1. Refined oil tank farm and storage tank
1.1. The flash point range of the key parts of safety supervision is relatively wide, generally between 20 and 100, and the freezing point is also high. Light refined oil is flammable and explosive due to its low flash pointThe freezing point of heavy refined oil is high, and when heating, some oils can also produce sudden boiling due to the presence of water, and heat wave phenomena will also occur during combustion, so there are many risk factors in the storage process of refined oil. Tank farms and storage tanks are centralized storage areas and are key parts of the enterprise. In terms of facilities and equipment, buildings and structures, and ordinary management, we should give full consideration to these characteristics, and strengthen maintenance, inspection, and supervision.
1.1.1. Flooring If the oil seeps and runs the oil, it cannot be **, and pollutes the water source and farmland. The spread of the igniting oil can endanger adjacent facilities. Dead grass is the medium of fire, which increases the intensity of the fire and makes it more difficult to extinguish. Deeper pits are easy to accumulate oil and gas, forming the most dangerous concentrations.
1.1.2. When the water sealing well and drainage sluice device loses its function and does not work, it is difficult to run and run the oil. The oil that caught fire flowed out through the water-sealed wells and drainage gates, expanding the scope of the disaster. There have been many such accidents with serious losses.
1.1.3. Fire road road damage, uneven potholes, blockage, bridge and culvert fracture and collapse, etc., will affect the passage of fire trucks and delay fighters.
1.1.4. Fire embankment Fire embankment and partition embankment are effective facilities to prevent the overflow of ignition oil, reduce the scope of disaster and run and emit oil. Collapses, holes and cracks, and dead grass that are not removed in a timely manner pose a threat to safety.
1.1.5. Serious sinking of the oil tank foundation, especially uneven sinking, will directly endanger the stability of the tank and tear the bottom plate and wall plate.
1.1.6. Excessive deformation of the tank body affects the strength, corrosion and even perforation, cracking of welds, tilting of floating plates, sealing damage and other factors are major hidden dangers in safety production. The storage tank is the key equipment of the storage and transportation system, and it is also an accident-prone part, which is not allowed to be taken lightly.
1.1.7. Storage tank accessories The safety function of the storage tank, in addition to the tank itself, the accessories are the key. For example, the breathing valve fails, the safety valve is injected or condensed, the flame arrester is not effective, the water drain or sewage hole is frozen, the heating coil is leaking, the tank wall connection is not tight, and the oil expansion pipe is not well managed, etc., which will bring serious danger to the safe storage of oil products, and even catch fire.
1.1.8. The anti-corrosion and thermal insulation layer of the storage tank is partially damaged, and the corrosion in some places is intensified, resulting in the first perforation and oil running;or crack formation, at low temperature, instability expansion will produce cold brittleness. The insulation layer is damaged, and the thermal insulation effect is lost, which increases the heat energy consumptionIt is easy to enter water at the damaged place, which accelerates the dissolution, chalking and aging of the insulation material.
1.1.9 lightning protection and grounding lightning protection and grounding need to be checked often is mainly the flasher, down wire and grounding device, such as the occurrence of fracture and loosening, affecting the lightning path, or the increase of soil resistance, affecting the lightning current dissipation, it may be in the thunderstorm season, suffer from lightning strikes, causing fire accidents.
Attention must be paid to the destructive effects of electrostatic induction and electromagnetic induction of lightning, which can generate thousands of kV potentials and currents of more than 10 kA due to the main discharge of lightning clouds on nearby buildings, which is the source of sparks. The reinforced concrete inner steel bars of the tank farm pipelines and the roof of the building will also generate high potential due to electromagnetic induction, so the grounding of the storage tank is very important.
1.1.10. Safety monitoring facilities Due to the sensing elements, safety monitoring, especially the automatic monitoring facilities, the actuators and the related equipment itself and the installation reasons, the accuracy does not meet the requirements, the explosion-proof level is not enough, the action fails, can not play a reliable monitoring role, and even "help", there have been many times high liquid level without alarm and the accident of running oil on the top.
