To study the abundance, variation and geological significance of hydrogen isotopes in natural substances. There are two stable isotopes 1H and 2H(D) in natural hydrogen, which have an abundance of 99., respectively985 and 0015％。The isotopic composition of hydrogen is expressed by ΔD, and ΔSMOW (see Stable Isotope Geochemistry) is the D standard. A natural substance within a natural substance. The distribution of δd values is shown in the figure. As you can see from the figure, atmospheric water (rain) in the earth's material. The delta d varies the most, from -500. ～+50‰；And the lunar material δd varies widely, from -917. ～+303‰。The range of variations in δd is large, mainly because the relative mass difference between 1h and 2h is the largest, at 100. and, therefore, isotope fractionation is more pronounced.
Hydrogen is only found in some aqueous minerals among natural minerals such as mica, amphibole, etc. Hydrogen is widely distributed in the hydrosphere and biosphere, even reaching the depths of the curtain. Studies have shown that the temperature is 40000. 800 The following water-bearing minerals d in descending order are: muscovite, phlogopite, amphibole, biotite. According to experiments and calculations, Al-OH (hydroxyl) bond minerals are significantly rich in D, while Mg-OH bond minerals contain less D than Al-OH bond minerals66. , Fe-D has a 7000 lower OH bond mineral content than Al-D. That is, the fractionation of hydrogen isotopes between hydroxyl (OH) minerals in Al, a function of Mg, Fe content. The rate of hydrogen isotope exchange between some water-bearing minerals and water increases in the following order: mother dolomius amphibole biotite diaspore zoisite epidote diasporite. 100 microns if the clay mineral particles are smaller than 44 microns. Montmorillonite has an exchange velocity of 300 at 200 higher than illite and kaolinite. 5 times. When the temperature is below 100, the exchange rate of hydrogen isotopes in clay minerals and water is so low that it is even difficult to perform simulation tests. This indicates that the fractionation of hydrogen isotopes is influenced by factors such as mineral composition, structure, particle size, etc.
Hydrogen isotopes are often combined with oxygen isotope data in geological applications to determine the cause of the epithermal fluid and the deposit, providing important information. The application of hydrogen isotopes in geological temperature measurement is being explored.