Worker** - Ji Wei, reporter of China Labor Network.
The January 2024 "Science" Rumor List was recently released to answer the questions that everyone has been concerned about recently.
Will coughing become pneumonia for a long time?
Myth:
If you cough for a long time after a cold, it will affect the lower respiratory tract and cause pneumonia.
Truth:
Cough and pneumonia are different concepts, cough is only a symptom of a disease, not a disease, cough can be caused by various causes. Cough usually occurs when pathogens such as viruses and bacteria affect only the upper respiratory tract and not the lower respiratory tract. The common cold can cause a cough, and pneumonia can also cause a cough, but the cough itself does not cause pneumonia.
When the cough is severe, lying flat on the back of the respiratory tract secretions is easy to accumulate, which will aggravate the cough, and the head can be considered to be elevated, which is conducive to smooth breathing, cough and expectoration. If you cough up blood (blood in the sputum), cough worsens at night (or when changing body position), cough up a large amount of yellow purulent sputum, or if you have a fever again after infection, and if the original symptoms such as shortness of breath, dyspnea, and chest pain are significantly worsened, and if you have coughed for more than 2 weeks, it is recommended to go to the hospital.
After getting a flu A, you won't get a second flu in the short term
Myth:
After getting influenza A, the body will also develop immunity to influenza B in the short term, because they are all influenza.
Truth:
Influenza A and influenza B are two different subtypes of influenza that do not have a cross-immune mechanism. Specific antibodies produced after infection with influenza A viruses do not provide effective protection against influenza B infection, and vice versa. In other words, after having been infected with influenza A, if the patient is relatively weak, he or she may still be infected with influenza B.
In general, there is a small chance of infection with the same subtype of influenza virus within a year. For example, if the A(H3N2) subtype of influenza A virus is currently circulating, and the patient will have immunity to this type of virus after infection, the probability of reinfection with the same type of virus within one year is small. However, because influenza A viruses mutate easily, people who have not been vaccinated against influenza may be reinfected with other subtypes of influenza A viruses. In recent years, because the influenza B virus has not mutated much, the spread is relatively small, and the probability of reinfection with influenza B within a year is also small.
With the Spring Festival approaching and the increase in social mobility, those who have not been infected with the influenza virus can seize the opportunity to get vaccinated against the flu. In addition, schools and residences should pay attention to regular ventilation, especially if there are flu patients at home, they must be kept ventilated to reduce the concentration of viruses in a closed environment; Reduce going to densely populated places, and be sure to wear a mask when going to public, especially when going to the hospital; Daily nose washing with saline can help reduce the probability of viral infection.
Moving immediately after a meal can cause the stomach to sag
Myth:
When you are just full, your stomach is like a balloon filled with water, and if you run and jump at this time, your stomach will be like a balloon, and it will be "falling" to deformation by the contents of it, causing the stomach to prolapse.
Truth:
Our internal organs are actually attached to the muscles, connected to many ligaments, fascia, etc., and are "pocketed" where they should be, although they can move one or two, it is difficult to move violently. Gastric prolapse is due to problems with this "suspension system", such as insufficient diaphragm suspension, decreased function and relaxation of the supporting ligaments, decreased intra-abdominal pressure, low gastric tone, and relaxation of abdominal muscles. Long-term exertion, overuse of the brain, hyperperistalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, and decreased diaphragm position can all lead to gastric prolapse. Eating little or overeating for a long time can also increase the risk of stomach prolapse. However, these factors are often accumulated over time, and have little to do with light exercise after meals. Therefore, we don't have to worry about "walking 100 steps after eating" to get a sagging stomach.
Of course, if you overeat and immediately do strenuous exercises such as running and skipping rope, it may lead to the reflux of things in the stomach, making people feel uncomfortable, and if you exercise vigorously just after eating, your movements may be deformed due to factors such as bloating, and you will not be able to play your best level. Therefore, if it is a strenuous exercise, it is recommended to do it 1 2 hours after eating.