1.2. Key points of safety supervision
1.2.1 floor.
1.2.1.1. The floor of the tank farm should be kept not less than 001 slope, slope to the drainage gate or water seal well.
1.2.1.2. There should be no cracks and pits in the paved and rammed site, the cracks should be filled, and the settlement joints should be filled and smoothed with asbestos cement to prevent water seepage, oil seepage and oil and gas accumulation.
1.2.1.3. For unpaved sites, tall trees and broad-leaved grasses should be uprooted regularly, and dry grasses and dry leaves should be removed in time.
1.2.1.4. Combustible materials are not allowed to be stacked in the field.
1.2.2. Water sealed wells and drainage gates.
1.2.2.1. The floor drainage department of the tank farm builds a water-sealed well outside the fire embankment to store the oil running, leaking and preventing the spread of ignition oil.
1.2.2.2. The water seal well should not be seepage or leaky, and the water seal layer should not be less than 025m, the sedimentation layer should not be less than 025m。Frequently check the liquid level of the water seal well, find out the cause of the oil slick, and pump it out in time.
1.2.2.3. The drainage gate should be intact and reliable, and each shift should be managed by a designated person, opened when it rains, closed at ordinary times, and included in the content of the handover.
1.2.2.4. The water sealing wells and drainage gates of oil depots in cold areas should have anti-freezing measures.
1.2.3 fire roads.
1.2.3.1. The road surface and shoulder must be kept intact and unobstructed at all times. The temporary occupation of fire roads should be strictly examined and given up within a time limit.
1.2.3.2. On the side of the storage tank, conifers and tall trees shall not be planted. When planting other tree species, plant spacing and location should take into account fire suppression and cooling requirements.
1.2.3.3. Regularly inspect road side ditches and bridges and culverts to remove accumulated dust and debris.
1.2.4 fire embankments.
1.2.4.1. Inspect once a week, and repair and remove cracks, collapses, and dead grass in a timely manner.
1.2.4.2. The reserved hole at the pipe crossing place on the embankment should be sealed with non-combustible materials, and the seal should be checked frequently to see if it is intact.
1.2.4.3. It is required that the drainage hole is not blocked, there is no leakage after closing, and the bricks are found to be cracked, and they should be repaired in time.
1.2.5 tank foundation.
1.2.5.1. Inspect the uniform settlement, uneven settlement, total settlement and cone slope of the tank foundation once a year.
Requirements:12.5.1.1. After the foundation is stabilized (generally 5 years), the uniform sinking amount does not exceed 10mm per year.
1.2.5.1.2. Uneven subsidence: when the two adjacent points (6m apart) are not filled with oil, the deviation is not more than 20mm;When filled with oil, the deviation is not more than 40mm.
When any two points are not filled with oil, the deviation is not more than 50mm, and when full of oil, the deviation is not more than 80mm.
The allowable deviation value of the floating roof tank and the inner floating roof tank is halved.
For tanks that have been used for more than 20 years, the allowable deviation value can be increased by 50% (the deviation value will not continue to rise).
1.2.5.1.3. The slope of the cone surface is not less than 0008。
1.2.5.1.4. The edge of the foundation is 300mm higher than the floor of the tank farm.
1.2.5.2. The slope protection is complete. When the slope protection stone is loose and cracks appear, the grouting should be fixed in time.
1.2.5.3. Always check whether there is oil seepage in the seepage pipe under the sand cushion, and once found, measures should be taken immediately to clear the tank for repair.
1.2.6 tanks.
1.2.6.1 can bottom.
