said: "Among my comrades-in-arms, there is one person who is the best at leading troops to fight, this person is called Su Yu, and he commanded the Huaihai Campaign. ”
Data map: ** and Su YuText |HexiToday marks the 40 th anniversary of the death of Comrade Su Yu, an outstanding military strategist and the first general of the Republic.
Su Yu is known as the "God of War", he was the one who changed the situation of the War of Liberation and made great contributions to the establishment of New China. ** Comrades also appreciated Su Yu's military talents. In 1961, he met with Marshal Montgomery of the United Kingdom. Montgomery praised *** as a clever military strategist, using soldiers like a god, especially the Huaihai Battle is incredible.
said: "Among my comrades-in-arms, there is one person who is the best at leading troops to fight, this person is called Su Yu, and he commanded the Huaihai Campaign. ”
According to statistics, in the nearly four years of the War of Liberation, our army carried out a total of 134 relatively important battles, and 38 times of destroying more than 30,000 enemies in each battle, of which 12 were commanded by Su Yu; More than 50,000 enemies were destroyed 23 times in each battle, of which Su Yu commanded 8 times.
From the Soviet-Chinese Campaign of seven battles and seven victories, to the Menglianggu Campaign, the total annihilation of the Kuomintang ace 74th Division, and then to the Huaihai Campaign, with 600,000 defeats over 800,000, laying the victory of the Liberation War, Su Yu's name shocked the world.
Su Yu (left) with **
Su Yu did not show his amazing military talent from the beginning. On August 1, 1927, he participated in the famous Nanchang Uprising, when he was only the head of the guard squad of the general headquarters of the rebel army.
In 1928, he went to Jinggangshan and fought under the command of ***. Due to his repeated military exploits, Su Yu was successively promoted to battalion commander, regiment commander, division commander, chief of staff of the Red Fourth Army, chief of staff of the Red Eleventh Army, and chief of staff of the Red Seventh Army.
In 1934, according to the order of the ** Revolutionary Military Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Red Army's northward anti-Japanese advance team was combined with the Red Tenth Army led by Fang Zhimin and local armed forces to form the Tenth Army of the Red Army. After the failure of the anti-Japanese advance force in the north, Fang Zhimin was captured and died, while Su Yu stayed in the south, so he did not participate in the Long March, and persisted in the extremely difficult guerrilla war in the south for three years.
Su Yu said in "Reminiscences of the Three Years of Guerrilla War in Southern Zhejiang" that during the entire three years of guerrilla warfare, their situation was very difficult
Sometimes we run all day and all night, and we have to fight a few battles in between, and sometimes we don't get any rest for days and nights, and we get exhausted. I remember one time, we walked for three days and three nights, and finally arrived at a secret guerrilla base near Jinhua, and under the cover of the revolutionary masses, I slept for almost 40 hours.
It's even harder to deal with the wounded. At that time, we did not have many health personnel, there was a shortage of medicines, and if we had seriously injured people, we had to live in people's homes. Since the enemy engaged in the migration and merging of villages, it has become even more difficult, because it is impossible to carry the wounded to march and fight and send them to the people's homes, and they are afraid that the enemy will affect the masses when searching, and it is not safe to hide in the caves, because the caves are the key targets of the enemy's searches. What to do? There was no other way but to "borrow a house" from the dead, open the coffin, move out the bones inside, put hay on the mat, and put the wounded in to temporarily hide and recuperate.
In such a difficult and difficult guerrilla battle, Su Yu grew up rapidly. After the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in 1937, Su Yu served as the deputy commander and later the acting commander of the second detachment of the New Fourth Army. After the Southern Anhui Incident, he served as the commander of the First Division of the New Fourth Army (later concurrently the political commissar), and the commander and political commissar of the Soviet-Chinese Military Region. On August 13, he commanded the Soviet and Chinese soldiers and civilians to counterattack the retaliatory "sweep" of the Japanese puppet army, fighting for 42 days and nights, more than 130 times, and annihilating more than 1,300 Japanese troops. From mid-August, Su Yu led and commanded the eight-month battle for key points, "Seven Guarantees and Three Warehouses" and "Five Guarantees Fengli" (more than 800 Japanese soldiers were killed and wounded, and more puppet troops were killed). On December 26, in Shizhuang, Rudong County, where the headquarters of the First Division of the New Fourth Army is located, Su Yu and Chu Qing became lifelong partners.