Bathing in hot springs can be infected with the HPV virus
Myth:
Recently, a netizen posted that flat warts were found on the neck after soaking in the hot spring, which was caused by HPV infection in the hot spring.
Truth:
People don't get genital warts or flat warts just because they soak in hot springs. Without contact with each other, there is no human papillomavirus (HPV), which can easily cause cervical cancer and genital warts.
There are more than 100 types of HPV viruses in nature, and only a small fraction of them infect humans. Some of them mainly infect** and cause common warts, filiform warts, flat warts, plantar warts, etc.; The other part mainly infects mucosal tissues, among which low-risk types (such as HPV-6 and HPV-11) mainly cause genital warts, while high-risk types (such as HPV-16, HPV-18, etc.) may cause cervical cancer, ** cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, etc. in women.
HPV is mainly transmitted through contact between **, especially sexual transmission is the main cause of genital warts. After leaving the human body, the survival time of the HPV virus in the daily life environment is very short, even if there is a virus on the surface of the object, it does not mean that it can be effectively transmitted. It is difficult for the HPV virus to survive in hot springs, and there is not enough amount to infect human intact **, so the probability of contracting HPV in hot springs is also very low.
How to soak in hot springs with peace of mind? First of all, if there is a trauma **especially in the intimate area**, or if the woman is in her menstrual period, it is not recommended to go to the hot springs. Secondly, it is necessary to choose a hot spring with a clean and hygienic environment and a spring quality rating, and it is best to choose an independent pool. Rinse your body in time after bathing in a public pool, and wipe your body with a clean special bath towel. Finally, if you find that there is a wound after soaking in the hot spring, treat it immediately and do not scratch.
The following groups of people should not soak in hot springs: the elderly with high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, emphysema, anemia; Patients with severe arteriosclerosis and those with poorly controlled long-term hypertension; Women who are in their menstrual period, people with hot spring allergies; People with wounds, ulcers and severe infections, people with contagious diseases. In addition, children, pregnant women, diabetics and people with allergies should not soak in the hot springs for a long time.
Oils made by the "leaching method" contain harmful chemicals
Myth:
Do not buy oil made by the "leaching method", the extraction process requires the use of chemical solvents, and it is easy to produce various harmful chemicals.
Truth:
"Leaching oil" refers to the process of extracting oils and fats from vegetable oils. Many people are worried that the leaching oil will be soaked with chemical reagents, and there will be chemical residues. In fact, the "vegetable oil extraction solvent" used in the leaching method is a food-grade special solvent specially produced by the state for vegetable oil extraction, and the solvent does not have any chemical reaction with the oil in the whole production process, and will be completely removed in the subsequent refining process.
At present, there are two main technologies for extracting oils from vegetable oils: pressing and leaching. Oil pressing is a method of extracting oil from oil by mechanical pressing, and it is also the most traditional method, and many soil oil is pressed; Leaching oil is the process of using chemical solvents to dissolve the oil components in the oil and then separate it from the solid, also known as leaching and extraction. It is the same principle as soaking sugars in beets with water and extracting the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with alcohol.
The oil yield of the pressing method is lower, the efficiency of the leaching method to extract oil will be much higher, which can reduce waste, and the scale of the leaching oil can be very large, which is also impossible to do in the pressing process. Therefore, the leaching process has gradually become the mainstream practice of oil processing plants.
Therefore, whether it is the pressing method or the leaching method, as long as the finished edible vegetable oil is produced in accordance with national standards and meets national food safety standards and product quality standards, it is safe.
Wearing black underwear is more likely to get cancer
Myth:
Black is one of the most common colors in textile and clothing products, but it is best not to buy black underwear, wearing black underwear, the chance of cancer will be higher.
Truth:
Among the chemical synthetic dyes, azo dyes account for the largest proportion, because their molecular structure contains the structure of azo linked aniline, involving most commonly used reactive dyes, disperse dyes, direct dyes, etc., which are used for dyeing and printing of a variety of natural and synthetic fiber fabrics. Azo dyes themselves are non-toxic, but a small part of azo dyes will mix with human metabolites during human wear, and a reduction reaction will occur under certain conditions, releasing carcinogenic aromatic amines and damaging human health.
However, we can rest assured that this part of the azo dye has been banned in most countries. China's national mandatory standard "National Basic Safety Technical Specifications for Textile Products" (GB 18401-2010) clearly stipulates that "decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes are prohibited"; The national mandatory standard "Limit and Determination of 23 Harmful Aromatic Amines in Dye Products" (GB 19601-2013) standardizes the development and production of dye products in China from the source to ensure that high-quality and safe products are provided for the application of textile and garment products and dyes.
So as long as it is a good quality garment, no matter what the color, it is safe and harmless. The above provisions are also applicable to black textile and garment products, and black textile and garment products with qualified quality are also safe and harmless.
Eating spicy food can cause acne
Myth:
Every time I eat something spicy, acne will soon pop up on my face, which shows that eating spicy food will lead to acne.
Truth:
There is no connection between eating spicy food and getting acne. On the contrary, some studies have pointed out that the capsaicin in chili peppers is good for acne.
The reason why there is a phenomenon of "acne after eating spicy" is because eating spicy will make the acne that is not too obvious become redder and more obvious because of the stimulation of "spicy".
The spicy foods in our impression: red oil hot pot, boiled pork slices, and spicy chicken, are often accompanied by high sugar and high fat - these are the main reasons for acne. Therefore, next time, don't eat spicy acne monsters, eat less greasy, high-sugar foods, and develop regular work and rest habits, which is the key to preventing "acne".
Coconut oil can be used**
Myth:
Commonly used vegetable oils are mainly composed of long-chain fatty acids, which are easy to accumulate fat after eating. Coconut oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids, which provide energy quickly without accommodating fat.
Truth:
Whether medium-chain fatty acids can really be ** is not consistent in current research. While some studies have found that they can increase satiety and reduce eating, and some studies have found that medium-chain fatty acids may help reduce waist circumference and weight, others have found no significant effect. Therefore, although medium-chain fatty acids have a good prospect for **, more high-quality studies are needed to verify it.
In addition, coconut oil is not equated with pure medium-chain fatty acids. Although there are 54% of medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil, lauric acid, which accounts for the majority of the total, is metabolized in a similar way to long-chain fatty acids. In fact, coconut oil contains very few fatty acids that help.
Moreover, coconut oil itself is 99% fat and super high in calories, 100 grams of coconut oil contains 895 kilocalories. If you want to rely on coconut oil**, you may not lose your fat, but you have gained a lot of fat.
The monthly "science" rumor list is guided by the Beijing Municipal Association for Science and Technology, the Cyberspace Administration of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, and the Capital Internet Association, and jointly released by the Beijing Science and Technology Journalists and Editors Association, and the Beijing ** joint rumor refutation platform.
Spotlight Respiratory diseases will remain prevalent before and after the Spring Festival
On February 4, the National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases and health tips in winter. At present, it is the peak of returning home before the Spring Festival, and the domestic north-south cross-border tourism boom continues, and the large-scale flow and gathering of people is easy to accelerate the spread of respiratory diseases, and respiratory diseases will still maintain a certain epidemic level before and after the Spring Festival.
Focus on Corona JnThe 1 variant has become the dominant strain in the local territory
On February 4, the National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce that the new crown epidemic in China is still at a low level, but the monitoring data such as recent case reports and sentinel hospital test positivity rates have increased slightly, indicating that the new crown epidemic is showing an upward trend. At present, there are local cases in ChinaThe 1 variant has become the dominant epidemic strain, and it is mainly mild.