1.2.6.1.1. When the storage tank is regularly cleaned, the residual thickness of the storage tank floor is measured once with the wave of probe or ultrasonic, and the minimum residual thickness after allowable corrosion is:
The original thickness of 4mm is 25mm。
The original thickness of 4mm is 30mm。
1.2.6.1.2. Convex and concave deformation, which must be greater than 0 of the deformation length02. The maximum should not be greater than 50mm.
1.2.6.1.3. Do not plug the leakage with resin plugging and lead wire twisting for a long time, and the cracks, sand holes, pinholes and other defects found must be cleared and repaired within a time limit.
1.2.6.2 tank walls.
1.2.6.2.1. When the storage tank is regularly cleaned, use a probe or ultrasonic thickness gauge to check the corrosion residual thickness of the tank wall, which shall not be lower than the allowable value specified in the "Petroleum Depot Equipment Maintenance Regulations" and "Petroleum Depot Equipment Integrity Standards", and should be repaired and replaced when exceeded.
1.2.6.2.2. When the local corrosion of the wall plate is serious, when the minimum allowable value is exceeded, the new plate should be replaced or reinforcement measures should be taken.
1.2.6.2.3. When the storage tank used for more than 20 years is close to the minimum allowable value of the corrosion residual thickness, protective measures should be taken, such as reducing the filling height, reducing the weight of the breathing valve plate, modifying heavy oil, and coating elastic polyurethane after cleaning.
1.2.6.2.4. The convex, bubbling and wrinkling of the tank wall shall not exceed the provisions of the "Petroleum Depot Equipment Maintenance Regulations" and the "Petroleum Depot Equipment Integrity Standards". If the deformation of the storage tank used for more than 20 years or the depreciation expires does not continue to increase, the deviation value can be increased by 50%, and corresponding protective measures should be taken.
1.2.6.2.5. When the tank wall is obviously inclined, it should be measured, and the total inclination of each ring wall plate deviating from the vertical bus bar and the tank wall shall not exceed the allowable standard, otherwise it should be repaired and corrected.
1.2.6.2.6. The longitudinal and horizontal welds, especially the "T" shaped seam between the bottom ring plate and the bottom plate, should be intact and free of oil seepage.
1.2.6.3 cans on top.
1.2.6.3.1. The roof weld is intact, there is no air leakage, the mechanical hard injury is not more than 1mm, and the corrosion residual thickness is not less than 60% of the original thickness, and not less than 35mm, otherwise it should be replaced with a new board or additional lightning protection facilities (except for those with independent lightning rods).
1.2.6.3.2. There is no cracking and falling off at the connection between the frame and the "weak roof".
1.2.6.3.3. The roof should not be convex and concave, deformed, and waterlogged.
1.2.6.4. Floating tray device.
1.2.6.4.1. The straightness of the guide oil column meets the requirements of use, and the vertical deviation is not greater than 00015, the maximum value does not exceed 25mm. 1.2.6.4.2. When the inner floating disc floats in any position, it is stable, not tilting, not rotating, not stuck. The deviation of the separation between the weir plate at the edge of the floating plate and the inner wall of the storage tank is not more than 40mm.
1.2.6.4.3. There is no leakage in the floating plate.
1.2.6.4.4. The annular seal is in good working condition, without damage, oil immersion, folding or falling off.
1.2.7 tank attachments.
1.2.7.1 breathing valve.
1.2.7.1.1. Check no less than twice a month, and at least once a week when the temperature is lower than 0. Check immediately when there is a strong wind, rainstorm and sudden cold, and do not delay or wait.
1.2.7.1.2. The plane of the valve disc is perpendicular to the guide rod, and the allowable deviation is not greater than 01mm, the radial gap between the guide rod and the guide hole is not more than 2mm, and the lifting is free, not stuck or astringent.
1.2.7.1.3. The contact area between the valve disc and the valve seat shall not be less than 70%. Inspect with the color method, and the impression should be in the shape of a ring to ensure that it is sealed.
1.2.7.1.4. Usually especially in winter, the valve disc, valve seat and valve stem should be wiped frequently to prevent rust and water vapor freezing.