Su Yu and his wife Chu Qing
In the central Soviet region, Su Yu commanded the New Fourth Army to be ghostly, causing the Japanese puppet army to cry wolf and howl, showing the prestige of the New Fourth Army and greatly increasing the Chinese's ambition. By the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Su Yu's New Fourth Army had connected the liberated areas of Central China and Shandong, and had prepared favorable conditions for fighting on the inner front to meet the offensive of the Kuomintang army.
After Chiang Kai-shek launched a full-scale civil war in June 1946, in July, the Kuomintang concentrated 500,000 regular troops and launched an attack on the Central China Field Army in the liberated area of East China. Su Yu and ** commanded more than 30,000 people from 19 regiments of the Central China Field Army to meet the attack. The operation was divided into two stages, lasted 45 days, and annihilated 6 brigades and 5 traffic police brigades of the Kuomintang Army for a total of 5With 30,000 men (two-fifths of the strength of the Kuomintang army), the initial experience of annihilating the Kuomintang army with US weapons and equipment on the inner line was one of the major victories achieved by the People's Liberation Army in the early stage of the Liberation War.
In January 1947, Su Yu led the East China Field Army to launch the Subei Campaign, the Lunan Campaign, the Laiwu Campaign, the Taimeng Campaign, the Menglianggu Campaign, etc., and annihilated a total of 7 armies (integrated divisions) and 1 fast column of the Kuomintang. In particular, the Battle of Menglianggu shattered the myth of the invincibility of the Kuomintang's ace division.
Su Yu (center) in the Battle of Menglianggu
In May 1948, Su Yu was appointed commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army, and after his resignation, he became acting commander and acting political commissar. On November 6, 1948, Su Yu led the East China Field Army to launch the Huaihai Campaign. In "Su Yu's Military Memoirs", Su Yu wrote:
Before the Battle of Jinan, I was thinking about the direction of action after the capture of Jinan. At that time, the task assigned to us by the Central Military Commission to annihilate and reorganize the Fifth Army had not yet been completed, and I expected to annihilate this army in the course of attacking and bringing reinforcements, and then cross the river in accordance with the instructions of the Central Military Commission. I also thought about it repeatedly, thinking that after the Battle of Jinan, it would be appropriate for the troops to go east of the Xubang line.
Because if the Hui Division joins Nakano and seeks to fight southwest of Xuzhou, our army will be between the Wuhan group and the Xuzhou group of Chiang's army, and the battle will be decisive with the superior enemy at the beginning. If the troops go out to the east of the Xubang line and capture the two Huai (i.e., Huaiyin, Huai'an), Gaoyou, and Baoying, the Jinpu line can be exposed. And force the enemy to retreat (or at least strengthen) along the Jinpu line and the riverside, so as to reduce his mobile forces, so that we can resume the work along the river, create favorable conditions for crossing the river in the future, and also facilitate the whole army of Huaye to get greater support from central China in terms of manpower and material resources and the convenience of transporting vehicles when the whole army of Huaye enters the south of the Longhai Road in the future.
It was precisely because of this consideration that the Jinan Campaign had not yet ended, and on the morning of 24 September, Su Yu reported his consideration to the Central Military Commission for instructions, and named the next battle the "Huaihai Campaign." Su Yushi was the first person to propose the "Huaihai Campaign". The next day, in the sound of congratulations in Jinan, he received a reply from the Military Commission;
We believe that it is very necessary to hold the Huaihai Campaign. ”
**, also called in favor of holding the Huaihai Campaign. The Huaihai Campaign thus began.
Su Yu at the command post of the Eastern Henan Campaign
In the entire Huaihai Campaign, Su Yu strategized and commanded, cooperated with **, and other comrades tacitly to annihilate more than 440,000 Kuomintang troops in one fell swoop. It can be said that before the Huaihai Campaign, the situation between the enemy and us was complicated. Although the victory in the Liaoshen Campaign had been achieved, the main force of the Kuomintang army still existed, and it still had a military advantage over the PLA, and there was still the possibility of turning defeat into victory through this decisive battle.
