Three families across the sea"It is Pu Xinshe, Zhang Daqian, and Huang Junbi, they are all famous painters in the ** period, and after the founding of New China, they have moved to Taiwan across the strait through different ways.
Among these three painters, Pu Xinshe can be called the first in painting, calligraphy skills and poetic style. His original name was Aixin Jueluo Puru, the word Zhongheng, and later changed to Xinshe, and he called himself Emperor Xi and Xishan Yishi.
His landscape paintings are known for their thick, steep and majestic style of Beizong peaks, and he is known as the leader of the northern painting world, and is known as the "Southern Wu and Beipu" together with Wu Hufan, the leader of the Shanghai School of painting.
The royal nobles Pu Xinshe: from birth has attracted much attention, 5 months old was given a head to wear, 3 years old into the palace was praised by Emperor Guangxu, known as the emperor prodigy. At the same time as studying in Prince Gong's mansion, he also accepted it in Ouchi"Piano, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, hop aesthetics"of nurturing.
However, in 1908, Emperor Guangxu died of illness and Emperor Xuantong ascended the throne, although Pu Xinshe was not chosen, his life became more colorful.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Master Hongyi lived in seclusion in the mountains of Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and practiced Zen Buddhism behind closed doors. Around 1915, he began to study. In his early years, Master Hongyi studied under many calligraphers, and he pondered day and night.
The first study of European style, after the study of Yan style, and then began to learn the official book, the line of calligraphy", no teacher, calligraphy attainments. When Yu Yu also lived in Quanzhou, Fujian, and Master Hongyi was a neighbor, so he passed day and night and became Mo Rebellion.
Master Hongyi's regular script is like a European body and participates in the "Zhang Menglong Tablet", which is admired by Yu Ren, so every famous work of the Qingtian White Day Museum, the inscription is written by Master Hongyi. And Master Hongyi often asks Yu Youren to cooperate.
Therefore, the name of "South in North Hong" began to spread. In 1917, the 22-year-old Master Hongyi married Li Hongzhang's daughter Li Chunxian. The couple's shared love of calligraphy has brought them a lot of fun to their long years of practice in the mountains.
In the spring of 1925, Pu Xinshe held a solo exhibition in the Water Pavilion of Zhongshan Park in Beijing, with rich works and a wide range of themes, so she became famous and praised for"The shot is amazing, like Marsha"。
In the same year, he participated in the founding of Pu Ling"Pine Wind Painting Society"Most of the members of the painting club are royal nobles, and Pu Xinshe calls herself Songchaoke, and is among them, thus officially stepping into the Beijing painting scene.
In 1928, he was invited to teach at Kyoto Imperial University in Japan. After returning to China, he and his wife Luo Qingyuan held their first husband and wife painting exhibition in the Water Pavilion of Zhongshan Park in Beijing, which once again caused a sensation in the art world and was praised"The first person in the landscape of Beizong"。
From these experiences, we can see Pu Xinshe's persistent pursuit of art and his profound cultural heritage.
Green Landscape": After the 918 Incident, Pu Yi, who became the puppet emperor, attracted much attention, and the Pu brothers flocked to it. However, Pu Xinshe refused to be a hypocrisy, and reprimanded Pu Yi with a signed article "Ministers", saying that he "did not establish nine temples, did not continue the sect, sacrificed to his ghosts, and worshipped his Shuo", and then angrily scolded this cousin for "being a concubine and a different family, for ghosts and other clans".
Despite this, Pu Xinshe still insisted on her position, and in 1933 she painted "Snow Cover on Cold Rocks", which participated in the Sino-German Art Exhibition in Berlin and won an award. In the spring of the same year, he also collaborated with Zhang Daqian on "Panasonic Gaoshitu".
In the autumn, he was recommended by Huang Guo to be a professor of Chinese painting at the National Beiping Art School.
On the fourth anniversary of the founding of the puppet state of Manchukuo in 1936, Pu Xinshe was under pressure for refusing to paint for the puppet regime. The Japanese traitor Wang Yitang asked him to paint many times, but he resolutely refused to add wings to the tiger.
The chief of staff of the Japanese Kwantung Army Headquarters came with a heavy amount of money to demand, but when Fu Ru held an exhibition in Beijing, he explicitly refused. In the face of many pressures and threats, Fu Ru took the risk and insisted on returning Runjin, maintaining his artistic dignity and personal independence.
He believes that painting for the puppet regime is to tarnish the sanctity of Chinese painting and betray the country and the nation. His behavior demonstrates the artist's patriotic feelings and persistent pursuit of justice, which is worthy of our eternal memory and admiration.
In 1939, in order to oppose the Japanese invaders in the puppet regime, Pu Ru resolutely refused to enter the city and refused to go to work. This kind of steadfast integrity is deeply admirable.
After the war, at the invitation of Zhang Daofan, he arrived in Nanjing with Qi Baishi and others, and held a joint exhibition of Pu Ru and Qi Baishi. In 1946, he was recommended as a Manchu"Representative of the National Congress", and organize"Manchu Cultural Association"。
In November of the same year, he also attended"Constituent National Convention"。
originally thought that Pu Xinji and Luo Qingyuan, the couple in the painting world, would spend their lives together, but Pu Xinji later became obsessed with his mind and took another concubine Li Moyun, which led to a tragedy.
Li Moyun's original name was Que Ping, who was born poor, and was later bought by Mrs. Xiang for 100 silver dollars to make a ring. Her name means peacock opening, and her beauty and charm also make it difficult for the royal nobles to extricate themselves.
The story of the dove occupying the magpie's nest made Mrs. Luo helpless, and also made Second Master Pu fall into a rippling spring.