1.2.7.1.5. The reduction of the entire valve disc due to wear and rust is not more than 5% of the original weight.
1.2.7.2 hydraulic safety valves.
1.2.7.2.1. No less than 1 inspection per quarter.
1.2.7.2.2. Check whether the protective net is in good condition, and remove it in time if dust, spider silk, and bird's nest are found.
1.2.7.2.3. Measure the refueling height, change the oil in time according to the season and temperature changes.
1.2.7.2.4. As a liquid sealing medium, the oil must be a variety that is not easy to volatilize in summer and non-condensable in winter, such as low condensation point diesel, low viscosity lubricating oil, glycerin aqueous solution and ethylene glycol.
1.2.7.3 flame arresters.
1.2.7.3.1. Check no less than once a quarter, and no less than once a month when the temperature is lower than 0.
1.2.7.3.2. The metal corrugated plates with good thermal conductivity should be stacked as the fire barrier channel, and the metal mesh should not be selected as the fire barrier channel.
1.2.7.3.3. The passage of the interlayer between the heat sink should be clean and smooth, free of dust, freezing and rot, and should be cleaned regularly.
1.2.7.3.4. The gasket is tightly attached, the installation is firm, and the bolt is rust-free.
1.2.7.4. Measure the oil holes.
1.2.7.4.1. Check 1 time per month.
1.2.7.4.2. The guide groove is a non-ferrous metal product, which is fixed firmly, flat and loose, and does not cause serious wear.
1.2.7.4.3. The cover is tightly attached to the seat, the gasket is not damaged by aging, and it is usually replaced at least once every 3 years.
1.2.7.4.4. The plate nut and compression nut are well lubricated at the moving place, and there is no dry grinding.
1.2.7.5. Fire Fighting Foam Generator.
1.2.7.5.1. Check 1 time per month.
1.2.7.5.2. The glass is not damaged, fixed tightly, and there is no oil and gas leakage.
1.2.7.5.3. The net cover is intact, free of nests, dust and frost.
1.2.7.6 manholes with light holes.
1.2.7.6.1. Check no less than 2 times a month, no oil leakage and air leakage.
1.2.7.6.2. The gasket is intact and not damaged by aging.
1.2.7.6.3. Bolt fastening.
1.2.7.7. a valve, a lifting pipe and a manipulating device thereof.
1.2.7.7.1. At the protruding place of the tank wall and tank top, the packing culvert is well sealed, and there is no oil leakage.
1.2.7.7.2. The lifting operation is flexible, the wire rope is not seriously corroded, and the spare wire rope is firmly bolted.
1.2.7.7.3. The crank or handwheel is solid, no loosening, breakage, and good lubrication and protection.
1.2.7.8. Siphon drain hydrant and sewage pipe.
1.2.7.8.1. Inspect no less than once a quarter, and inspect frequently when the temperature is lower than 0 to prevent cold and crispy freezing and cracking to run oil.
1.2.7.8.2. The valve should be non-seepage and leak-free, and the opening and closing should be flexible.
1.2.7.8.3. Drain the stagnant water and sediment before freezing.
1.2.7.8.4. The filler culvert of the movable siphon drain should be tight and not leaky. Use a fixed drain hydrant as much as possible.
1.2.7.9. Heating coils.
1.2.7.9.1. When not in use, disconnect the drain end, open the valve, and check frequently for oil dripping.
1.2.7.9.2. Before use in winter, the pressure test of each tank system is 1 time, and the test pressure is not less than 1 of the working pressure5 times, check whether there is cracks and perforations.
1.2.7.9.3. Combined with the cleaning or overhaul of the storage tank, the bracket of the heating pipe is adjusted to meet the requirements of the return slope.