The victory or defeat of the Huaihai Campaign is like the winner and loser on the Go chessboard, the victory will be established in one fell swoop, and the defeat will enter a tug-of-war, and the decisive victory of the Chinese revolution will probably have to be postponed for several years. Once the Korean War breaks out, I am afraid that not only the Taiwan issue will become a difficult problem, but also the situation in Chinese mainland will become an unsolved case. Therefore, the Huaihai Campaign was a major event related to the victory of the Chinese revolution, and it cannot be overemphasized.
The Huaihai Campaign changed all this and completely changed the situation and situation of the Chinese revolution. Comrade Su Yu made great contributions, and in 1955, he was awarded the rank of general, ranking first. Moreover, because the rank of senior general was conferred earlier than that of marshal, Su Yu became the first person to be awarded the title among all the generals of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
Awarded the title of General Su Yu
According to the recollections of Li Yinqiao, the chief of the guard, in 1955 in the Yi Nian Hall, a meeting was held to discuss the issue of Su Yu's military rank. The chairman's opinion at that time was: "* On history, talent, and morality, Su Yu can receive the rank of marshal." The prime minister responded: "Comrade Su Yu has asked to resign. The chairman sighed: "It's rare Su Yu! Great! He resigned three times. ”
The chairman said "three resignations", referring to the fact that he gave up the commander of the Central China Military Region in 1945, the commander of the East China Field Army in 1948, and now the rank of marshal!
It was such a humble general who, at the enlarged meeting of the Military Commission in 1958, was unfairly criticized, he was removed from the post of chief of the General Staff and labeled "individualist". It was only after his death that his problems were completely rehabilitated in 1994.
But Su Yu was not shocked by this, he never complained about the grievances he had suffered, and devoted himself to the work of the Academy of Military Sciences.
In 1972, Marshal ** died. At the memorial service, people were surprised to see *** come to the memorial service site, because people had not been notified that *** would come. As an old comrade-in-arms, Su Yu came to the memorial service early, saw Su Yu, and shook hands with him tightly. So I left the title picture, a precious **.
In 1975, Su Yu served as a member of the Standing Committee of the ** Military Commission and re-entered the leadership of the ** Military Commission. But in the years before his death, Su Yu's physical condition had been poor, and he had been hospitalized for a long time**, and his body was no longer capable of high-intensity work.
Su Yu was wounded 6 times in his life, including two head wounds in the battles of Wuping and Shuinan; In the battle with the enemy in saltpeter and in the transfer of Sui'an to Anhui and Jiangxi in western Zhejiang, he was wounded twice in the arm; When he captured Ningdu in 1929, he was wounded in the hip; In 1936, during a guerrilla war in Yunhe, he was wounded in the ankle.
After his death on February 5, 1984, his family found three pieces of shrapnel from the ashes of his cremated skull. The three pieces of shrapnel that remained in his skull were left behind during the Shuinan operation. These shrapnel bothered Su Yu for a long time, and Su Yu was originally the first choice in the Korean War, but because these shrapnel made Su Yu have an unbearable headache, he had to resign from the appointment of **.
After Su Yu's death, shrapnel was found in his body
In February 1984, before Su Yu died, he told his wife Chu Qing that his funeral was simple, and the ashes were scattered in the place where he had fought, so his wife Chu Qing took the ashes to the place where Su Yu fought, and scattered some Su Yu's ashes in each place to indicate that he was with those soldiers who sacrificed.
Su Yu's life, with clean sleeves, dedicated everything he had to the cause of China's revolution. His high style and bright festival is a model for us to learn! It has been 40 years since Comrade Su Yu left us, and his fame is still loud among military fans, but for ordinary people, he seems to have gradually moved away from our sight. When Su Yu was mentioned, he gradually became a vague symbolic name, and what exactly he had done became more and more obscure.
Today, in remembering Su Yu, his military thinking is only one aspect, and it is more important to learn from his humble and simple demeanor and firm belief in upholding the truth.
This is the noble character of a living person, and Comrade Su Yu will always live in the hearts of the people!