output of the charger, under-voltage, insulation detection fault, etc., are given early warning; It can be controlled remotely, providing functions such as financial statements and data analysis.
5.4.13. Hospital Medical Isolation Power Supply Solution.
Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings 147.6.Article 3 clearly stipulates that after a sudden interruption of the power supply, the power supply method of ungrounded (IT system) shall be adopted for places with major medical hazards. At the same time, the "Technical Code for the Construction of Clean Operating Departments in Hospitals" GB50333-2002 stipulates that medical IT systems should be used in Class 2 medical places to maintain the lives of patients, surgical operations and other electrical devices located around patients. Such as: rescue room (outpatient operating room), operating room, cardiac monitoring room, catheter intervention room, vascular imaging examination room, etc.
The medical isolation power supply solution of Ankerui Electric Co., Ltd. is developed and designed for the power supply needs of medical places, which can well meet the requirements of power supply safety and reliability of various operating rooms and intensive care units, and meet relevant national standards.
5.5. Hardware selection list for deployment of relevant platforms.
5.5.1. Hardware configuration of power monitoring system.
5.5.2. Hardware configuration of the substation operation and maintenance cloud platform.
5.5.3. Hardware configuration scheme of integrated monitoring system of electric room.
5.5.4. Hardware configuration scheme of energy consumption management system.
5.5.5. Hardware configuration scheme of intelligent lighting control system.
5.5.6. Hardware configuration scheme of smart fire protection platform.
5.5.7. Hardware configuration scheme of electrical fire monitoring system.
5.5.8. Hardware configuration scheme of power monitoring system for fire-fighting equipment.
5.5.9. Hardware configuration scheme of fire door monitoring system.
5.5.10. Hardware configuration scheme of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system.
5.5.11. Hardware configuration scheme of active harmonic control system.
5.5.12. Hardware configuration scheme of charging pile operation charging platform.
5.5.13. Hardware configuration scheme of medical isolation power supply solution.
6 Concluding remarks.
After the above gradual exploration experience and according to the plan to carry out the energy-saving work, in the past four years, the energy-saving work has made great progress, the energy consumption per unit of output value has decreased year by year, and has achieved very gratifying results. Based on the energy consumption data in 2005, the energy consumption decline and energy saving rate from 2006 to 2009 are as follows:
The future development of the hospital must be the transformation of the business model and management mode from extensive to intensive, which should reflect the continuous innovation of new ideas for energy-saving management, strengthen the awareness of employees of energy-saving, and take effective measures to reduce energy consumption. Carry out extensive energy-saving communication work, be able to grasp energy-saving information and be familiar with various policies and regulations at any time, actively carry out contract energy management when conditions permit, and strive to achieve departmental energy accounting. Energy conservation and emission reduction work is not only a specific measure to improve the energy efficiency of hospitals, reduce service costs, and enhance the competitiveness of hospitals, but also an effective way to implement the scientific concept of development and achieve sound and rapid development of health undertakings.