1.2.7.9.4. Each valve or trap works normally, operates flexibly, and does not seep or leak.
1.2.7.10. Inlet and outlet oil connection pipes.
1.2.7.10.1. There are no cracks and no serious deformation at the joint.
1.2.7.10.2. The valve is tight, and the opening and closing are flexible.
1.2.7.10.3. After the valve is closed or the lifting pipe is lifted, the oil seepage does not exceed 10 drops per minute. There should be two control valves in the inlet and outlet pipes without valves and lifting pipes, and the valve near the side of the tank is normally open and always kept in good condition ready for use.
1.2.7.10.4. The inlet and outlet pipes can be compensated by the settlement of the pipe pier and the storage tank foundation and the change of ambient temperature, without affecting the tank wall and pipe fittings.
1.2.7.11Ladders, platforms, and railings.
1.2.7.11.1. Install firmly and do not shake.
1.2.7.11.2. The height of the safety protection railing on the top edge of the tank should not be less than 600mm, and the height of the protective "belt" is about 450mm.
1.2.7.11.3. The oil hole of the storage tank in cold areas faces the side of the dominant wind in winter, and a draft shield can be welded with a steel plate.
1.2.7.11.At the beginning of the 4-disc ladder railing, leave a length of 600mm without oil, or replace it with galvanized angle steel and galvanized steel pipe, so that the operator of the tank can eliminate static electricity in advance.
1.2.7.11.5. The stepping of the storage tank in the cold area should be welded with flat steel or steel bars to prevent snow accumulation and snow turning into ice.
1.2.8. The defense and insulation of the storage tank.
1.2.8.1. According to the nature of the stored oil products, the regional environment is reasonable to select the coating, the coating should have good static dissipation performance, regardless of the internal or external coating, the resistivity of the coating should not be greater than 109 ·cm, otherwise other corresponding measures should be taken.
1.2.8.2. For light fuel oil tank farms, it is recommended to use expanded fireproof coatings.
1.2.8.3. The anti-corrosion coating should be uniform, without leakage, falling, peeling, bubbling, cracking, wrinkles, protruding particles and other phenomena. When the total area of peeling and shedding reaches one-quarter, the surface should be removed and rebrushed.
1.2.8.4. If there is electrochemical protection in the tank area, the external power supply and insulating flange should be properly set up to prevent stray current from entering. If conditions permit, metal cathodic protection facilities in a vapor phase environment where CK and CK coatings should be used for storage tanks and erection pipelines.
1.2.8.5. Whether the insulation structure of the storage tank is masonry, hanging body, inlay body or direct spraying body, it is required to be firmly attached and filled, and it should be repaired immediately if it is found to fall off.
1.2.8.6. The insulation material is a non-combustible or flame-retardant substance, and the oxygen index is not less than the requirements stipulated by the public security department.
1.2.8.7. Rainwater, spray water, ground water, etc. can not be soaked or soaked in insulation materials, often check whether the waterproof and moisture-proof facilities are in good condition, if there is damage, it should be repaired immediately.
1.2.8.8. Prevent birds and insects from damaging the insulation material.
1.2.8.9. Sampling and measuring the thermal conductivity system of the insulation material every 3 years, if the effective insulation layer can not play the role specified in the design, it should be replaced.
1.2.9. Lightning protection and grounding.
1.2.9.1. All lightning protection and grounding facilities equipped with independent or tank top lightning receivers shall be inspected once a year before the arrival of the thunderstorm season. It is required to be installed firmly, and the disconnect card joint of the down conductor should be tightly attached without breaking and loosening.
1.2.9.2. The down conductor is 2m from the ground to 0The protection facilities of the 3m section should be in good condition.
1.2.9.3. For the down conductor that directly enters the ground from the grounding card of the tank wall, check whether the surface of the bolt and the connector is loose and corroded, and if so, it should be wiped and fastened in time.
1.2.9.4. For storage tanks without flash connectors, check whether there is an insulated connection between the tank top accessories and the tank top metal, especially the bolts and nuts between the breathing valve and the flame arrester, the flame arrester and the connecting short pipe, whether there are missing parts, rust and loosening that affect the lightning path.