A maid named Que Ping, because she was pampered, began to be a little proud and complacent, which caused dissatisfaction among the people in the house. Mrs. Xiang saw it in her eyes and decided to let her go.
However, this young master named Pu Er was infatuated with her and often went to her quietly. This made Mrs. Xiang lose face, and she had to summon Que Ping back, and gave her an elegant name - Mo Yun.
Although the Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937 and Mrs. Xiang also died, Li Moyun did not give up managing the family because of the pressure of life. With her budget-conscious skills, she gradually took control of the family's financial power, and successfully received a large number of orders, urging her husband Pu Xinji to paint a lot.
However, her behavior caused the dissatisfaction of his wife, Luo Qingyuan, who had been depressed for a long time, and finally died in July 1947 because of two strokes in anger.
Although Li Moyun has gained power in her family, her actions have brought irreparable damage to her family.
Beihai Park IV: On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. Pu Xinji wrote back to thank the mayor for inviting him back to Beijing, while plotting to escape from the mainland.
On October 18, 1949, Pu Xinji and Li Moyun went straight from Hangzhou to Shanghai, risked a fishing boat through Wusongkou to the Zhoushan Islands (still occupied by Chiang Kai-shek's troops at the time), and then traveled from Zhoushan to Taiwan.
After arriving in Taiwan, he lived in the Kai Ge Gui Guest House, selling literature and paintings to make a living. Later, he was invited by National Taiwan Normal University to teach in the art department of the same university.
He politely declined the Taiwan authorities' proposal to appoint him as a member of the examination committee, and rejected Taiwan's first lady Soong Meiling's invitation to study under a teacher on the grounds of guilt for the ancestors of the former Qing Dynasty.
New copywriting: After Taiwan's administrative center traveled south to Taiwan, Pu Xinji's life changed dramatically. His time and energy were tightly controlled by Li Moyun, and he could hardly act freely.
In addition to teaching calligraphy and painting at Taiwan Normal University, he also runs private classes in his home and even lectures in Asian countries. However, in order to control his economy, Li Moyun mastered all his seals for calligraphy and painting, and required that all his works must pass through her seal, and she collected the runjin.
In addition, Pu Xinji has a great addiction to smoking, but Li Moyun only provides him with low-quality cigarettes. What chilled Pu Xinji the most was Li Moyun's behavior and attitude. Not only is she greedy for money, but she also goes out of the wall in front of her husband and has a hot fight with their student Zhang Zongyao.
Zhang Zongyao met Li Moyun in Hangzhou in 1947, and when he smuggled into Taiwan in 1949, Zhang Zongyao also traveled with Pu Xinji's family, claiming to be his agent.
At that time, Pu Xinji's students also lived in his apartment, witnessed the private affairs of Li Moyun and Zhang Zongyao, and felt very sad for their teachers.
Pu Xinji, who is over 50 years old, has long been aware of the trivial matters of life, and he realizes that this matter has become a topic of conversation for others, but he chooses to remain silent and rarely show it on his face. As an old scholar who is accustomed to "opening his mouth for food and stretching out his hands for clothes", he basically has no ability to take care of himself in life, and everything is firmly controlled by Li Moyun.
Perhaps, this generation of kings and grandsons who have seen the heat and coldness of the world has chosen to accept their fate. In his later years, Pu Xinji painted and wrote cross-legged every day, turning the joys and sorrows of life into wind and rain at the bottom of the pen.
However, after crossing south to Taiwan, depression, hopelessness, despair, and depression caused great damage to his body and mind. On November 18, 1963, Pu Xinji died of nasopharyngeal cancer in Taiwan at the age of 68.
At his funeral, Zhang Daqian specially went to Yangmingshan Cemetery to pay respects to his old friends, in order to reflect the friendship of the "South Zhang and North Pu" painting circles for half a century.
"Guanmei Siyou Picture" is Pu Xinshe's representative work, and he has incorporated rich artistic characteristics into this painting. His painting style is independent and special, without a teacher, relying on his own speculation and understanding.
Coming from a royal family, he had access to many treasures that he drew inspiration from. He once collected a landscape handscroll from the early Ming Dynasty, with an elegant style and full of charm, and was deeply influenced by the family law of the Northern Sect.
Therefore, his landscape paintings have both the ancient atmosphere of Liu Li and Ma Xia of the Song Dynasty and the modern style of Tang Yin of the Ming Dynasty. His pen is very vigorous, like an iron hook, showing the strong characteristics of the Northern Sect's family law.
At the same time, his painting style also has a delicate atmosphere, without the slightest vulgarity. Therefore, he is known as one of the purest literati painters in modern times.
Pu Xinshe's painting "Fishing in Autumn Water" shows the supreme realm of ordinary life after glory and wealth because of its special identity, and the picture creates an otherworldly atmosphere, which is admirable.
Wang Pijiang, a master of Chinese culture, spoke highly of Pu Xinshe in "Notes on the Poetry Circle since Guangxuan", saying that he was a representative of the Qing Dynasty royal family in the past 30 years who was famous for his poetry and painting.
Zhang Daqian, a contemporary Chinese painter, believes that only Pu Xinshe, Wu Hufan and Xie Zhiliu are up to the task, while Qi Gong, a famous calligrapher, painter and cultural relics appraiser, believes that Pu Xinshe's painting attainments are entirely due to his talent, far surpassing other painters.
Xie Zhiliu even called Pu Xinshe the only one who had three unique poems, calligraphy and paintings after Wang Wei, Su Dongpo, Wen Zhengming, and Zheng Banqiao.
Tang Hangan's "Illuminating the Night White" was once in Pu Xinshe's old collection, and is now treasured at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA.