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The Gallipoli Landing Operation (also known as the Dardanelles Operation) was a joint land-sea landing operation carried out by the British and French Allied forces on the Turkish Army on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey during World War I. The campaign lasted 259 days, from April 25, 1915 to January 9, 1916, when the British and French allies were defeated.
This landing operation was also the most tragic battle ever fought in a landing operation, and in this battle, the landing force suffered unprecedented heavy losses.
In January 1915, the Allies began to intensify their offensive on the Western Front in Europe. The Entente powers, led by Britain and France, gradually tightened their thousand-mile defense line. In the face of a ferocious and powerful enemy, Britain, France, and Russia, in order to reduce the pressure on the Western Front, Britain, France, and Russia reached an agreement that the British and French navies would land in the Dardanelles Strait of Turkey, occupy Gallipoli, open up the Near East theater, and attack the Allies from the south. And ** is to open the Black Sea channel blocked by the German army and the Turkish army, establish ** maritime contact with Britain and France, transport a large number of supplies from the Black Sea ports, and at the same time further contain the Turkish army and encircle Germany and Turkey from the flank. Unfortunately, the British and French allies were unaware that the German and Turkish armies had deployed 200,000 troops in the Dardanelles and laid a large number of mines at the entrance to the strait. It has also been equipped with three firepower nets for periphery, middle and internal defense, as well as mine obstacle platforms, and has long been ready for battle. The British and French allied forces landed three times, all of which ended in failure. Reality forced the British and French allies to change their operational plans and decide to implement a joint operational plan for the army and navy. However, this decision not only did not change the situation of defeat, but on the contrary, caused the landing force to experience a baptism of blood and fire.
At that time, due to the urgency of the war, most of the soldiers of the landing force mobilized by the British and French allied forces did not take part in the landing operations in the Transitional Sea, and they had never received special training for landing operations, and they even rushed into the war without even preparing the necessary landing tools. Just as the transfer was approaching the coast, there was a scramble to get ashore on the shore. In the panic, the landing force stepped on the barbed wire with hooks that had already been laid in the water, some lost their way in the dark, and the joint landing force was attacked by heavy artillery fire from the Turkish army, **extremely heavy: there were more than 260,000 people on a narrow beach**, and Turkey was also **18 in this battle60,000 people.
In the face of this huge and fiasco, many well-known military theorists have pessimistically predicted: If the landing warfare and the Marine Corps have greatly improved the efficiency of modern warfare, warships, aerial reconnaissance, and radio communications, if they do not have a full understanding of the battlefield environment, if there are many troops in the operation, large-scale joint operations are unfavorable, and large-scale amphibious landings will become more and more difficult, the results will be immeasurable, and the chances of success will become more and more slim.
War promotes the development of the armed forces, but not all branches of the armed forces can develop with the war. Sometimes, on the contrary, some branches of the armed forces disappear with the development of the war, and each branch of the armed forces has its own place and role in the war. The First World War led to the development of the air force and armored forces, but it had a negative impact on the landing warfare and the Marine Corps. In the First World War, a total of five landing operations were carried out, but only one was successful, especially the disastrous defeat in the Battle of the Dardanelles, which was an unprecedented disaster for the landing war and the Marine Corps, and the impact was so great that not only the status and role of the Marine Corps plummeted, but even almost ruined the development prospects of the landing war and the Marine Corps. So as soon as the war ended, the Marines returned to their sentry positions.
Analysis of the strategy and war situation in World War I).
However, the Gallipoli landing battle was the first landing battle in the history of world warfare in which a combined naval and land operation was carried out. It has provided valuable experience for multi-service and large-scale joint landing operations in the modern sense.