1.2.9.5. Check whether the equipotential connection device between the floating disc and the tank body of the floating roof and the inner floating roof storage tank is in good condition twice a year, and whether the soft copper wire is broken and entangled.
1.2.9.6. Grounding resistance detection 2 times a year, which must be measured 1 time before the arrival of the thunderstorm season, its independent resistance value should not be greater than 10, can not meet the requirements, or when the resistance increases too fast, it should be dug up and checked, processed according to different situations, or make up the grounding electrode.
1.2.9.7. For simple anti-induction electricity and electrostatic grounding, test not less than 1 time a year, and its resistance is not more than 30 and 100 respectively, if it does not meet the requirements, it should also be dealt with accordingly.
1.2.9.8. When there is ground and underground engineering construction in the tank farm, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the grounding electrode, and if it may affect the grounding, it is necessary to check and measure.
1.2.10 safety monitoring facilities.
1.2.10.1. Where there are conditions for oil storage, monitoring facilities and instruments for storage tanks should be set up.
1.2.10.2. Monitoring facilities include tank level detection and high and low liquid level alarmsOil storage temperature detection and display;Automatic detection and display of oil electrostatic potential and grounding resistance;Detection and display of gas space pressure in storage tank;Detection and display of oil and gas concentration in tank farm water seal wells, etc.
1.2.10.3. The installation of various testing instruments in the storage tank should meet the following three requirements:
1.2.10.3.1. If there is microelectric transmission and sensing, the tank should be intrinsically safe circuit and overall explosion-proof. The outside of the tank shall be handled in accordance with the "Petroleum Depot Electrical Safety Regulations" (for trial implementation).
1.2.10.3.2. Accurate positioning, firm device, oil resistance, pressure resistance, easy disassembly and assembly.
1.2.10.3.3. There are wires connected with the tank to form an equipotential body. Suspension and isolated protrusion are not allowed. It is strictly forbidden to introduce ungrounded metal into the tank.
1.2.10.4. The reliability and accuracy of the monitoring facilities should be proofread and checked at least twice a year to prevent failure and misoperation.
2. Liquefied gas tank farms and storage tanks
2.1. Characteristics of LPG and key parts of safety supervision The components of LPG include ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, butene, butane and other hydrocarbons, as well as trace amounts of paraffin and sulfur, which are multi-component mixtures. Lowering the temperature at normal pressure or increasing the pressure at room temperature, this mixture will turn into a liquid. Its boiling point is below -50 and its natural point is 446-480. At room temperature and pressure, the ignition energy in the air is very low, and the ethylene is 00096mj, ethane is 025mj, propane is 026mj, butane is 025mj。The volume of the change from the liquid phase to the gas phase can be increased by 250-300 times, but the density is 1 more than that of air5 2 times.
The Code for the Design of Fire Protection of Petrochemical Enterprises stipulates that the fire hazard of combustible gas is divided into two categories according to the lower limit, where the lower limit is less than 10% (body) of combustible gas is Class A, equal to or greater than 10% (body) is Class B, so LPG is a Class A fire hazard substance.
2.1.1. Characteristics of liquefied petroleum gas.
2.1.1.1. Liquidity only needs a small ignition energy to ignite, and the boiling point is low, no need to melt, evaporate and other processes, once ignited in the air, it will produce rapid mixed combustion, and the concentration of oxygen required, that is, the oxygen index is not high, such as carbon dioxide as a diluent, the safe concentration of oxygen is 117—14.5%.
2.1.1.2. Explosiveness The concentration limit of liquefied petroleum gas in the air is 2-152%, the concentration range is very wide, the speed is 2000-3000ms, the flame temperature is as high as 2100, after the complete combustion of 1m3 gas, 100670kj heat can be emitted, and 1L liquefied petroleum gas can form 125m3** mixture.
2.1.1.3. Easy to accumulate because the density of gas is greater than that of air15-2 times, easy to accumulate at the bottom of various buildings and structures, not easy to drift, posing a great threat to security.
2.1.1.4. Diffusibility Easy to accumulate because its density is greater than that of air. The easy diffusion is because LPG is a gas with multiple components, and the density of some components it absorbs is less than that of air, such as ethylene is 098. Some components have a density very close to air, such as ethane of 104. If it sinks and floats in the air, due to the small pressure difference, it will send the liquefied petroleum gas far away and spread widely. If the container containing liquefied gas occurs, its power is very strong, because the heat is 6 times that of coke oven gas, and the volume changes greatly, and the gas phase is 250-300 times that of the liquid phase, which is a dangerous feature and poses a serious threat to safety.
2.1.1.5. Prone to electrostatic characteristics flammable and explosive gases, such as small hole injection, can produce high-potential static electricity due to the extremely fast flow rate, especially when the gas contains other particulate substances, its static electricity danger is greater, and it is caused by flash fire.
2.1.1.6 Toxicity The toxicity of liquefied petroleum gas and methane (biogas) are similar to those of gasoline vapor, which leads to indirect hypoxic asphyxia due to its high content, in which ethylene has a direct anesthetic effect. Depending on the depth of poisoning, symptoms include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, coma, dilated pupils, shallow and rapid breathing, and decreased blood pressure. Therefore, non-toxic odorant should be added to civil liquefied petroleum gas.
2.1.2. Key parts of safety supervision.
2.1.2.1. Tank farm and storage tank Generally, when designing and manufacturing liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks, it is according to the saturated vapor pressure of propane at 48 hours 157MPa calculated. It is a pressure vessel containing dangerous goods, which is flammable and explosive more than gasoline, and the prevention requirements for tank farms and storage tanks should also be stricter than gasoline.
2.1.2.2. LPG pipeline From the storage tank of the LPG reserve terminal of the refinery or petrochemical plant, it is sent to the train or car loading platform by the compressor, and from the unloading platform to the storage tank of the storage station of the distribution and retail point through the compressor, and then from the storage tank to the filling and bottling room through the compressor, all of which need to be pressure-sealed transportation. The liquefied petroleum gas pipeline involves a wide range of surfaces and points, and due to the high pressure and fast flow rate, the danger of leakage and static electricity is more prominent, and it is not allowed to be taken lightly. There have been several accidents due to cracked pipes, leaking valves, high-pressure liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and fires caused by open flames or static electricity**.
2.2. Key points of safety supervision
2.2.1. Tank farm and storage tank.
2.2.1.1. The construction and construction of liquefied petroleum gas tank farms and storage tanks must meet the requirements of relevant specifications and regulations such as "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings", "Code for Design of Urban Gas", "Regulations on Fire Protection Design of Oil Refining and Chemical Enterprises", "Technical Regulations for the Design of Oil Tank Farms of Oil Refineries", etc., and can refer to the relevant provisions of the "Fire Prevention Inspection Manual".
2.2.1.2. There is no cracking or tilting of the solid fireproof wall. The sleeve hole through the wall is well filled.
2.2.1.3. The opening and closing of the drainage gate outside the wall is flexible and tight. There is no sediment and silt in the water seal well, and the water seal layer is not less than 20cm. The water seal well in the cold area should be exhausted before freezing.
2.2.1.4. The floor in the tank area should be paved without cracks and pits. Regularly uproot tall plants and dead grass.
2.2.1.5. Whether it is a normal temperature pressure storage tank or a low temperature and atmospheric pressure storage tank, the tank shape must be intact, not concave or deflated, no seepage or leakage, the tank seat is upright and firm, and it has been inspected and qualified by the pressure vessel management department.
2.2.1.6. If the tank body and tank seat are brushed with white fireproof paint or other anticorrosive paint, they should be closed without falling off. When the color is dark and there are signs of floating rust, it should be updated in time.
2.2.1.7. The safety valve and discharge pipe of the storage tank should pass through the flame arrester and the condensate ** device to the flare, and the following points should be done:
2.2.1.7.1. The ignition device of the torch should be safe and reliable;
2.2.1.7.2. The torch is equipped with a safety device to prevent "fire rain";
2.2.1.7.3. The condensate is not allowed to be discharged arbitrarily, or sent to the torch barrel after heating
2.2.1.7.4. When overhauling, cleaning the storage tank or encountering other accidents, the liquefied petroleum gas must be burned by the torch and is not allowed to be directly discharged into the atmosphere.
2.2.1.8. The storage tank and the pipeline connected to it shall be equipped with lightning protection equipment and electrostatic grounding devices. The lightning protection grounding resistance shall not be greater than 10, the anti-induction lightning grounding resistance shall not be greater than 30, and the resistance only used for electrostatic pulling shall not be greater than 100.
2.2.1.9. The accessories of the storage tank are complete, flexible and reliable, and there is no deformation and leakage. Accessories include: liquid phase inlet, gas phase inlet, liquid phase outlet, gas phase outlet, sewage outlet, vent port, manhole, safety valve, pressure gauge, liquid level gauge, thermometer, return port, various valves, etc.
The safety valve and pressure gauge that pass the calibration should be sealed. The protective sleeve of the level gauge should be firm and reliable, and it is forbidden to use glass tube level gauge.
2.2.1.10. Large liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks and liquefied petroleum gas storage tank groups should be displayed locally with parameters such as pressure, temperature, liquid level, and oil and gas concentration as much as possible, and should also be able to display and alarm by telemetry. When sensing and control equipment is installed in the tank farm and on the tank, it must be handled in accordance with the provisions of the electrical setting of the first hazardous place.
2.2.2. Liquefied petroleum gas pipelines.
2.2.2.1. The ground erection of seamless steel pipe is adopted, and it is not buried as much as possible. Under normal circumstances, no pipe ditch is used, such as the condition is limited, when the pipe ditch is used locally, it should be filled with clean sand, or the ridge should be built at both ends of the pipe ditch to irrigate water to prevent the accumulation of liquefied petroleum gas in the pipe ditch.
2.2.2.2. The pipeline connection is welded, in order to overhaul and dismantle conveniently and safely, and to facilitate the removal of the flange, the flange connection is added in the appropriate place, and the pipes below DG20 can be connected by the pipe hoop live joint, and the twist seam is dense.
2.2.2.3. The valves on the frequently operated and parallel pipelines can be arranged centrally.
2.2.2.4. Safety valves should be set up for all closed pipelines and the pipe section between the two closing valves to prevent the pressure from rising and cracking the pipeline and the accessories on the pipeline.
2.2.2.5. When the oil-resistant high-pressure rubber hose is used in some places, the allowable pressure resistance pressure should not be less than 4 times of the design pressure of the pipeline.
2.2.2.6. Parallel and cross pipelines with a distance of no more than 100mm should be connected by induction, and 1 group of electrostatic grounding electrodes should be set up every 50m in the pipeline. Check the ground resistance 2 times a year.
2.2.2.7. The lowest part of the pipeline should be equipped with a condensate tank device.
2.2.2.8. The slope of the pipeline requires the slope direction to be consistent.
2.2.2.9. Inspect the connectors of the pipeline once a day, such as flanges, threads, welds, compensators, valves, gaskets and fillers, etc., for cracks and damages and leakage.
2.2.2.10. Check the corrosion of the pipeline once a year, especially the elbow and joint, check with a probe or thickness gauge, and update it if the remaining thickness is less than half of the original. Although individual pipe sections do not exceed the standard, when rust and pits are found, the anti-corrosion oil should be re-brushed.